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名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，名词从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1 主语从句1.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether, if和连接代词what, who, which, whatever,whoever以及连接副词how, when, where, why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用。连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。主语从句要求使用陈述句语序。 What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. How he was successful is still a puzzle. That he is going aboard made him excited. Where the English party will be held has not yet been announced.注：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。 It is interesting that you like him. It is a pity that you can not go to the party tonight.2. 连接词的选用（1）that和what的选用 that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作 从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。 What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。（2）if和whether的选用 引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如： Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. （3）其它连接代词和副词的选用 根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词 既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如： When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference.（4）whatever / whoever的功用whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever =no matter what= anything that; whoever = no matter who=anyone who. Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. 二宾语从句 名词用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以做谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式语体中通常可以省略，但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.注：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist、request、desire、command等表示要求，命令，建议，决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.2. 用who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why，how，whoever，whatever，whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句时，注意语序是陈述语序。 I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support.3. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主语动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。 I know (that) he will study English next year.(从句用一般现在时） 当主句动词是过去时态（could、would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理自然现象，则从句仍然用现在时。 The teacher told me that Tom had left us for America. The teacher told me that the earth goes around the sun.4. think, believe, imagine, suppose, expect等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，注意否定转移。 We dont think you are here. I dont believe he will do so. 三表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if 引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。 The fact is that we have lost the game. Thats just what I want. This is where our problem lies. It looks as if it is going to rain.注：当主语是reason时表语从句要用that引导而不是because. The reason why he was late was that he missed the train.四同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导。 The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship.Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我们相信张卫会守信的。五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别 That 作为关系代词可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省。试比较下面两句话。 I have no idea that you were here.(that 引导同位语从句，不可省） I have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in accident Greece.(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省）选择：1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It2. _ what they told me really true?A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have3. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that4._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 5. -Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came by car.A. how B. when C. that D. If6. Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. should we do what7. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited8. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A. that B. when C. where D. Whether9.Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature taken. A. they had had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had10. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road. A. how B. why C. that D. When11. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? (1999) A. why B. when C. what D. where 12. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 13. The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A. when B. why C. whether D. that 14. .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella _I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how 15. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. A. when B. which C. where D. What16. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. Why17. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it 18. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ 19. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 20. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. That答案：1-5DBABA 6-10CBDAC 11-15AADCD 16-20ABABD
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