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九 年 级 (全) unit3 4一、重点单词1、 n. 执照；许可证 2、 n. 目前；礼物 3、 n.&v .经历；体验 4、 n.会员；成员 5、 v.回答；答复 6、 v.完成；实现7、 n.&v。 比赛；赛跑；与 比赛；参加赛跑 8、 n. 要点；论点9、 n.机会；时机 10、 adj. 傻的； 愚蠢的 11、 adj. 困倦的 12、 n.研究；调查 13、 n.领带 14、 n.烦恼；忧虑15、 n.（有共同兴趣、职业等的人形成的）圈子；阶层 16、 n.剩余部分；其余17、 n.架子；（书橱、柜子等的）隔板 18、 n.膝；膝盖19、 v.覆盖；遮掩 20、 adj.深的 21、 adj.对的，正确的22、 v.烧伤 23、 v. 提供 24、 v. 拒绝；回绝二、词汇拓展1、achieve(v.) (n.)成就，完成 2、succeed(v.) (n.)3、energy(n.) (adj.) 精力充沛的 (adj.)成功的4、confident(adj.) (n.)自信 5、permit(v.) (n.)允许6、fairly(adj.) (同义词adv.)相当地 7、listen(v.) (n.)听着；收听者8、knowledge(n.) (adj.) 知识渊博的 9、treat(v.) (n.)治疗10、downstairs(adv.) (反义词)在楼上 11、help(v.&n.) (adj.)有帮助的；有用的12、safe(adj.) (adv.)安全地 13、important(adj.) (n.)重要性 (n.)安全 14、medicine(n.) (adj.)医学的；医疗的三、重点短语1、 代替；而不是 2、 不睡觉；熬夜 3、 全神贯注；专心于4、 提出；想出（主意、回答等） 5、 出版；发表 6、 大量；很多7、 如果将会怎么样 8、 关心；担心 9、 与相处10、 目前；现在 11、 养老院 12、 挡道的；妨碍人的13、 一点也不；根本不 14、 使失望与沮丧 15、 公共；公众四、重点句子1、-我认为应该允许学生和他的同学们一起做作业。 。 -我不同意。他们说话而不做作业。 。2、-不应该允许十六岁的青少年驾车。 。 -我同意。他们在那个年龄不够认真。 。3、你认为应该允许十六岁的青少年选择他们自己的衣服吗？ 。4、 我认为不应该允许16岁的孩子打耳洞。 。5、我们家有很多规定。 。6、我们老师相信，如果我们那样做了，我们就会将注意力更多地集中在服装上，而不是学习上。7、那将是让老师和同学们都感到满意的方法。 。8、我知道我们有时很吵， 但是我们相互之间可以学到很多东西。 。9、去年夏天，我有机会在一家当地医院做志愿者。 。10、我知道父母关心我。 。 11、只有那时，我才有机会实现我的梦想。 。12、如果我是你，我就穿衬衫打领带。 。13、如果我是你，我就晚点到。 。14、你的朋友或许说你很容易相处。 。16、你有很多朋友，而且还喜欢同他人在一起。 。 15、你喜欢跟一两个人说话,而不喜欢跟一群人说话。你宁愿呆在家里读一本好书，而不愿去参加聚会。 。16、 但是你总能想出好方法来解决人们的问题。 。17、 它就不同情况下应采取什么样的措施提出了建议。 。18、要是其他人都带了礼物该怎么办呢？ 。五、知识清单1. I dont think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.我认为不应该允许16岁的孩子打耳洞。（Section A, 1b）【用法归纳】（1） 当主句的主语是第一人称I或we，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等词时，其后的从句不能是含有not的否定句；若要否定，须将not提到主句（即： 否定转移）。在翻译时，按汉语习惯译作否定从句。例如：“我想他不会给你打电话的。”应译为I dont think he will give you a call。 而不是I think he wont give you a call。若把此类句式变成反意疑问句，其助动词及主语要根据从句确定，而肯定/否定则要根据主句来确定。We think you can help him, cant you? 我们认为你能帮助他，不是吗？I dont think he is a good student, is he? 我认为他不是个好学生，对吗？（2）句中的 sixteen-year-olds相当于 sixteen-year-old teenagers，意为“16岁的孩子/年轻人”。【知识拓展】 数词和一个相应的名词单数用“-”连接起来，可以构成一个合成形容词。常见的还有： two-month holiday 两个月的假期 a sixty-pound stone 一块60磅的石头（3）get their ears pierced属于“get+宾语（名词或代词）+v。-ed”结构，表示“使被做”，可以自己做，也可以请别人帮忙做。其中v。-ed为过去分词做宾语补足语，和宾语之间为被动关系。如： Youd better go and get your hair cut. Its too long! 你最好去把头发理了，太长了。There is something wrong with my computer. Ill get it fixed. 我的电脑出毛病了，我得请人修一下。【知识拓展】 get sb to do sth “让某人做某事”，相当于have sb do sth.如： The boss always gets the workers to work day and night.老板总是让工人们夜以继日 的工作。 have sth done(v-ed) “请别人做某事”如： Ill have my hair cut this afternoon. 我今天下午要去理发。2. I disagree. 我不同意。 I agree. 我同意。（Grammar Focus）（1）agree意为“赞成，同意”，用来表示同意某人的意见、观点等；可以单独使用，也可以接由with, to, on等引导的介词短语或接从句。 Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 我们明天去动物园，好吗？ I agree. 我同意。 I quite agree with you. 我完全赞成你的意见。 Do you agree on this plan? 你同意这个计划吗？【知识拓展】 agree with, agree to和agree on都表示“同意”，但用法不同。 agree with表示“同意”，后面接表示人的名词或代词，也可以接表示“意见，看法”的 名词。 We all agree with him. 我们都同意他的意见。 Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗？ agree to表示“同意”，后面接表示“计划，建议，安排”等的名词，接动词原形时构成 动词不定式结构。 He agreed to our plan at last. 最后他同意了我们的计划。 They agreed to come on Monday. 他们同意星期一来。 agree on表示“（两人以上）就取得一致意见，在方面意见一致”，其主语多为 复数形式，宾语是表示事、计划等的名词，而不是表示人的名词或代词。 They agreed on the plan.（2）disagree是agree的反义词，相当于not agree。3. They talk instead of doing homework. 他们说话而不做作业。（Grammar Focus）本句中的instead of是复合介词，意思是“代替”，后面往往接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语, of后面的内容是被否定的。 I want that book instead of this one. 我要那本书而不是这本。 We went to swim instead of playing basketball. 我们没有去打篮球，而是去游泳了。知识拓展副词instead和instead of意思相同，但用法却不同。instead意为“代替，顶替”，常位于句首或句末，可不译。 I didnt go to cinema. Instead, I went to go shopping. 我没有去看电影，我去购物了。 The water here is not good, so I drink coffee instead. 这里的水不好，所以我改喝咖啡。 instead of是复合介词，意思是“代替”，后面往往接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语, of后面的内容是被否定的。 I want that book instead of this one. 我要那本书而不是这本。 We went to swim instead of playing basketball. 我们没有去打篮球，而是去游泳了。4. -We have a lot of rules at my house. 我们家有很多规定。 -So do we. 我们家也是。 （Section A, 3a）So do we.是倒装句。“so + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语”倒装句型表示前者所述的情况同样适用于后者，意思是“也是如此”。注意在时态上和前面一句保持一致。如： I like swimming, and so does he. 我喜欢游泳，他也喜欢游泳。 She can speak Russian. So can her sister. 她会讲俄语，她姐姐也会。【知识拓展】 类似 so do sb.和so sb. do 句型的运用 这两个句型看上去很相似，也很容易混淆。“So + 助动词（be动词或情态动词）+ 主语”常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于 后面的人或物。意为“某人（物）也一样”。该机构中的助动词（系动词或情态动词），必须与前句的谓语动词以及后句的主语的人称和数保持一致，时态和前句保持一致。例如: Mary likes Chinese. So does Tom. 玛丽喜欢汉语，汤姆也喜欢。当前面一句是否定句时，则不能用so,，要用neither或nor, 说明前句否定的情况也适用于后面的句子，意为“也不”。如： I dont have a computer. Neither does she. 我没有电脑。她也没有。 We have never been to Tokyo before. Neither have they. 我们以前没去过东京。他们也没去过。“so + 主语+助动词（be动词或情态动词）”句型，用来加强语气，表示赞同。意思是“的确如此”。如： -Its too hot today. 今天太热了。 -So it is. 的确如此。 5. We think young people should look smart and so we would like to wear our own clothes.我们想年轻人应该看起来漂亮潇洒，因此我们想穿自己的衣服。（Section B,3a）（1）would like意为“想要”，相当于want，后面接名词或动词不定式。I would like a cup of coffee. 我想要杯咖啡。I didnt want to go to the cinema. I would like to stay at home.我不想去看电影，我想呆在家里。(2) would like sb. to do sth.表示“想要某人做某事”。Id like you to help me with my homework. 我想要你帮助我做家庭作业。特别提示feel like也可以译为“想要”，有时可以与would like替换；其后接名词或动词的-ing形式。She feels like a good meal. 她想美美地吃一顿。I feel like seeing a film tonight. 我今晚想去看电影。6. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies. 我们老师相信，如果我们那样做了，我们就会将注意力更多地集中在服装上，而不是学习上。（Section B,3a）（1）believe是及物动词，意为“相信”，其后可跟名词或从句。 I dont believe his story. 我不相信他的故事。 I believe he told us the truth. 我认为他告诉我们的是真的。 believe in表示“信任”（即trust）。 She doesnt believe in God. 她不信奉上帝。（2）在that if.句中，that放在believe后面用来引导一个宾语从句，而if则在宾语从句中 引导一个条件状语从句，we would.则是条件状语从句中的主句。We are sure that if they come on time, they wont be in the rain.我们都确信，如果他们准时到的话，就不会被雨淋了。（3）concentrate（.）on sth，表示“专心致志（于某件事）， 精神集中，全神贯注（做某事）”。 I cant concentrate on my work when Im hungry. 我饿了就无法集中精力工作。 We must concentrate our attention on efficiency. 我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。7. That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students happy. 那将是让老师和同学们都感到满意的方法。（Section B,3a） 句中的to keep happy是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰前面的名词way。 keep的用法：keep sb./sth + adj. 表示“使保持”。句中both teachers and students 是to keep 的宾语，形容词happy为其宾语补足语。如：Take my coat. It will keep you warm. 拿上我的大衣，它会使你暖和些。【拓展】keep 后面还可以加介词短语、副词、v. -ing 形式、过去分词作宾语补足语，意思是“使保持某种状态”。The work kept him in the office for a whole week. 他因工作在办公室呆了整整一个星期。Ill try not to keep you waiting.我会尽量不让你久等。Well keep you informed as soon as possible. 我们会尽快让你们了解情况的。8. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other. 我知道我们有时很吵， 但是我们相互之间可以学到很多东西。（Section B,3a） learn.from意为“向学习”。We used to learn English from Da Shan. 我们以前常常跟大山学英语。He never learns from his mistakes. 他从来不从错误中吸取教训。 learn to do sth“学习，学会做某事”。 each other意为“互相”，9. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital. 去年夏天，我有机会在一家当地医院做志愿者。（Section B,3a）（1）本句中的volunteer是动词，表示“自愿做某事，当志愿者”等意思。 Thousands of men volunteered when the war broke out. 战争爆发时，成千上万的人当了志愿兵。 We volunteered to raise the money. 我们志愿募捐。特别提示volunteer作名词时表示“自愿做工或无偿做工的人，志愿者”。 This work costs us nothing. Its all done by volunteers. 这项工作我们没有花一点钱，全是由志愿人员完成的。（2）local是形容词，意为“本地的，地方的”，在句中用作定语。 Following the national news we have the local news and weather. 国内新闻之后是本地新闻和天气预报。 Shes a local girl. 她是本地姑娘。特别提示 local用作名词时，通常用复数形式，意思是“本地人，当地人”。 The locals like to visit friends on weekends. 当地人喜欢周末访友。10. I would like to reply to the article “Helping and Learning” in your last newsletter.我想 回答你们上期简讯上“帮助与学习”这篇文章中的问题。（Self Check 2）句中的reply意为“回答，应答”，一般只用作不及物动词，后面与to连用，表示“回答别人的问题、话语、信件等”。He didnt reply to my letter. 他没有给我回信。How can you reply to my questions? 你如何回答我的问题呢？11. “I know my parents care about me, ”he says.“我知道父母关心我，”他说。（Reading）care about为及物动词短语，意为“关心，在乎，介意”，其后接名词或代词。The girl never cares about others. 那个女孩从不关心别人。She didnt care about anything people might say. 人们说什么她都不在乎。12. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream. 只有那时，我才有机会实现我的梦想。（Reading）这是一个倒装句。“Only + 状语（或从句）”位于句首时，句子应用倒装语序，其语序是：Only + 状语（或从句）+ 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它。如：Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation was. 只有那时，我才意识到情况有多么 危险。13. If I were you, Id be a little late. 如果我是你，我就晚点到。(Section A, 2a)a little = a bit一点儿Try to help your mother a little. 设法帮你妈妈一点忙。I feel a little better. 我感觉好一点了。【特别提示】not a little和not a bit两者意义不同，前者意为“很多”，“不少”（=much），后者意为“一点也不”，“一点也没有”（=not at all）。14. What if everyone else brings a present? 要是其他人都带了礼物该怎么办呢？(Section A, 2c)(1) everyone else中的else用来修饰everyone，表示“其他的，别的”，它常放在疑问词或不定代词的后面。Is there anything else? 有别的东西吗？What else can you see? 你能看见别的什么东西吗？ (2) what if 表示“要是将会怎么样？”的意思，其结构相当于what would happen if.。What if it rains when we cant get under shelter?假若下起雨来，我们又没处避雨可怎么办？15. Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble. 噢，狗可能带来许多麻烦。(SectionA, 4)名词trouble在这里意为“麻烦，烦恼，困难”。I have some trouble in reading his handwriting. 我认他的笔迹有点难。I am sorry to put you to so much trouble. 很抱歉这样麻烦你。【短语链接】be in trouble “处于困境中”。He is in trouble. Lets help him. 他现在处于困境中，我们帮帮他吧。17. If you answered c for most questions, then you are probably pretty confident.如果你大部分问题的答案都是c，那么你可能相当自信。(SectionB,3a)(1) answer .for questions 意为“把问题回答成”。(2) confident是形容词，其名词为confidence，常用句型：have confidence in sb. 表示“信任/信赖某人”。I have complete confidence in him. 我完全信任他。(3) pretty在这里作副词用，相当于very，可用来修饰形容词或副词，意为“相当地”，表示程度。如：pretty beautiful很美；pretty well相当好。Im pretty sure he will come on time. 我很确信他会准时来。The homework you did yesterday is pretty poor, youd better do it once more. 你昨天的作业做得相当糟，你最好重做。18. You have plenty of friends and you enjoy the company of other people. 你有很多朋友，而且还喜欢同他人在一起。(SectionB,3a)plenty与of构成固定词组，意为“很多的”，“大量的”，既可以修饰可数名词的复数形式，也可以修不可数名词。“plenty of+名词”在句中作主语时，谓语动词的数由plenty of后面的名词的数决定。There are plenty of books on the desk. 桌上有许多书。Dont worry. There is plenty of time. 别着急，时间很充裕。19. Your friends would probably say that you are easy to get along with. 你的朋友或许说你很容易相处。(SectionB, 3a)get on/along with sb. 都可表示“与某人相处”，在with前可以加副词，表示“相处得如何”。如：当表示“和某人相处融洽”时可用get on/along well with sb.【特别提示】get on/along with sth. 后面接事或物时，表示“（某事）进展，进行”之意。How are you getting on with your studies? 你的功课学得怎样？Im getting along very well with my studies. 我功课学得很好。20. You like talking to one or two people rather than to a group. You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party. 你喜欢跟一两个人说话,而不喜欢跟一群人说话。你宁愿呆在家里读一本好书，而不愿去参加聚会。(SectionB,3a)第一个句子中的rather than相当于instead of，有“代替；而不是”之意，连接两个并列的句子成分：to one or two people 和to a group。如：I think Ill have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想要一杯冷饮而不是咖啡。He ran rather than walked to school. 他跑步去上学而不是步行。第二个句子中would rather (not ) do sth. than do sth. 结构，表示“宁愿（不）做而不愿做”。如：The soldier would rather die than give in. 这个士兵宁死不屈。The shy girl would rather work at home than go to a party. 这个腼腆的女孩宁愿在家干活，也不愿去参加晚会。特别提示rather than还可以用在“prefer+动词不定式”的后面，后接另一动词不定式（to要省略）。I prefer to read rather than do nothing. 我宁愿看书也不愿无所事事。21. .but you always come up with good solutions to peoples problems 但是你总能想出好方法来解决人们的问题。(Section B)come up with在本句中是“提出，想出”的意思，相当于findThe teacher asked a difficult question, but finally Jim came up with a good answer. 老师提问了一个难题，但是最后吉姆想出了一个好方法。He couldnt come up with an answer when I asked him why he was late.当我问他为什么迟到的时候，他想不出一个理由来。【短语链接】catch up with意为“赶上，追上”。We shall have to work hard to catch up with them. 我们要努力工作，赶上他们。22. It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. 它就不同情况下应采取什么样的措施提出了建议。(Reading)advice是不可数名词，意思是“建议”。后面与介词on连用，表示“某方面的建议”；表示“给某人提建议”，用短语give sb. advice 或give advice to sb.。Our teacher often gives us some useful advice on our study. 我们老师经常给我们提出有关学习方面的一些有用的建议。23. His new book What Would You Do If.? came out last month. 他的新书如果你该怎么办?上个月出版了。(Reading)本句中的come out意为“出版，发表”，其中out是副词。When will Shui Mu Nian Huas new recording come out? 水木年华的新唱片什么时候发行？The new textbooks will come out at the end of this month. We need to wait. 新课本这个月底就要出版了。我们需要等一等。come out还可以表示“出来”；“（花）开放”之意。The sun is coming out. 太阳就要出来了。The flowers begin to come out in spring. 春天花儿开始开放。六、中考聚焦考点1. allow People are not （allow）to smoke in some public places.（2006福建福州）I dont think students should be （允许）to bring mobile phones to school.（2006宁夏）【要点简析】allow“允许；准许”，短语有 allow sb. to do sth. （= let sb. do sth.）/ allow doing sth. 。被动句中用be allowed to do 考点2. so 句型People in England rest two days a week. .（2006云南昆明）A. So Chinese are B. So are Chinese C. So do Chinese D. So Chinese do【要点简析】“so + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语”，表示前者所述的情况同样适用于后者，在时态上和前面一句保持一致。考点3. instead of 与insteadId like to listen to music watching a bad TV program. （2006福建福州）【要点简析】instead of是短语介词。instead 是副词，单独用于句末。考点4. agree withI think physics is very difficult to learn. Do you me?（2006山西）A. deal with B. get along with C. agree with【要点简析】agree with“同意”， 后面常跟sb., idea, suggestion等作宾语。deal with“处理；应付”，get along with“与相处”。考点5. eight hours sleepMy school isnt far from here. Its only walk. （2006黑龙江哈尔滨）A. fifteen minutes B. fifteen minutes C. fifteen minutes【要点简析】以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格在其后加“”。考点6. 虚拟语气Come and join us, Jimmy!Im sorry, but Im really busy now. If I time, I would certainly go.（2006河南）A. will haveB. have hadC. hadD. have【要点简析】本题考查虚拟语气的用法。表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词表现形式是：主句用 would / should / could / might +动词原形，从句用动词过去式（be的过去式一般用were）。考点7 “疑问词+动词不定式” After the discussion, the students asked their teacher next. （2006四川成都）A. which to doB. what to doC. how to do Can you tell me when I should water the flowers?（改为简单句）（2006上海）Can you tell me water the flowers?【要点简析】“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，要注意疑问词的选择。题中没有提供几件事去选择，故不能选which to do；do是及物动词，how to do 后需跟宾语，也不能选，故选B；题填写：when to。 注意：只有当主句主语或宾语与从句主语一致的复合句才能改为含有“疑问词+动词不定式”的简单句。考点8. get along / on (well) with sb.I find Tom easy to get along . So Id like him to come to my birthday party.（2006山西太原）A. toB. forC. with【要点简析】 get along / on with “与相处”，选C。表示“与相处融洽”用短语get along / on well with考点9. come up withShe is planning on driving. Lets help her some good ideas.（2006四川资阳）A. come out B. come upC. catch up withD. come up with 【要点简析】固定短语 come up with ( = think up / find / produce)表示“想出；提出（答案、主意、解决方法等）”。 考点10. confidentWhen Andy nearly reached the end of the 10,000-meter race, he felt because all the other runners were far behind him.（2005山东临沂）A. unhappy B. nervous C. confident D. unlucky【要点简析】confident意为“自信的；有把握的”。根据语境选C。考点11. if Lets go fishing if it this weekend.But nobody knows if it .（2006江苏扬州）A. is fine, will rain B. will be fine, rainsC. is fine, rains D. will be fine, will rain【要点简析】if 是连词，意为“如果；是否”。作“如果”讲时，引导条件状语从句。主句是一般现在时，从句应用一般现在时表示将来；作“是否”讲时（相当于whether），引导宾语从句，可根据实际情况选用不同时态。答句意为“没有人知道是否会下雨”，所以从句应用一般将来时。选A。七、 课文填空Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. At our school, we have to _(wear) uniforms every day. The problem is that all my classmates think the uniforms _(be) ugly. We think young people should look smart and so we would like _(wear) our own clothes. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate _(much) on our clothes than our _(study). We disagree. We would feel more comfortable and that is good for _(study). If we cant do that, we should _(allow) to design _(we) own uniforms. That would be a good way to keep both teachers and _(student) happy. Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers _(study) in groups during the evening. I know we get _(noise) sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other. We also think that vacations should be _(long). At present they are too short. Longer vacations would give us time _(do) things like _(volunteer). Last summer I had _(a) opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital, but I _(can) because I had to go back to school. It would be a good experience for me because I want to be a doctor when Im older.Unit 4 What would you do?If you answered think about what he or she said? for most questions then you are probably _(confidence). Social situations _(bother) you in the slightest. You know what you want, and you know how _(get) it. Sometimes you might annoy people youre so confident.If you answered talk to the friend right away for most questions, you are outgoing and fairly confident, you have plenty of _(friend), and you enjoy the company of other people. People come to you when they want advice. Your friends would probably say that you are easy to get along with.If most of your answers were saying nothing, you are probably a shy person. You like talking to one or _(second) person rather than a group. You would also rather _(stay) at home and read a book rather than _(go) to a party. You have a small circle of very good friends. Your friends would probably say you are a good _(listen).Dear Anna，Im really anxious, because I _(can) find my backpack. I think I _(drop) it during the concert so it might still _(be) in the symphony hall. I really need it because I have a math test tomorro
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