初中动词的语态.doc

动词的语态 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者时为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者时为被动语态。注意：1）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老师逼我走出教室。- I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）. We saw him play football on the playground. 我们看见他在草场踢球。- He was seen to play football on the playground. 2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。例如： Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业需要的电。 12.1 let 的用法 1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。例如：They let the strange go.他们放陌生人走了。- The strange was let go.2）当let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。例如： The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那护士让我去探望住院的同学。 - I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital. 12.2 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。 12.3 表示据说或相信 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如： It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well known that 众所周知It is thought that大家认为It is suggested that据建议It is taken granted that 被视为当然It has been decided that 大家决定 It must be remember that 务必记住的是 12.4 不用被动语态的情况 1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。例如： After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。 比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 （错） The price has been risen. （对） The price has risen. （错） The accident was happened last week. （对） The accident happened last week. （错） The price has raised. （对） The price has been raised. （错） Please seat. （对） Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。 Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。 3） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：It sounds good. 听上去不错。 4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。 5） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如： （对） She likes to swim. （错） To swim is liked by her. 12.5 主动形式表示被动意义 1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如： The book sells well.这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如： I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。 Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。3） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如： The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。 This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。4）特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见/理解自己）等。例如： Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。 12.6 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等。例如：He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。He got married to a rich girl. 12.7 need/want/require/worth 当 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。例如： Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。 The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。典型例题The library needs_, but itll have to wait until Sunday.A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned答案A. need （实意） +n /to do，need （情态）+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be cleaned 则也为正确答案。 一、把下列句子变成被动语态。 1. She met her mother yesterday. 2. He will tell us a piece of good news. 3. Tom broke the window. 4. We must finish the work on time. 5. The postman brought me two letters.二、单项填空 1. In some countries, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is servingB. is served C. servesD. has served 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1949. A. have been taken placeB. took place C. have taken placeD. will take place 3. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry, _ already. A. it tookB. it takes C. it has been takenD. it will be taken 4. The letter _ three days ago and it _ yesterday. A. had post, had arrived B. was posted, arrived C. had been posted, was arrived D. posted; arrived 5. He told me that the final examination _ the next Thursday. A. is given B. will be givenC. would be given D. was given三、用所给单词组成句子。例:（the office / clean / yesterday ）The office was cleaned yesterday. 1.（the house / paint / last month）_ 2.（three people / injure / in the accident/last week）_ 3.（my bicycle / steal / a few days ago）_ 4.（when / this bridge / build? ）_ 5.（you / invite / to the party last week？）_被动语态专项练习一、选择题（215=30分）( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（120=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.Its said(据说) that the long bridge_（build）in two months 2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now 3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_（not find）so far 5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down 6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _ knives _ (make) of ? They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city? 16. The food _ (smell) delicious.17. Look! Someone _(dance). 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （130=30分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态） _ people _ tea in South China？ 2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year（同义句转换） A birthday present _ _ _ _by my parents every year 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)How_ _ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song _ _ _ by the children. 5. You neednt do it now. (改为被动语态) It _ _ _ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal _ _ _making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态) I _ _ _ _ that for him. 8.They are watching the football match.The football match _ _ _ by them.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态) _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago? 10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态) The light green dresses _ _ _ out. 11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)The game _ _ “Lianliankan” by us.四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (110=10分)The new bike _ _ _ _ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week _ your mobile phone _ _ _（是国产的吗）？ The whole mountain is _ _ (覆盖) the snow.五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）I have a lot of homework to be done tonight Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ Lei Fengs name remembered by all Chinese people The music is sounded beautiful. By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? Answers一、选择题（215=30分）1. B2. D3.A 4. C5. 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B15.A 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（120=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.will be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasnt been found 5. were cut 6.are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold 9.are made , are made 10. be taken 11.is cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 17 is dancing 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （130=30分）1.Do, grow 2. is given to me 3.soon is 4. will be sung5. neednt be done 6. is used for 7. was made to do 8. is being watched 9. was built 10. have been sold 11. is called四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (110=10分) was bought for me Is made in China covered with五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）be done改为 do listened改为 listened to remembered 改为 was remembered is sounded 改为sounds By who 改为 By whom