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目 录 第十三讲-词类，词性变化第十四讲-非谓语动词第十五讲-句子的分类及句子成分 第十六讲-简单句和并列句 第十七讲-复合句（1） 第十八讲-复合句（2）第十九讲-陈述句和疑问句 第二十讲-感叹句和祈使句 第二十一讲-被动语态 第二十二讲-虚拟语气 第二十三讲-倒装句 第二十四讲-主谓一致第十三讲 词性变化 单词可以通过加后缀进行词性变化，有些单词本身具有多种词性。下面是一些常见的词性变化规律1. 名词 形容词 （1） n +ful =adj care-careful help -helpful (2) n + y = adj sun-sunny wind-windy (3) n+ly =adj friend-friendly love-lovely (4) n +less =adj home-homeless care-careless 2. 动词 名词 （1）v + er /or=n teach-teacher write-writer （2）v +ation=n operate-operation （3）v +ing =n build-building shop-shopping3. 形容词 名词 （1）adj +ness=n ill-illness busy-business (2) adj +th =n young-youth4. 形容词 副词 Adj +ly=adv careful-carefully quick-quickly1. My uncle often reads China_ _ after dinner. ( day )2. Help _ _ to some fish, everyone. (you)3. September is the _ _ month of year. (nine)4. Chaplin was one of the greatest _ _ in the world. (act)5. This bag may be that _ _. (drive)6. The Suzhou River is seriously _ _. (pollution)7. Shes thought of a _ _ way of doing that than ever. (quickly) 8. Science is _ to make our country strong. (help)9. Its a _ _ season. How heavily it is raining. (rain)10. Mothers Day is on the _ _ Sunday in May. (two)11. Flyer was the Wright brothers _ _. (invent)12. Take some _ _, and you will feel better soon. (medical)13. The more you smoke, the _ _ youll be. (ill)14. We were surprised that he could _ _work out the hard problem. (easy)15. Both his mother and sister work as _ _. (wait)16. Every year a lot of _ _ come to visit the Palace Museum. (foreign)17. Alices father is a famous _ _. (science)18. Please dont go out. Its raining _ _. (heavy)19. Nobody wants to take his bus, for he drives so _ _. (care)20. The _ _ Lesson is the most difficult among all the texts. (forty) 21. His grandma is _ _ person among those old ladies. (health)22. Today our life is full of _ _. (happy)23. After five hours working, he ate up all the dishes _ _. (hungry)24. He made the _ _ that we discuss about it. (suggest)25. It gave him _ _ to see such a fine day he said. (please)26. He was full of _ _ when he saw his son at the bus station. (enjoy)27. They are fighting for their _ _. ( free )28. Do you know the _ of the river? ( long )29. With the _ _of our country, our life is getting better and better. ( develop )30. The old man was so weak that he walked with _ _. ( difficult )31. At the _ _ of July, we will have a reading contest. ( begin )32. I heard of his sudden _ _. This made me very sad. ( dead )33. The police tried to find out the _ _ of the car. ( own )34. The street has been widened, but it is much _ _ than before. ( noise)35. Please put the _ _ sentences into French. ( follow )36. Have the _ _ come back safely from the sea ? ( fish )37. Would you like to tell me something about the culture of _ _ countries? ( west ) 38. I will never forget the _ _ trip to Beijing. ( please )39. He shined his shoes _. (bright )40. Whats your _ _ sport? (favor )41. Do you know the English _ _ Where there is a will, there is a way. (say )42. _ is a person who makes machines or plans the building of roads and bridge. (engine )43. I will come as soon as _ _. ( possibly )44. The famous _ sold his _ _ for one million yuan. ( paint)家长意见（签字）第十四讲 句子成分及简单句类型概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。句子成分分类1主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如：讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctors job.从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. 在“There be ”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：There are some bottles of milk in the box. 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house.2谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如：He is very generous.She looks very smart and coolWe have finished the job.He can speak German.3表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before. 名词作表语 My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here.介词短语作表语They are at the theatre.不定式作表语My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语That is why he didnt come to school yesterday.4宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。如：名词作宾语He never forgives others for their mistakes.代词做宾语He often helps me.不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air.动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China.从句做宾语I believe that they can finish the work in time.直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：We brought them some food.主 谓 间宾 直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to 或 for。5宾语的补足语 在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.如:名词作宾补If you let me go, Ill make you king.形容词作宾补Dont make your hands dirty.副词作宾补We found Li Ming out when we arrived.介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home.省略to的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building.带to的不定式作宾补The boy ordered the dog to lie down.现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day.过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got his leg broken.在英语中,常见的“宾语宾语补足语”的结构有：“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。 We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor.“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如：Do you think his idea wrong?We must keep our classroom clean.We cant leave him alone.Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday?“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。如： Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home.When got there, we found him out.“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如： We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend.He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种： A 要求带to的不定式The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read English in his room. C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.“宾语+现在分词”。现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。 I saw them playing on the playground.I heard Mary singing in the classroom.“宾语+过去分词”。宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。 I had my bike stolen. The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood. 形式宾语形容词 We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.宾语+what 从句Call me what you like.Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago.6定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。如： 形容词作定语 The black bike is mine. 代词作定语 Whats your name?名词作定语They made some paper flowers.介词短语作定语 The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.不定式作短语 I have lots to eat and drink.从句作定语 The tall boy who is standing there is Peter. 在英语中，并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面，有的是放在被修饰词的后面，故称“后置定语”。 修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置。如： Well go to have something English. If you dont know the answer, ask someone else. Do you have anything important to tell me?介词短语作定语时要后置。如： Do you know the boy behind the tree?The students in the room are all my friends. I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.动词的不定式作定语时要后置 What about something to drink? I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.注 动词不定式作主语时，to 后面的动词必须是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语。如果时短语时，那么与动词搭配的介词或副词是不能少的。 Do you have any piece of music to listen to? nearby, below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。如：We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the village below?The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once.7状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。如： He did it carefully They missed me very much. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. When I was young, I could swim well.简单句的五种基本句型 1.定义： 如果句子只有一个主语或者并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语动词，这样的句子称为简单句。 2.基本结构共有5种，分别是： （1）. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) S + V 如：The children are playing happily. 孩子们正在高兴地玩。 （2）. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 S+V+O 如：The Greens enjoy living in China. 格林一家喜欢住在中国。 （3）. 主语+谓语+表语 S+V+P 该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等。如： He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。 The apple pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。 （4）. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+V+InO+DO 这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如： My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨买给我一台电脑。 I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him. 我把盐递给他。 （5）. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 S+V+O+OC 如：We must keep our school clean. 我们必须保持教室清洁。 3.重点难点解析 （1）主 系 表 在 主 系 表 结构中，只能作表语的形容词，常见的有：alone，asleep，afraid，alive，ill等。很多形容词既可以做定语，也可以做表语。 (2)主 谓 宾 1)只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词：want，hope，wish，would like，decide，agree，ask，cant wait等； 2)只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词：mind，enjoy，keep，finish，cant help等； 3)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且有区别的常见动词： a.remember to do.。记住要做.(还未做) remember doing.。记得做了.(已做过) b.forget to do.。忘了做.(还未做) forget doing.。忘了做过.(已做过) c.stopto do.。停下来去做. stop doing.。停止做. d.go on to do.。接下来去做. go on doing.。继续做. e.try to do.。尽力做. try doing.。试着做.(看有无结果) 3)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且无区别的常见动词：begin，start，like，love，hate等。 (3)主 谓 直宾 间宾 1)这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后，但间宾前需加介词to(对象)或for(目的)； 例如：They lent the bike to the boy. 2)需在间宾前加to的常见动词有：give，show，send，bring，pass，lend，tell，teach等； 3)需在间宾前加for的常见动词有：make，buy，do，cook，sing，find等； 4）变被动结构时，直宾或间宾都可以做主语，例如：I bought my brother a nice pen. A nice pen was bought for my brother. My brother was bought a pen . (4)主 谓 宾 宾补 1)带to的不定式作宾补； 例如：She asked me to call him again. 很多动词后面都可以有这种宾补。初中教材常见的这类动词有：ask，tell，want，wish，would like，like，hate等。 注：hope后不能接复合宾语 2)不带to的不定式作宾补； 例如：We often hear the girl sing the song. 能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、短语动词和使役动词如let，feel，notice，help，make，have，listen to，hear，see，watch，look at，observe. 注：如果这种结构变为被动语态，不定式就必然还原to. help后的不定式可以带to也可不带to. 3)分词作宾补； 例如：He heard somebody knocking on the window. I had my bike mended yesterday. 我昨天让人给我修理了自行车。 现在分词作宾补表示主动，且动作正在进行，过去分词作宾补表示被动，或动作已完成，也可以表示请别人做某事。能带分词作宾补的常见动词为感官动词：see，hear，notice，watch，feel及find，get，have(这三个动词为使役动词)等。 注：在感官动词后，既可用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可用不带to的不定式构成复合宾语。现在分词表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束，如例a；用不定式表示动作已发生了，即动作的全部过程已结束，如例b.如： a.He saw a girl getting on the bus.(意为上车的动作正在进行。) b.He saw a girl get on the bus.(意为女孩上车的动作已经结束了。) 4)名词作宾补； 例如：We must keep it a secret. 这类复合宾语只有在有限的一些动词后使用，常见的动词有：name，call，make，elect，think，find，leave等。 5)形容词作宾补。 例如：You should keep the room clean. 常见的能跟这种复合宾语的动词有：make，keep，find，want，wish，like，see，think，believe，leave等。 注：4)，5)类复合宾语中有时宾语不是一个名词或代词，而是一个从句、不定式或动名词，这时通常要用一个it来代替它(即形式宾语)，则把从句、不定式或动名词放到句子后部去。 例如： They found it strange that no one would take the money. You will feel it a great pleasure talking to her. 4.基础专练： 同学们看完以上的知识结构对简单句是否有一定的认识，赶快来做练习验证一下吧。 一. 用公式标出下面简单句的类型。 1. Anna speaks Russian. 2. Daddy bought Tom a new dictionary. 3. Kate calls her cat Mimi. 4. Polly laughed. 5. Lily felt cold. 6. The picture looks beautiful. 7. Jim brought me my English books. 8. It is dangerous. 9. You must wait. 10. Mr Green cant keep the house tidy. 二 划出下列句子成分1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city7. -I love you more than her，child 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Dont get nervous，help yourself to what you like16.We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know 18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.第十五讲 非谓语动词非谓语动词是指由动词变化而成，仍具有动词的性质与意义，但不能作为动词使用的词。通常有三种形式构成：1. 由“to+动词原形”而成的不定式；2. 由“动词原形+ing”而成的现在分词或动名词；3. 由“动词原形+ed”而成的（包括动词的不规则变化）过去分词。一、动词不定式的主要用法“to+动词原形”1.To finish the work on time is not easy.(作主语) （要准时完成这项任务并不容易。）注意：动词不定式作主语时，也可以用形式主语“it”，即Its not easy to finish the work on time.His wish was to become a teacher.(作表语)（他的愿望是成为一名教师。）There is nothing to worry about.(作定语)（没有什么可以担心的。）He ran to catch the bus. (作状语) （他跑着去赶车。）I want to see the new film.(作宾语)（我想要去看这部新电影。）He asked me to open the door.(作宾语补足语)（他要我把门打开。）注意：动词不定式在作let,make,see,hear,feel,watch等使役、感观动词的宾语补足语时，不定式不带“to”例：We often hear her sing in the next room.（我们经常听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。）但上述动词用于被动语态的句子中，动词不定式变成主语补足语，这时必须带“to”。例：He was heard to sing in the next room every morning.(明天早晨他总是被听到在隔壁房间唱歌。)动词不定式作宾语时，也可用形式宾语“it”。例：They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.(他们发现及时准备好一切是不可能的。)2.动词不定式也可以和疑问词who,what,which,whether,when,how,where等连用，构成不定式短语。How to get the tickets is a question. (作主语)（如何获得票子是个问题。）I wonder which to choose. (作宾语)（我不知选哪一个。）The question is who to send the letter. (作表语)（问题是谁去送信。）二、分词的主要用法分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词与过去分词的区别在于：现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的动作，而及物动词的过去分词表示已经完成且被动的动作，不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意义。Do you know the building being built down the street?（作定语）（你知道在街的那头正在建造的大楼吗？）This is one of the buildings built in the 1960s.（作定语）（这是六十年代造的大楼之一。）H*分词作定语可转换为定语从句The news is surprising.（作表语）（这消息令人惊讶。）We are surprised at the news.（作表语）（听到这消息我们感到惊讶。）We heard her singing in the next room.（宾语补足语）（我们听到她正在隔壁房间唱歌。）Im going to have my hair cut.（宾语补足语）（我将去剪一下头发。）H宾语补足语在被动语态中就是主语补足语。如：She can be heard singing in the next room.(While,When)Walking along the street, he met with his old friend.（状语）（当他在路上走时，遇到了他的老朋友。）Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.（状语）（从山顶看，这公园非常美丽。）H 分词作状语可转化为状语从句或并列句。注意：1.分词作定语，如果是单个分词，则放在所修饰的名词之前，如：spoken English, exciting news;如果是分词短语，则要放在所修饰名词之后，如：the language spoken in this country, the boy standing there2.分词作状语，表示原因、时间、条件时一般放在句首，如作为方式状语或伴随状态时，放在句首句尾均可。例：Reading the letter, she couldnt help crying.（读了信，她情不自禁哭了。）此句分词作原因状语；She sat at the table, reading a letter.（她坐在桌边读信。）此句分词作伴随状态。3.分词作为时间状语时，可在分词前加上while,when或on表示“当时候”，或“一就”。例：While talking with her teacher, she felt nervous.（当与老师讲话时，她感到紧张。）；On hearing the good news, she jumped up with joy.（她一听到这好消息就高兴地跳起来。）4.当分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。Seeing the house on fire, he immediately ran to the phone-box.=When he saw the house on fire, he immediately ran to the phone-box.(当他看到房子着火，他马上跑到电话亭去。)Given more time, we could do it better.=If we were given more time, we could do it better.（如果我们被给更多的时间，会做得更好。）5.有一类动词如interest,excite,surprise,please,disappoint,satisfy,tire等，它们的现在分词往往用来表示事物的性质；而它们的过去分词则用来表示人的感受。I am very interested in the interesting story.（我对这则有趣的故事很感兴趣。）We are all tired of such a tiring question.（我们都对如此一个乏味的问题感到厌倦。）三、动名词的主要用法动名词是由动词转化而来，在句子中起名词的作用，但又保持动词的特征，可有自己的宾语或状语，构成动名词短语。Swimming is my favourate sport.（作主语）（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。）Talking is easier than doing.（作主语）（说比做容易。）注意：动名词短语作主语时也可用形式主语“it”例如：Its no good giving him too much money.（给他太多钱没有好处。）My job is teaching English.（作表语）（我的工作是教英语。）Seeing is believing.（作表语）（眼见为实。）He enjoys listening to the music.（作宾语）（他喜欢听音乐。）Thank you for telling me the truth.（作宾语）（谢谢你告诉我真相。）There is a new swimming pool in our school.（作定语）（在我们学校有一个新的游泳池。）This kind of washing machine is out of date.（作定语）（这种洗衣机已经过时了。）注意：1.由物主代词或名词所有格加上动名词可以构成动名词复合结构。例如：Do you mind my closing the door?（作宾语）（你介意我关门吗？）Toms learning maths well helped him in doing business.（作主语）（Tom学好数学帮助他做好生意。）但通常在非正式场合，可以用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，用名词普通格代替所有格。（这种结构在句首出现时除外。）Do you mind me closing the door?I remember Tom going there.2.动名词作主语时，该主语被看作是单数；并列的动名词作主语时，被看作为复数。Reading is my hobby.（阅读是我的爱好。）Saying and doing are two different things.（说的和做的是两件不同的事。）四、非谓语动词中的几组区别1.动名词与现在分词的区别作定语时的区别：现在分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的人或物正在进行的动作，可以用定语从句来改写；而动名词作定语时，表示所修饰的名词和性质及用途，不表示动作，可以用介词“for”来替代。如living cells=The cells which are living.（living为分词）（活细胞）sleeping pills=the pills for sleeping（sleeping为动名词）（安眠药）作表语时的区别：动名词作表语表示主语的内容，具有名词的性质；而现在分词作表语则表示主语的状态及特征，具有形容词性质。如My hobby is collecting stamps.（作动名词，也可以说成Collecting stamps is my hobby.）（我的爱好是集邮。）His hobby is interesting.（作现在分词，interesting具形容词性，此句主语和表语不能倒过来讲。）2.不定式与分词的区别：不定式与分词作定语时的区别：The meeting held last week is very important.（过去分词held作定语，表示动作已完成）The meeting being held is very important.（现在分词被动式作定语，表示动作正在进行）The meeting to be held next week is very important.（不定式被动式“to be held”作定语，表示未来将发生的动作。）不定式与分词作状语时的区别：不定式一般可作原因、目的和结果状语，而分词可作时间、原因、条件、方式、让步、伴随等状语。但都需要注意句子的谓语动词与不定式、分词的逻辑主语的统一。 In order to catch the bus, he ran faster.He ran faster so as to catch the bus.（他跑得更快为了赶上汽车。）注意:in order to, so as to, in an effort to等表示目的，注意so as to只能放在句尾，而in order to句尾、句首都可放。 She is such a lovely girl as to be loved by everyone.（她如此可爱，受到每个人的喜爱。）He was too excited to say a word.（他太激动以至一句话也说不出。）soas to, suchas to, enough to, tooto等表示结果或程度。Watching the film, she was moved to tears.（时间状语）=When(While) she was watching the film, she was moved to tears.（当她看电影时，她被感动得流泪了。） Not having been there before, he got lost in the street.（原因状语）As he had not been there before, he got lost in the street.（由于没有来过这里，他在街上迷路了。）分词所作的时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等状语，可以该成各自的状语从句。注意：only+分词与only+不定式的区别“only+现在分词”的意思是结果只是；“only+不定式”意思是想不到、反而并没有料到的结果：He lifted a rock only to drop on his own foot. （他搬起石头，想不到砸了自己的脚。）He died, only leaving debts. （他死了，只留下一身债。）不定式与分词作宾补时的区别：不定式作宾补表示动作已经完成，强调动作发生过的这一事实，强调由此行动而产生的结果；而现在分词作宾补强调动作的过程即动作正在进行。I found him coming into the building.=I saw that he was coming into the building.（我看到他正在走进大楼。）I found him come into the building.=He came into the building, and I saw that. (我看到他走进大楼。)注意：如在句
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