2013年高考英语语法专题考点复习教案形容词和副词.doc

2013年高考英语语法专题考点复习教案：形容词和副词教学目标：1. 复习高考英语形容词和副词的高考考点，精讲精练有关形容词和副词的常见考点。2. 帮助学生把握高考英语有关形容词和副词的考点和命题思路。教学方法：探究、演绎、归纳和精讲精练。教具：黑板和多媒体电脑。教学过程和步骤：一、高考有关形容词和副词考什么？近五年全国高考有关形容词和副词的考点分布规律形容词、副词辨析形容词、副词比较等级多个形容词的顺序及其他2008136620091652201020212011173120121441合计802011二、形容词和副词的句子成分功能（一）指出句子中的形容词（短语）充当何种句子成分1. Lucy is an excellent student.2. This is a valuable ancient Chinese vase.3. I came across a box full of old books yesterday.4. Most of the guests present at the party were his friends.5. Your hands feel very cold.6. He felt asleep while doing his homework.7. What he said made me very disappointed.8. He went home after working all day, tired and hungry.点拨：形容词可以充当定语，用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质和特征；形容词可以当表语、补语和状语，表示人或事物的状态。（二）指出句子中的副词（短语）充当何种句子成分1. She likes shopping on-line very much.2. The weather is extremely cold here.3. It was raining heavily when he went out.4. She sang so well that all her fans cheered.5. Luckily, nobody was injured in the accident.点拨：副词在句中主要作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或整个句子，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。三、形容词和副词的考点一类考点：形容词和副词的基本用法和辨析（一）高考改错1. Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car.2. We lived in a comfortably double room with a big bath.3. I was really disappointing and about to leave when he came out.4. I had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked face.5. I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back.6. It was clearly that things were not going well.点拨：高考短文改错中常考查形容词和副词的基本用法和辨析，主要涉及错用形容词修饰谓语动词、其他形容词或副词；错用副词当定语、表语、或宾补。（二）考点精解【考点一：形容词当表语】Surprisingly, they look somewhat _ in appearance though they are from different places.A. ashamed B. alike C. alive D. alone点拨：有的形容词一般只当表语：（1）表示健康状况的：well, unwell, ill（表“恶意、不好的”时刻当定语）, faint。（2）表示情感反应的：glad, sorry, fond。（3）以a开头的：afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, ashamed，但有的可作后置定语或补语。例如：Nobody alive can work out the problem.辨析：1.What do you think of Yuan Longping? He is one of the greatest scientists _ .A. live B. living C. alive D. lively2. The World Cup in France was the biggest _ football match in the world. A. alive B. live C. lively D. living 解：选B. alive为表语形容词，意为“活着的“，live可作定语，意为“实况转播的”符合题意，lively意为“生动的”，“活泼的”living意为“有生命的”.【考点二：形容词当状语】1. _，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.AShy and cautious BSensitive and thoughtfulCHonest and confidentDLighthearted and optimistic解析： 句意为：她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。本题考查形容词作伴随状语。shy and cautious 害羞的、小心的；sensitive and thoughtful 敏感的、多思的；honest and confident 诚实的、自信的。答案： D2When it was his turn to deliver his speech，_，he walked towards the microphone.Anervously and embarrassingly Bnervous and embarrassedlyCnervously and embarrassing Dnervous and embarrassed解析： 该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语，但也可作状语。如：He lay in bed，awake.再如：Her husband came back，drunk.答案： D点拨：形容词当状语时，表示主语的伴随情况或结果，相当于主语+系动词+形容词，所以此时不能用副词当状语。After the long journey，the three of them went back home，hungry and tired.经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。【考点三：以-ly结尾的形容词】In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks _ to people greeting him.A. friendly B. lively C. worried D. cold点拨：大部分形容词加-ly构成副词，但以下以-ly结尾的词是形容词： friendly，brotherly，yearly，timely，weekly ，可归纳为名词+ly构成；deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly本身为形容词。（错）She sang lovely.（对）She sang in a lovely way.（错）He spoke to me very friendly.（对）He spoke to me in a friendly way.【考点四：修饰整个句子的副词】_, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it.A. Hopefully B. Normally C. Thankfully D. Conveniently点拨：有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：luckily，unluckily，fortunately， unfortunately，sadly，happily，obviously，naturally，surprisingly，thankfully等。Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her.高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。【考点五：可当副词的连词】Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isnt it rather risky, _?A. though B. also C. either D. too点拨：有些连词还可以作副词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though，(ever)since，in case等。He is old. He works hard，though.Though he is old，he works hard.虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。She promised to come. I heard nothing, though.=Though she promised to come, I heard nothing.Take the umbrella with you, just in case.We have never heard from him ever since.【考点六：表示逻辑关系的副词】1Jim went to answer the phone. _，Harry started to prepare lunch.AHoweverB Nevertheless CBesidesDMeanwhile2. Progress so far has been very good. _, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Besides3. The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; _, it caused 20 deaths. A. or else B. therefore C. after all D. besides点拨：有些副词表示上下文两句之间的逻辑关系，起连接性作用。【考点七：固定搭配的形容词和副词】（一）1. 搭配特别的形容词和副词1. He was _ asleep. I tried waking him up but failed.A. quickly B. deeply C. deadly D. sound2. Mr. Smith used to smoke_ but he has given it up. A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly点拨：英语中有些形容词和副词与名词、动词、或另一形容词等的搭配与汉语不完全一样，如“大”雨，“浓”雾，交通“拥挤”，呼吸“困难”，等中的“大”“浓”“拥挤”，“困难”，英语中用heavy；汉语中说人口、人数“多少”，英语中却用large和small；汉语中说睡得“香”，英语中却说sleep soundly或be sound asleep等。（二）固定词组或句型中的副词1. Must I turn off the gas after cooking?Of course . You can never be _ careful with that. A. enough B. too C. so D. very2. I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. You can never be _ careful in the street. A. very B. quite C. far D. too3. You can never be _ careful when doing this job.A. much B. very C. so D. too点拨：can not/never 与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越越好，can not / never too + 形容词 =can never + 形容词 + enough。I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down.我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。You can never be too careful in the street. 在大街上你越仔细越好。【考点八：同形形容词和副词与同形形容词后加ly构成的副词】 It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _to her mother. A. close B. closelyC. closed D. closing点拨：指实际具体距离近，用与形容词同形的副词close，closely一般指抽象意义，表示“紧密地、严密地，仔细地”，如listen closely。The two matters are closely related to each other.其他：direct，directly； high, highly；firm, firmly；wide, widely；deep, deeply。二类考点：形容词和副词的比较等级考点精解【考点一：形容词和副词的原级（同级）比较】Believe it or not，swimming is _ as any to lose unwanted weight.Aa way as good Bas a good wayCas a way good Das good a way解析： 考查固定短语。as.as表示“和一样”，固定表达方式有“asadj./adv.as”与“asadj.a/ann.as”等。答案： D点拨：形容词和副词的原级（同级）比较句型有：1“as形容词/副词的原级as”与“not as/so形容词/副词的原级as”，表示两者在性质上或程度上相同与不同。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项工作不是像你想象的那么难。2“as形容词(a/an)名词as”；“as+many / much+（名词）+ as”，表示同级比较，注意形容词和名词的位置：第一个as后要先接形容词。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。除了asas可跟名词连用之外，too.to与sothat也可跟名词连用。【考点二：形容词和副词的比较级】1Of the two cameras，I would prefer _one，which is very easy for me to carry.A. a smaller Bthe smallest Ca small Dthe smaller解析： 考查形容词比较级。由of the two cameras 可知，总共有两台相机，其中“小的那台”，应该用比较级smaller，同时又是“确指”的概念，所以用the smaller，选D项。答案： D2. You are driving too fast. Can you drive_?A. more slowly a bit B. slowly a bit more C. a bit more slowly D. slowly more a bit点拨：1. 比较级的常见结构是：形容词 / 副词 + than。2. 比较级的常见修饰语有：much，still，even，far, rather, a great/good deal, a lot, lots, a good bit等，表示“得多”；any(用于否定句或疑问句) 表示“稍稍，一点”； some(肯定句及请求或建议的问句中)等。The students study even harder than before.学生们学习比以前更努力了。A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.汽车比自行车跑得快得多。Would you like some more chicken?3“the比较级of the two 名词”表示“两者中较的那个”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4“a形容词比较级名词”表示“一个、一次等更的”。After two years research，we have a far better understanding of the disease.研究两年之后，现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。Many young people went to big cities in search of a better life.为了寻找更美好的生活很多年轻人去了大城市。5. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。The more, the better.The more you practice, the better your English will be.The more haste, the less speed.6. “比较级+and+比较级”并列比较级表示“越来越”。The number of wild animals Is becoming smaller and smaller.【考点三：形容词和副词的最高级】（一）最高级的常见结构是 ：the+最高级。Shanghai is the largest city in China.Hainan Island is the second largest island in China.点拨：表示第一最高级直接用“the+最高级”。（二）最高级的修饰语Lijiang is _ the most beautiful place Ive ever been to.A. by far B. much C. a lot D. rather点拨：最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。（三）否定词比较级1. Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success?Yes，_！It couldnt be _.Arelatively；better Bapproximately；worseCabsolutely；better Dfortunately；worse解析： 本题考查副词和形容词在语境中的运用。relatively 相对地，比较地；approximately 大约；absolutely 当然是，绝对正确；fortunately 幸运地。根据语境知，第十一届全运会绝对是一个成功的盛会，没有比它更好的了，故C项正确。答案： C2. Your story is perfect; Ive never heard _before. A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one3. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _.A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice4. Did you enjoy yourself at the party? Yes. Ive never been to _one before. A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting5. Are you satisfied with her answer? Not at all. It couldnt have been _. A. worse B. so bad C. betterD. the worst6. Yao Ming is one of the most popular sports stars in the world. Absolutely! I cant agree with you _.A. the most B. more C. so much D. at all点拨：否定词比较级最高级。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你对他在会议上说的满意吗？No. It couldnt have been worse.不，不能再差了。【考点四：倍数表达法】1. When you study the local map，youll find this town is_.Atwice the size of that one Btwice as a large town as thatCtwice as larger as that one Dtwice as larger a town as that解析： 句意为：当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式：A is 倍数the名词(如size/length)of B；B项中不定冠词位置错误；C、D项中as后应用形容词原级。答案： A2Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks，but it cost _ his.Aas much twice as Btwice as much as Cmuch as twice as Das twice much as解析： 倍数表达法是形容词比较等级中一种很常用的比较级结构。不管用哪种比较级结构来表示比较，表示倍数的词总是放在比较级结构的最前面。答案： B3. My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice _expensive.Aas Bso Ctoo Dvery解析： 考查倍数表达法。这里的倍数是“twice”，由expensive这一原级可知，这里使用了“as.as.”这一比较结构，在具体的语境中，后面的一个as以及后面的成分可以承前省略，即这里expensive后面省略了as ours。答案： A4. What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is_ it is long. A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half as C. not half as wide as D .as wide as not half点拨：1. half，倍数，以及分数或有关长度、时间、重量等表示确定程度的修饰语，通常放在比较级前，或asas的第一个as前。He is three years older than me2.表示倍数的句型有： (1)A is倍数比较级thanB(2)A is倍数as原级asB(3)A is倍数the名词(size，length，height，width，depth 等)ofB(4)A is倍数thatofB(5)A is倍数what 引导的名词性从句This building is three times higher than that one.This building is three times as high as that one.This building is three times the height of that one.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。 The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.今年的产量是2008年的三倍。After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。三类考点：形容词和副词的语序考点精解【考点一：多个形容词当定语的排序】1. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _ car. A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white2. _ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese3. The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. A. little white wooden B. little wooden whiteC. white wooden little D. wooden white little点拨：多个形容词当定语排序口诀：限定描绘大长高；形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍出材料；作用类别往后靠。一言蔽之：“描大形新颜国材”，或“美小圆旧黄，法国木书房”。【考点二：副词在句中的位置】1. He was _ by his colleagues though he himself didnt think he had done anything special.A. little thought of B. thought poorly C. highly thought of D. thought high of2. _, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange3. If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places.A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough 4We only had $100 and that was _ to buy a new computer.Anowhere near enough Bnear enough nowhereCenough near nowhere Dnear nowhere enough解析： 句意为：我们只有100美元，离买台新电脑的钱还差得远呢。本题考查修饰词顺序。Not anywhere near 或nowhere near：far from，not at all远非，绝不是，为固定短语。答案： A5. _I went to the railway station to see my friend off.A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinnerC. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner解：quickly是表方式的副词，通常位于“动词(+宾语)”之后，故选C。点拨：副词的位置：1. 副词enough要放在所修饰的形容词之后。2. 频度副词always, usually, often, never等一般放在行为动词前，或情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。3. 方式副词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后；4. 同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其顺序一般为：方式地点时间。四、高考演练【2011全国卷,30】The form cannot be signed by anyone _ yourself.A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. better than【答案】B【考点】考查副词短语的辨义。【解析】句意为“这张表格只能由你本人签字。”rather than而不；other than除了，相当于but和except；more than不仅仅；better than比多、好。选B。【2011全国卷II,12】It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is _ another to play it well yourself.A. quite B. very C. rather D. much【答案】A【考点】考查程度副词的区别。【解析】句意为“欣赏好的音乐是一回事，但是自己把它演奏好完全是另一回事。”表示“很，非常”时，very用来修饰形容词、副词或分词形容词，much用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级、最高级，也可修饰形容词性的过去分词或描述性形容词的原级；quite和rather都可修饰名词，但rather多用于贬义；another指的是another thing，这个名词受quite的修饰。因此选A。【2011全国卷II,17】Mr. Stevenson is great to work for I really couldnt ask for a _ boss.A. better B. good C. best D. still better【答案】A【考点】考查比较级的否定用法。【解析】句意为“为Stevenson先生工作真好，我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。”否定词couldnt与better连用，表示“非常好”，等于最高级；still better不能用于否定句中。因此选A。【2011上海春招,28】Youd be exposed to a lot _ pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air.A. m oreB. mostC. lessD. least【答案】C【考点】考查形容词比较级的用法。【解析】句意为“如果我们搬到空气清新、水质纯净的小镇去，我们受到的污染将会少得多。”空格前的a lot修饰比较级more或less，根据后面的语意，选C。【2011江苏卷,25】In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _.AspecialBregionalCoptionalDoriginal【答案】C【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“在那所学校，英语是学生的必修课，而法语和俄语是选修课。”special特别的，特意的；regional地区的，地方的；optional可选择的；original原始的，最初的。句中由but进行转折，由此可知法语和俄语不是必修课而是可以选修，所以正确答案为C。【2011福建卷,30】Nowadays, there is a _ increase in childrens creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.A. sharp B. slight C. natural D. modest【答案】A【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“现在的孩子们在创造力上有很大的提高，因为他们被极力地鼓励着去发展他们的天赋。”sharp明显的，急剧的；slight轻微的，稍稍的；natural自然的，天生的；modest谦虚的，不过分的。因此选A。【2011安徽卷,31】_, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.A. Hopefully B. Normally C. Thankfully D. Conveniently【答案】C【考点】考查副词的辨义。【解析】句意为“庆幸的是，我终于打完了比赛，其中的辛苦没有白费。”hopefully充满希望地；normally正常地；thankfully庆幸地；conveniently方便地。根据句意，选C。【2011浙江卷,9】The professor could tell by the _look in Marias eyes that she didnt understand a single word of his lecture A. cold B. blank C. innocent D. fresh【答案】B【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“根据Maria茫然的眼神，这位教授能够看出她对他所讲的内容连一个字也没有听懂。”cold冰冷的；blank空虚的，茫然的；innocent无辜的；fresh新鲜的。根据后面didnt understand，选B。【2011浙江卷,13】Ive been writing this report_ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.A. finally B. immediately C. occasionally D. certainly【答案】C【考点】考查副词的辨义。【解析】句意为“在过去的两周里，我是时续时断地写这个报告，可是这个报告明天就得交了。”fi nally最终地；immediately立即，马上；occasionally偶尔地；certainly肯定地。根据but it has to be handed in tomorrow句意，选C。【2011浙江卷,16】My schedule is very _right now, but Ill try to fit you in. A. tight B. short C. regular D. flexible【答案】A【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“现在，我的计划很紧凑，但我会尽力把你安排进去。”tight (安排)紧凑的, 紧密的；short简短的，短缺的, 不够；regular有规律的, 定期的，符合规定的；flexible柔韧的，灵活的，可变通的。【2011四川卷,12】How are your recent trip to Sichuan? Ive never had _ one before.A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant【答案】B【考点】考查比较级的否定用法。【解析】句意为“最近你到四川的旅行怎么样？从来没有这么愉快过。”否定词never与a more pleasant连用，表示“非常愉快”，等于最高级。the most pleasant是特指，需要有比较的范围，但是这个范围并不存在。因此选B。【2011陕西卷,17】The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be the present one。 A. as three times big as B. three times as big asC. as big as three times D. as big three times as【答案】B【考点】考查倍数的表达法。【解析】句意为“为下一届亚运会而修建的体育馆将会是目前的体育馆三倍大小。”表示倍数的词做修饰语时，放在as的前面，即“倍数 + as + adj + as”， 因此选B。【2011湖北卷,23】The old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was_，though slow.A. shaky B. heavy C. casual D. steady【答案】D【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“这位年长的工程师，古铜色的脸上布满皱纹，但目光炯炯。当他走过房间时，步子虽慢但是沉稳。”shaky颤抖的；heavy沉重的；casual漠不关心的，冷淡的；steady稳定的。根据前面的交代，选D。【2011湖北卷,24】An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons characters; however, they are not always_,A. practical B. avoidable C. permanent D. beneficial【答案】C【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“不幸的童年可能会对人的性格产生一些消极的影响；然而，这些影响不总 是持久的。”practical实际的，实用的；avoidable可避免的；permanent永久的，持久的；beneficial有益的。根据语意，选择C。【2011湖北卷,25】The state-run company is required to make its accounts as_ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.A. transparent B. reasonable C. secure D. formal【答案】A【考点】考查形容词的辨义。【解析】句意为“这家国营企业被要求财务尽可能做到透明，以便公司的员工能对金钱的使用加以监督。”transparent透明的；reasonable合理的；secure安全的；formal正式的。根据句意，选A。【2011江西卷24】The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.Why? Its _ than the films I have ever seen.A. far more interesting B. much less interestingC. no more interesting D. any less interesting【答案】A【考点】考察形容词比较级。【解析】句意为“我得说，这部电影一点都不令人感兴趣。什么？这可比我看过的电影有趣得多了。”程度副词可修饰形容词比较级，放于比较级前。根据应答者用“Why?”进行的反问，选A。【2011江西卷33】She has already tried her best. Please dont be too _ about her job.A. special B. responsible C. unusual D. particular【答案】D【考点】考察形容词的固定搭配。【解析】句意为“她已经尽了最大的努力。请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。”be particular about 对挑剔，是固定搭配。选D。补充：一、live，lively，living，alive的用法区别发布时间：2010-03-26 浏览人数：169 本文编辑：高考学习live做形容词时，表示“现场的；活着的”，可以做前置定语；lively 表示“生动的，活泼的”，可以做定语、表语或宾补；living 表示“活着的”，可以作表语或前置定语；alive 表示“活着的”，可以做表语、后置定语或补足语.1. The bear was caught .A. live B. lively C. living D. alive解：答案选D. live做形容词时，表示“现场的；活着的”，可以做前置定语；lively 表示“生动的，活泼的”，可以做定语、表语或宾补；living 表示“活着的”，可以作表语或前置定语；al