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1.介词with用法（1） “具有，带有” eg: She is a lovely girl with big eyes.（2） “和一起” eg: I often play with my friends.（3） “在身边，在身上” eg: Please take an umbrella with you.（4） 表示“使用工具，手段” eg: You can write it down with the pen. 2.called 过去分词做后置定语，放在被修饰的名词之后，“（被）叫做的”。A boy called Mike.What are on show in the museum?-Some photoes _by the children of Yushu,Qinghai.A have been taken B were taken C are taken D taken3.otehr “另一个” one.the other“一个.另一个” eg: I have two sisters:one is called Lily, the other is called Lucy. another 指三者或三者以上中的另外一个。I . Reading部分:1. It was painted in 1850. 被动语态：当行为的执行者不明确或不必提及时，常用被动语态。构成：be+动词的过去分词几种常见时态的被动语态构成：时态谓语动词的构成 例句一般现在时am/is/are+动词的过去分词Flowers are watered every day.一般过去时was/were+动词过去分词She was seen to walk into that shop.一般将来时Will be+动词过去分词The building here will be destroyed next year.现在进行时am/is/are+being+动词过去分词Is a new garden being built near your home?现在完成时have/has been+动词过去分词The problem has been solved.2. Im afraid someone has cheated you.现在完成时现在完成时的构成：have/has+动词过去分词（1） 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和already,ever,never,just,yet连用。Eg: I have never been to England. Have you ever read the book? Yes,I have./ No,I havent. (2) 表示过去发生，一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与since或for引导的时间状语从句连用。 Eg：The Greens have lived here since 1990.（since+点时间） The film has been on for half an hour. (for+段时间)3.what happened to the criminal? 罪犯怎么了？happen “发生” 无被动语态，强调偶然性，而take place 强调经过安排的，计划的。Eg：when will the weeding take place？(1)“sth. happen+时间/地点”表示某事发生在某时，某地。 Eg: The accident happened at the corner.(2)“sth.happens to sb.”表示某人出了某事。 Eg：what happened to the young man yesterday？4.admit + doing 承认做某事 Eg：He admitted copping others.5.enjoy doing 喜欢做某事6.who引导的定语从句Mr Li is a very rich man (who lives alone and enjoys collecting things.)关系代词指人，代替先行词在句中作主语时，有时可以用that 互换。Eg: The girl who (that) is writing is my sister. Jamie is a young cook _wants to improve school dinners. A who B whose C whom D which alone 与 lonely alone “单独，独自” 既是形容词又是副词，只可作表语。eg: He went there alone.Lonely “孤独的，荒凉的”为形容词，可以作表语和定语。eg: He was a lonely old man. She feels lonely.7. He showed it to only two people-his friends Jill and Jenny. sth 展示某物Show sb. around 带领某人参观 sb sth. 向某人出示某物 宾语从句 展示report 做动词，“检举，告发” report sth./sb.(to sb.)(for sth.) “（因为某事）（向某人）告发某事/某人 eg：The victim wanted to report him to the police.受害人想向警方告发他。8.a black pearl earring 形容词排序问题的顺序: 限冠形龄色国材9. deny+doing sth. 否认/拒绝做某事。Eg：She denied telling a lie.她否认了说谎话。10I need the proof. 我需要证据。need实义动词“需要” 名词 ：We need 5 more days to finish the job.我们还需要5天时间去完成这项工作。 V-ing = need to be done ：Your hair needs cutting.=Your hair needs to be cut. 你的头发该剪了。 to do ：You dont need to go home so early. 你不需要这么早回家。11.jump to conclusions “贸然断定，过早下结论”也可以说jump to a conclusion .12.what about 怎么样= how about13.may是情态动词，“也许，可能”+ V原 否定形式是may not. Eg: I think you may be right.我认为你可能是对的。He may not be at home tomorrow.他明天可能不在家。辨析：may 和 can 都可以用来表示“可能”(1) may 表示实际的，马上能应验的具体可能性。 I may fly to America next week. 在否定句中，may not 表示也许不，推断时不太有把握。Eg: She may not at home. 当may表示“可能”时不用于疑问句中。(2)can 表示理论上的，按常情推断的，抽象的可能性。Eg: The boy can be from England. 在否定句中，can not 表示不可能，推断时很有把握。 Eg：She cant be at home. 在疑问句中，can 有惊异，不相信之意。 Eg: How can I get there in 5 minutes ?14.辨析 each 和every(1)each 强调个体，every强调整体 Eg： Every student in my class has a dictionary.我们班每个同学都有一本词典。 Each student in our class has a dictionary.我班的每位同学各有一本词典。(2) each 一般用于两个或者两个以上的人或事物。 Eg: There are some trees on each side of the road.every 一般用于指三个或三个以上的人或者事物。Eg: He went to visit his grandmother on every Sundays.(3) each 还可以作代词，后面可以+ of +复数名词/代词 但谓语动词仍然用单数。但every 不可以。 Eg：Each of the girls has long hairs. (Every one of the girls has long hairs.)15.difference “不同” be different from “与.不同” Eg: Her blouse is different from mine.她的衬衫与我的不同。16.quite 副词 用于肯定句中，相当于completely Eg: You are quite wrong.你完全错了。 She is quite a piano player. 她的钢琴弹的确实不错。 Quite 与否定句not 连用时，作“差不多”“并不完全”解。表示程度上接近。= not completely Eg：I dont quite like him. 我并不十分喜欢她。rather“相当”， 语气较重。She speak English quite well. 她英语说的很好。She speak English rather well. 她说英语相当好。17.We sat at the back of the cinema.我们坐在电影院的后面。18.bump into撞到 eg: The tall boy bumped into me.那个高个子的男孩撞到了我。19 辨析：spend , pay ,take ,cost(1) spend 的主语经常是人 用来表示花钱买东西或花时间做事情。“人+spend(s)+时间/金钱+on sth.”或者“人+spend(s)+时间/金钱+(in )doing sth Eg: I spend 5 dollars on the book. I spend 5 dollars in buying the book.(2) pay “花费，支付”主语只能是人，且只用于花费金钱，其结构是“人+pay(s)+sb.+金钱+for sth. Eg: I pay him 10 yuan for my sugar.(2) take 一般表示花费时间 “It takes sb.some time to do sth. Eg; It took me 2 hours to get there.(3) Cost “指某东西“值多少钱，需要花多少钱（精力）等”它的主语一般是表示东西的名词，不能是表示人的名词。Eg：The book costs me thirty yuan. It costs her 100 dollars to buy the dress. 20.one of + 形容词最高级+名词复数 表示“是最.的.之一” Eg：ZhouJielun is one of the most popular singers. 周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。
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