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第29课时 写作中高级词汇和短语的使用辅导科目：英语 年 级： 学科教师： 课 时 数： 授课类型T C T写作中高级词汇和短语的使用教学目标1、了解高考写作的特点和要求。2、掌握写作中的高级词汇和短语并学会使用。星级授课日期及时段教学内容T-写作中高级词汇和短语的使用（建议2-5分钟）Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.由此改写引出写作中高级词汇和短语的使用的主题。（建议20-25分钟） 写作中高级词汇和短语的使用用法分类详解一、考点扫描 关于安徽高考英语写作的评分标准第五档(2125分)中有这样一段话:应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。这就是说,学生仅运用基础的词汇和基本的句型,不能体现出较强的语言运用能力,即使表达无语法错误,也不能得高分;相反有些错误,目的在有意识地使用复杂结构或较高级词汇,也不扣分,仍属于最高档次。高考把写作要求提到了这样一个高度,有利于反映学生的水平层次,有利于指导教学。因此要求考生在语言上做到准确和得体的同时，注重上、下文连贯和表达方式的多样化。新的评分标准提倡考生使用高级词汇和复杂句式，运用过渡性词语增强文章的连贯性。因此，运用高级词汇和复杂句式，运用过渡性词语是写作得高分的重要手段。二、用法详解1、使用高级词汇使用高级词汇并不是用偏词、难词，而是一些运用得体的习惯表达方式。像access, available, annoyed, appealing, charming, cute, confused, contact, challenging, considerably, consequently, demanding, essential, exceptional, fascinated, locate, participate, quit, significant, schedule, terrific, 等单词，均可视作高级词汇。1）用短语代替单词典型例题 I have made up my mind to study English better this term. (同义词：decide)典型例题 I have no idea how to enlarge my vocabulary. (同义词：dont know)典型例题 A burning cigarette end resulted in/led to the big fire. (同义词：cause)典型例题 Since my childhood I have been fond of music. (同义词：like)典型例题 We will take the matter into account(consideration). (同义词：consider)2）善用小词在写作中巧用、活用某些小词，常常会起到画龙点睛、四两拨千斤的作用。典型例题2005 saw the successful launch of Shenzhou VI in China.（动词see）典型例题At the news of his death I was shocked. (名词词组at the news of)典型例题No one can enter the office without permission. 典型例题They returned home, safe and sound. (形容词做状语)3）巧用习语（idiom）英语中有大量习语，如果运用得当，则可大大增加文章的感染力,在平时的学习过程中不断积累。典型例题What she explained doesnt hold water. 她的解释站不住脚。典型例题Many families struggle to make ends meet. 很多家庭只能勉强维持生计。典型例题I dont know why she is always in low spirits. 我不知道她为什么总是情绪低落。典型例题He turned a deaf ear to what I said. 他对我的话一点也听不进去。典型例题This sentence doesnt make sense. 这个句子讲不通。2、使用复合句复合句可以把结构松散的句子连接起来。高考写作中用到的复合句包括下列几种：1） 定语从句典型例题The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般)The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高级)2） 状语从句典型例题After I enter college, I plan to set new goals in my study and improve my way of learning.3）名词性从句典型例题 Xiao Ming was always late for school. His teacher didnt know why. His teacher didnt know why Xiao Ming was always late for school.3、使用惯用句型1）强调句典型例题He didnt finish his task until midnight.It was not until midnight that he finished his task.3） 倒装句典型例题I was not able to see him again until he came back from abroad.Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again.3）分词短语、由with或without引导的短语典型例题The driver escaped and didnt stop; he left the old man lying on the road. The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road. 典型例题We sang and danced. We told jokes and stories. We had a good time.We had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and stories.典型例题My father sat in the sofa. He was smoking and reading a newspaper.My father was smoking in the sofa with a newspaper in his hand4） 被动句典型例题We will hold the party on Saturday afternoon.The party will be held on Saturday afternoon.4、适当运用过渡手段过渡词语（也称为衔接词）能起到连接句与句或段与段的中间媒介作用，如果使用恰当，就能增强文章的连贯性，使整篇文章顺畅自然，严密紧凑。1） 表示起始的过渡词语first of all, above all, to begin with, in my opinion, according to, as far as等2）表示时间的过渡词语first ,then, later, meanwhile, at last, in the end, finally, after that, since then, for the first time, as soon as, the next moment等3）表示空间的过渡词语near, next to, far from, on the left, to the right of, on one side ofon the ether side of, at the foot/top/end of, in the middle of4）表示因果的过渡词语so, thus, therefore, as a result (of),because of, thanks to5）表示转折的过渡词语but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, in spite of, in fact等6）表示列举的过渡词语like, unlike, for example, takeas an example, such as, that is, as follows, in other words, and so on7）表示递进的过渡词语still, also, besides, moreover, whats more, further more, on one handon the other hand, in addition, as well, not onlybut also8）表示总结的过渡词语in a word, in short, in brief, in general, on the whole, to sum up（建议5-10分钟）一、按要求改写下列句子。 1) English is widely used in the world. Most business letters are written in English. (合并为并列句) English is widely used in the world and most business letters are written in English. 2) People thought of some ways to solve the problem. These solutions didnt work. (合并为并列句) People thought of some ways to solve the problem but these solutions didnt work.3) I suggest that you visit the Great Wall. It has a history of more than two thousand years. (合并为定语从句) I suggest that you visit the Great Wall, which has a history of more than two thousand years.4） July 11 has been named the Sailing Day in our country since 2005. Zheng He began his famous voyage on July 11. (合并为定语从句) July 11, when Zheng He began his famous voyage, has been named the Sailing Day in our country since 2005. 5) I will not be able to meet you at the airport. I have some experiments to do that day.(合并为状语从句) I will not be able to meet you at the airport because I have some experiments to do that day.6）The problem was complicated. He solved it in only two hours with a computer. (合并为状语从句) Though the problem is complicated, he solved it in only two hours with a computer.7) In the past five years, there have been changes in peoples diet. It is a fact.(合并为名词性从句) It is a fact that in the past five years, there have been changes in peoples diet.8) The weather was fine. We went to visit the ZhongShan Park. (独立主格结构) The weather being fine, we went to visit the ZhongShan Park.9) You should never give up when you are faced with difficulties. (非谓语+倒装句) Never should you give up when faced with difficulties.10) When a man and a woman meet, the woman first offers her hand. (改为强调句) When a man and a woman meet, it is the woman who first offers her hand.11) 众所周知, 吸烟危害健康。（一句多译）a. It is known to all that smoking does harm to peoples health.b. As is known to all, smoking harms peoples health.c. Everyone knows that smoking is harmful to peoples health.二、完成句子1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable._,our journey was comfortable.2.We all think he is a great man.We all _3.Suddenly I thought out a good idea. _4.The students there neednt pay for their books. _.5. As a result the plan was a failure._6. When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow._, she went pale with sorrow.7. She went to Austria in order to study music. She went to Austria_8. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited_9. In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms._.10.You can find my house easily. _ 11 When he arrives, please give me an e-mail._12. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）_13. Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒装句)_14. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型) _ 15. I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虚拟语气）_ 16. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (使用过去分词)_17. They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式)_18.I wont believe what he says. （使用状语从句）_ 19.If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （用并列句）_20He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒装句)_三、基础写作某报设有一个求助信箱，请根据以下表中列出的信息，以高三学生李华的名义给Mr. Helper写一封英文短信。信的开头和结尾已写好，不计入五句话。高三学生现状负担过重的原因每天在校时间10小时1. 面临高考2. 家长期望高每天作业时间3-4小时每天娱乐时间几乎没有每天睡眠时间不足Dear Mr. Helper, Im a senior 3 student. I am now in great need of your help because I can hardly stand the great pressure._ I am looking forward to your advice. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 写作步骤：第1步 审题体裁格式写信内容描写高三现状人称、时态第一人称、一般现在时信息点的整合和排列6项第2步 整合信息, 译成英语。1) 每天在校时间约10小时。每天完成作业时间34小时。 Every day we stay at school for about ten hours to have lessons. We spend at least three to four hours doing our homework.2) 每天几乎没有时间娱乐、消遣。 a. We hardly have any time for relaxation. b. Hardly can we find any time to do what we want.3) 每天睡眠时间不足，不利于健康。 a. We dont have enough time to sleep, which does harm to our health. b. We suffer from lack of sleep, which, in the long run, is not good for our health.4) 负担过重的原因是面临高考。a. The main cause of our heavy burden is the pressure from the college entrance examination.b. The reason why we are carrying such a heavy burden is that we are facing the collegeentrance examination.5) 父母对我们的期望很高。 a. Our parents expect too much of us. b. Our parents have high expectations of us.第3步 连句成篇Dear Mr. Helper, Im a senior 3 student. I am now in great need of your help because I can hardly stand the great pressure. Every day we stay at school for about ten hours to have lessons _ spend at least three to four hours doing our homework. _, hardly can we find any time to do what we want. _, We suffer from lack of sleep, which, in the long run, is not good for our health. The reason why we are carrying such a heavy burden is that we are getting the pressure from the college entrance examination. _, Our parents have high expectations of us. I am looking forward to your advice. Yours sincerely Li Hua Keys: and; As a result; Whats worse; In addition; score:_ （建议2-5分钟）回顾与自我总结学习法批注：第一步采用回顾学习法，让学生自己回忆在本模块学到了哪些知识点；鼓励学生自己梳理课堂思路和知识点，实在想不起来的再翻阅讲解的内容。第二步是通过所作的练习总结，即根据“斩妖除魔”环节， 引导学生自行总结并有意识地使用写作中的高级词汇和短语。附：高中英语常用的重要句型1. It was not until midnight that he finished his task.2. Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again.3. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.4. He walked around the house, gun in hand.5. May you be in good health!6. Wish you a pleasant journey back home!7. The professor was a humorous man with big nose and deep-set eyes.8. What surprised me most was his imagination and patience.9. He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his head.10. Sitting under the tree are Mr. Green and his first teacher.11. On the wall hang two pictures of famous scientists.12. Looking back upon those past years, he couldnt help feeling very proud.13. No sooner(Hardly) had he arrived at the theatre than(when) the play started.14. Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics.15. How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields!16. There stands a beautiful vase in the corner of the room.17. Ten miles north of the town lies a paper factory.18. There goes the bell.19. Nowhere has the world ever seen such a bird as here.20. It is no use crying for help.21. If only I had been your student in the middle school!22. It is believed that such a thing will not happen again.23. Only when he explained did I realize the reason for this.24. “He works particularly hard.” “So he does, and so do you.”25. Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.26. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements.
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