小学毕业生英语语法复习.doc

小学毕业生英语语法复习1.1四个“花费”你分清楚了吗一、spend的主语通常是人，句型有：1. (sb) spend some money/some time on sth2. (sb) spend some money/some time (in) doing sth例如：I spent fifty yuan on the coat. = I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。He spent three days on the work. = He spend three days (in) doing the work. 他干这项工作用了3天。3. spend money for sth. 花钱买例如：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。二、take常用于“占用、花费”时间，后面常跟双宾语，其主语通常为形式主语it或物。句型有：1. It takes/took sb. some time to do sth例如：It will take me two days to do the work. 这项工作将会花去我2天时间。2. Doing sth./sth. takes sb. some time.例如：The work will take me two days. 这项工作将会花去我2天时间。Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. =Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years. 画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。三、pay为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，句型有：1. sb. pays some money for sth例如： I paid fifty yuan for the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。2. pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买例如：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。3. pay money back 还钱例如：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。4. pay off ones money还清钱四、cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”。句型有：1. sth. costs (sb.) +money某物花了（某人）多少钱例如：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。2. (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +time 某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间例如：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。1.2 few, little, a few, a little(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点few / little为否定含义，没有多少了。He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。典型例题: Although he s wealthy，he spends_ on clothes. A. little B. fewC. a little D. a few 答案： A. spend所指的是钱，不可数，只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用little表示几乎不。固定搭配:only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many)many a (=many)Many books were sold.Many a book was sold. 卖出了许多书。1.3 do与to do一、出现以下词，用do填空：can , could, may, must, need, had better, why not, make, have to, lets, see, hear, watch, notice, Will ( Would ) you please?二、出现以下词，用to do 填空：would like, want, begin, start, hope, decide, ask, wish, have something to do, tell, take time, its time, remember, forget, learn, teach, try, stop, plan, adj./疑问词后，take ,allow, encourage, warn, Its +形容词to do something, discuss, know, refuse, invite , get order, like, offer, lend, make up ones mind to do, set ones mind to do, enough, need1.4 doing三、出现以下词，用doing 填空：finish, like, enjoy, mind, keep, be busy, there be, do some, go doing, prevent, be worth, spend, practice, feel like, thank somebody for doing something ,stop, excuse somebody for doing something, cant help, preferto,look forward tohate, mention, have fun doing,介词：at, in , on, of , from, for, about, with, without, ,make a contribution to, be used to, hear, see, watch, notice, listen,1.5基数词的特殊变化one-first ; two-second; three-third; five-fifth; eight-eighth; nine-ninth; twelve-twelfth; twenty-twentieth; twenty-one-twenty-first1.6代词的变化：主格宾格所有格(adj.)所有格（n.）反身代词I -me-my-mine-myselfyou-you-your-yours-yourselfhe-him-his-his-himselfshe-her-her-hers-herselfit-it-its-its- itselfwe-us-our-ours-ourselvesyou-you-your-yours-yourselvesthey-them-their-theirs-themselve1.7 表示天气的词1. sun-sunny 2. cloud-cloudy3. rain-rainy 4. wind-windy5. fog-foggy 6. mist-misty7. snow-snowy 8. shower-showery1.8 表示方向的词1. east-eastern-easterner(s) 2 south-southern-southerner(s) 3. west-western-westerner(s) 4. north-northern-northerner(s)1.9 国家-国家的（人）1.China-Chinese 2.Japan-Japanese3.Germany-German 4.Canada-Canadian5.Sweden-Swedish 6. Australia-stralian7. Italy-Italian 8. India-Indian9.France-French-renchman 10.America-American1.10词型转换（200个）1.work-worker2.vent-inventor（人）-invention（物)3. use-useful-used 4.teach-teacher5.conduct-conductor 6.care-careful-carefully7. play-player 8.visit-visitor9.careless-carelessly-carelessness10. clean-cleaner 11.inspect-inspector12 .wake-awake 13. speak-speaker14.piano-pianist 15 .sleep-asleep16.cook-cook（人）-cooker（物） 17.science-scientist18.miss-missing 19.dance-dancer20.art-artist 21.fish-fishing22. drive-driver 23.tour-tourist24.kind-kindness 25.farm-farmer26.joural-jouralist 27 .nature-natural28. mange-manger 29.library-librarian30.cover-discover 31. foreign-foreigner32.music-musician 33.feather-feathered 34 . help-helper36.busy-business-businessman 37.follow-following38.read-reader 39 .post-postman/postwoman40.enter-entrance 41. write-writer42.sit-seat 43.danger-dangerous44. run-runner 45.wool-woollen46.serve-service 47.win-winner48.lose-lost 49.pride-proud50. sing-singer 51.worry-worried52.collect-collection 53.swim-swimmer54.break-broken 55.produce-production56.sleep-sleeper 57.fill-filled-full58.contribute-contribution59.travel-traveller-traveling60.reward-rewarding 61.comfortcomfortable62.climb-climber 63.turn-turning64.instruct-instruction 65. keep-keeper66.fly-flight 67.pollutepollution68.strange-stranger69.please-pleased-pleasant-pleasure70.move-moving 71. wait-waiter72.know-knowledge 73.appear-appearance74.jump-jumper 75.meet-meeting76. disappear-disappearance77.speak-speaker 78.thank-thankful79.frighten-frightened 80. print-printer(物)81.noise-noisy-noisily 82. life-lifetime83.sell-seller 84.cross-across-crossing85.frustrate-frustrated86.dive-diver 87.ill-illness88.fire-fireplace 89.own-owner90.pain-painful 91.tradition-traditional92. explore-explorer 93thank-thankful94.decorate-decorator-decoration95.surf-surfer-surfing96.help-helpful 97 .confident-confidence98.help-helper 99.wonder-wonderful-wonderfully100.different-difference101. begin-beginner 102. colour-colourful103.importanrt-importance104.paint-painter105.beauty-beautiful-beautifully106.good-goodness107.rob-robber-robbery108.forget-forgetful 109.person-personal109.active-activity-actively110.congratulate-congratulation111.think-thought112.decide-decision 113.breathe-breath114.review-revision115.describe-description116.possible-impossible 117.late-later118.discuss-discussion119.celebrate-celebration 120.dry-drought 121.enjoy-enjoyable122.air-airport 123.lone-lonely 124.fun-funny125.live-lively-alive 126.train-training127.educate-education128.love-lovely 129.clear-clearly130.slow-slowly 131.exact-exactly 132.final-finally133.quick-quickly134.happy-happily 135.heavy-heavily136.near-nearly 137.real-really 138.sad-sadly-sadness139.quiet-quietly 140.silent-silently141.polite-politely 143.safe-safely-safety144.luck-lucky-luckily-unlucky145.usual-usually-unusual 146.health-healthy-healthily147.success-successful-successfully148.excite-excited-exciting149.interest-interested-interesting150.surprise-surprised-surprising151.amaze-amazed-amazing 152.bore-boring153.grate-grateful(近)thankful154.dark-darkness155.park-parking156.treat-treatment 157.cross-across-crossing158.boat-boating 159.salt-salty 160.home-homework161.house-housework163.check-check-out164.begin-beginning165.lie-lying166.die-dying 167.friend-friendly-friendship168.most-mostly169.die-dead-death 170.especial-especially171.fail-failure172.probable-probably 173.realize-realization174.rail-railway175.shy-shyly-shyness 176.space-spaceship177.high-highly-height178.one-first-once 179.two-second-twice180.bear-born-birth181.relax-relaxed 182.true-truly-truth183.name-named 184.call-called 185.bright-brightly186.sudden-suddenly187.direct-directly 188.wide-widely189.volley-volleyball190.foot-football 191.base-baseball192.give-given 193.harm-harmful 194.neat-neatly195.build-builder-building196.deep-deeply 197.correct-correctly198.hard-hardly 199.marry-married 200.mean-meaning1.11不规则形容词和副词比较级最高级：1.good-better-best 2.well-better-best 3.much-more-most 4.many-more-most 5.bad-worse-worst 6.badly-worse-worst7.ill-worse-worst 8.far-farther-farthest 9.old-older-oldest1.12 .stop to do sth. 和stop doing sth.1.“stop to do sth。” 表示停止做其它事情而去做“to do sth。”所表示的事情，可以将“to do sth。”理解成“stop”的目的状语；“stop doing sth。”表示不做“doing sth。”所表示的事情。例如： “Stop talking. Lets begin our class。” said the teacher. 老师说：“别说话了，让我们开始上课。”We have kept doing our homework for a long time. Lets stop to listen to music. 我们做家庭作业很长时间了，让我们停下来听听音乐。1.13.forget to do sth。和forget doing sth. (remember to do sth. 和remember doing sth。)“forget to do sth。”表示将来不要忘记做某事，谈的是未来的事情；“forget doing sth。”表示忘记过去应该做的事情。例如： “Dont forget to do your homework。” said the teacher before the class was over.老师在下课前说：“不要忘记做家庭作业。”“Im sorry. I forgot doing my homework. May I hand it in this afternoon, Mr. Chen?” said Li Ming.李明说：“对不起，我忘记做家庭作业了。我今天下午交好吗，陈老师？”1.14.have sth. done。(过去分词)(让别人)做某事例如：I had my hair cut yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午理了发。My computer can not work now. I must have it repaired. 我的电脑有故障了，我必须让人修好它。1.15. 感官动词后接不带to的不定式或者现在分词的区别1. 例如：see sb. do sth。看见某人(经常)做某事 和see sb. doing sth。看见某人(正在)做某事I often see him do exercise in the morning. 我经常在早晨看见他锻炼身体。When I was walking in the park, I saw him drawing a picture there. 当我在公园散步的时候，我看见他正在那里画画。2. 在主动语态中，感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch等)和使役动词(make, have, let等)要求接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，而在被动语态里，不定式要带上to。例如：The boss often made the workers work 10 hours a day.The workers were made to work 10 hours a day.She was heard to use strong language. 听说她骂人了。1.16.常用的几个和不定式有关的句型：Why not do sth? 为什么不做某事？It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人多长时间。It is/was +形容词+(for sb。) +to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)怎么样。1.17. 介词后面一般接动名词。同学们要特别注意介词to和不定式符号to的区别，例如下面的词组一定要记清：prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做不喜欢做look forward to doing sth. 期待/盼望做某事make a contribution to doing sth. 为做出贡献1.18. 现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别1. 现在分词含有正在进行的意思，而过去分词含有被动或者已经完成的意思，如：a developing country 发展中国家 a developed country 发达国家boiling water 正在沸腾的水(一般情况下水温为100) boiled water 开水(已经烧开的水，水温可以依然很高，也可以是凉白开)a boy named Jim 一个叫Jim的男孩2. 有些动词的现在分词和过去分词都具有形容词特征，但是它们的意思有区别。它们的-ing形式往往用来说明事物的特征；他们的-ed形式表示被动的意思，用来说明人的情况。I am interested in this interesting story. 我对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。I am moved at the moving sight. 我被这动人的情景感动了。They were amazed at the amazing facts. 他们对那些令人惊异的事实感到惊奇。1.19 下面是一些常见的固定表达1. 和to do 连用的固定搭配ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事be pleased /be glad to do sth。很高兴做某事cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事cant afford to do sth. 不能担负起干某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事do/try ones best to do sth。尽全力做某事do nothing to do sth. 对无能为力deserve to do sth. 值得干某事形容词/副词+enough to do sth. 足以做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事find + it + 形容词 +to do sth. 发现做某事get ready to do sth. 准备做某事go on to do sth. 继续做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事improve sth. to do sth. 改善/提高某物来干某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人干某事Its better to do sth. 干某事比较好Its time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了。like to do sth. 喜欢做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事love to do sth. 爱做某事learn to do sth. 学会做某事make ones mind to do sth. 下决心做某事make a list of five ways to do sth. 列出干某事的五种方式的清单need to do sth. 需要做某事plan to do sth. 计划干某事prefer to do sth.+ rather than do sth. 喜欢不喜欢refuse to do sth. 拒绝干某事remember to do 记得要去做某事The best time to do sth. is 干某事的最佳时间是stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事start/begin to do sth. 开始做某事seem to do sth. 似乎要做某事set ones mind to do sth. 一心要做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事tooto do sth. 太以致于不能try to do sth. 努力/试着去做think it nessary for sb. to do sth. 认为某人有必要干某事Theres no time to do sth. 没时间做某事teach sb. (how) to do sth. 教某人干某事used to do sth. 过去常常干某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事would love to do sth. 很愿意做某事would like (sb。) to do sth. 想让某人做某事want to do sth. 想做某事2. 和doing 连用的固定搭配watch sb. doing sth. 观看某人正在做stop doing sth. 停止做某事remember doing sth. 记得已做过某事try doing sth. 努力/试着去做like doing sth. 喜欢做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事go on doing sth. 继续做某事be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事be worth doing sth. 某事值得一做carry on doing sth. 继续做某事couldnt help doing sth. 忍不住做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人正在做某事finish doing sth. 完成某事feel like doing sth. 想做某事go hiking 远足give up doing sth. 放弃做某事have fun doing sth. 感到做某事很有乐趣have problems doing sth. 做某事遇到了很多问题hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事hate doing sth. 不喜欢做某事It is +形容词 +doing sth. 做某事keep on doing sth. /keep doing sth. 持续做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事make it possible by doing sth. 使做某事成为可能prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事practise doing sth. 练习做某事prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 宁愿做 也不做 喜欢做不喜欢做stop sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在干某事There be sb./sth. doing sth. 某地有某人或某物正在做某事Thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做了某事take an active part in doing sth. 积极参加做某事use sth. for doing sth. 用某物做某事 (be used to do sth。)What about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？without doing sth. 没有干某事work all night doing sth. 工作整晚做某事 3. 和 do 连用的固定搭配(不带to的原型)hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做过做某事 (sb. be heard to do sth。)watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做了某事have sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事had better + (not) do sth. 最好做(不做)某事let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 (sb. be made to do sth。)Why not do sth? 为何不做某事？1.20 in the morning；on the morning of 按英语的习惯用法，in the morning（afternoonevening）表示“在早上（下午）晚上”之意，而on the morning（afternoonevening）of则表示“在某个具体的一天的早上（下午晚上）”之意，试比较： 1）He often reads English and Chinese in the morning 他常在早上朗读英语和语文。 2）At 513 on the morning of April 18th，1906，the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake 1906年4月18日早晨5点13分，旧金山市发生了一次可怕的地震。1.21小升初英语必背重点句型11. allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事（后接动词不定式）My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.2. asked sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）My father asked me to study hard.He asked me not to swim alone.be asked to do sth 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.3. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事She is afraid to ask me questions.4. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事I am afraid of going out at night.5. be afraid of sth 害怕某物He is afraid of snakes.6. be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶He was amazed to meet the girl there.be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊讶they were amazed at the news.7. be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事（常考）I was busy washing my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。I am busy with my work.8. be coming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying（某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来）the bus is coming/the dog is dying.9. be excited to do sth 对做感到兴奋Jacky was excited to travel there by plane.be excited at sthLily was excited at his words.be excited about doing sthhe was excited about passing the exam without going overing books.10. be frightened to do sth 害怕去做某事Sam is frightened to ride a horse.11. be glad/happy to do sth 高兴去做某事she is happy to clean the blackboard with me.be pleased to do sth高兴做某事she was pleased to help the old man yesterday.be pleased with sth 对某事感到高兴/满意the teacher was pleased with my answer.12.be interested in sth/doing sth 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣she is interested in swimming in the river.My btother is interested in Chinese.13. be/get ready for/to do sthBe ready for sth 为某事做好了准备We are ready for the exam.Be ready to do sth 为做某事做好了准备We are ready to have a birthday party for her.get ready for sth为某事在做准备We are getting ready for the exam.get ready for sth 为做某事而做准备13. be sorry to do sth 对做某事感到抱歉be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊奇15. be worth doing sth 值得做某事（worth 后接动词-ing形式，常考）16. 开始去做某事begin to do sthbegin/start to do/doing sth17. can/be able to afford (to buy) sth 有能力购买（供）18. can/may/must do sth could/would/should/might do sth19. cant wait to do sth 迫不急待地去做某事20. decide to do sth 决定去做某事make up ones mind to do sth 下决心去做某事（常考）make a decision to do sth 对做某事作出决定 21. deserve to do sth 值得/应该做22. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人去做某事23. enjoy doing sth 乐意去做某事24. expect (sb) to do sth 期望去做某事25. fail to do sth 做某事失败succeed doing sth 成功做了某事26. finish doing sth 做完某事（后接动词-ing形式）（常考）27. follow sb to do sth 跟随某人去做某事28. 让某人做某事（后接动词原形）get sb to do sthmake sb do sthlet sb do sth29. get/have a chance to do sth 得到一个做某事的机会30. give/pass/show/lend/sell sb sth/sth to sbbuy/get/bring sb sth/sth for sb 31. go on to do sth 继续做事（常考）go on doing sth 继续做事（常考）32. hate to do/doing sth 讨厌/不喜欢做某事33. have fun doing sth34. have problems doing sth 做某事遇到困难35. 让某人做某事（后接动词原形） have sb do sth have sth done have sth to do 工有事要做36. hear sb do sth 听到某人做某事（后接动词原形，常考） hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事（常见）37. help to do sth 帮忙做某事 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事38. hope/wish to do sth 希望做某事 wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事39. I t seems that 这像是（后接从句） seem to do sth seem +adj40. Its + adj+(for sb) to do sth .Its+adj +(of sb) to do sthIts glad for him to hear the news.41. It takes sb some time/money to do sth . 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）42. pay for cost spendon. it take to do sth43. Its best for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的had better do sth 最好做某事（注意had没有时态和人称的变化，better后接动词原形）44. Its time for sb to do sth 是某人做某事的时候了45. keep (on)doing sth 坚持做某事（常考）keep sb doing sth 让某人做某事（常考）keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事（常考）keep sb/sth +adjkeep the book for 2 days 借这本书两天（不要用borrow或lend）46. learn to do sth 学做某事learn sth from sb 向某人学习47. like to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事like sb to do sth 喜欢某人做某事48. need to do sth 需要做某事need doing sth/to be doneneed sth neednt do sth49. prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿而不愿（常考）prefer doing sth to doing sth 喜欢做胜过做I prefer reading books to going shopping. 比起购物来，我更爱读书。prefer to do sth 喜欢（爱）做某事50. refuse to do sth 拒绝做 51.（常考）remember/forget to do sth 记得/忘记做某事remember/forget doing sth 记得/忘记做过某事52. see sb do sth 看见某人做某事（结果）see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（正在进行中）be seen to do sth 做某事被看见53. something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西（词不定式放在something等后修饰这些词）I need something to eat. 我要一些吃的东西。54. spend some time (in)doing sth /on sth 花费时间做某事（注意动词要用ing形式）（常考）spend some money on sth/doing sth 买花了多少钱55. Sth is hard/difficult/easy to do . 做好某事很难/容易56. stop to do sth 停下来去某事（两件事）（常考）stop doing sth 停止做某事 （一件事）（常考）stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事（常考）57. take turns to do sth 轮流做58. tell sb (not) to do sth 叫某人去（不要）做某事be told to