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高中英语：主谓一致知识总结归纳一、概念：主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则。二、主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。（一）、语法一致：主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。e.g. I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other.不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语, 谓语动词用复数。1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：The worker and writer _is_(be) from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家 The worker and the writer _are_ (be) from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家 The secretary and monitor _was_ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： My brother and I have both seen that film. Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式,这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。例： The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life. War and peace is a constant theme in history. One more knife and fork is needed.Bread and butter is our daily food. Law and order has been established.（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句： Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt. No sound and no voice is heard. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. Every minute and every second is precious.2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句： Reading is a great pleasure in life. To live means to create. That we need more time is obvious. What is needed is food and medicine.3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。例句： Three thousand miles is a long distance. Eight hours of sleep is enough. Ten dollars is enough for him.Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried4. 不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句： Is anybody going to tell him the news ? Someone wants to see you.Anybody who _ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. 5.倒装句中的语法一致Two pictures _ on the wall, which attract many people.On the wall _ two pictures, which attract many people.Their teacher _ among the students, who is in her thirties.Among the students _ their teacher, who is in her thirties.（二）就近原则1、由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例句：. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather. George or Tom is wanted.2、注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。例句：. There arent any letters in the mail for you today. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.3、名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句：. All but one were here just now. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. You as well as I are wrong.（三）意义一致1. 代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定例句：（1）All hope has gone.（2）All are agreed on this point.（3）Is there any milk in the fridge? No, there is none.（4）None has returned from the meeting.2. 集合名词group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew等名词等作主语时,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式. 例句The army is going to remain in this town. The army have rescued the travelers.His family _very large. His family _music lovers.The group _ made up of nine students. The group_ dancing happily注意：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义，谓语动词永远复数。people 民族（可数名词，peoples)3. 限定词短语all of; none of; a lot of; 以及分数/百分数+of .修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。例句：（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.（2）I dont think any of us wants to work tomorrow.（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.4、代词作主语Neither dog _ big. ( A. is B. are ) Neither of them _ big. ( A. is B. are )Neither rabbit _ handsome. ( A. is B. are )Neither of the rabbits _ handsome. ( A. is B. are )（neither + 单数名词 谓语动词用单数； noneneither of +可数名词 谓语动词用单数或复数；none of+不可数名词 谓语动词用单数） 1）.None of these people _ doctors. A. has B. have C. are D. was 2）Neither of them _ a good singer. A. was B. is C. were D. is used to be3）.Neither of us _ (was/were) ready when the party began.4）. None of them _ (has/have) watched the talk show.5、主语是单复数同形的名词deer, sheep, fish鱼,series系列, species物种, means手段, works工厂, aircraft飞行器, ect.时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。Eg: 1.) A new means has been used .2.) Many means have not come into effect.6、theadj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等the+ adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如the beautiful, the good等。如，1 The old _ taken good care of in our society.2 The rich _ for the decision but the poor are against it.3 The wounded _ a young boy.4 The beautiful _not always the same as the good. 5 The new_ sure to replace the old.难点突破1. 主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。2. one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。 the only one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。例句：Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.【典型例题】例1 E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play分析：带有as well as 短语的名词做主语时，谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致，不受as well as 短语内容的影响。E-mail是单数形式，故选择A。例2 Either John or his friends _ to blame for the bad results.A. areB. isC. wasD. has been分析：eitheror.连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致，本题中his friends 决定了谓语动词的形式，故选择A。例3 The conductor and composer _ by a crowd of people.A. are greetedB. is greetedC. greetsD. have been greeted分析：根据句意，主语部分的The conductor and composer 是指一个人即：乐队指挥兼作曲家， 所以主语的内容是单数形式，故选择B。例4 The trousers _ you well, madam.But the colour _ me. A. fit; dont suit B. fits; doesnt suit C. fits; dont suit D. fit; doesnt suit分析：trousers, clothes, glasses,等名词本身就是复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。Colour 是单数，谓语用单数，故选择D。例5 The Smiths family, which _ rather a large one, _ very fond of their old house.A. were; wereB. was; wereC. were; wasD. was; was分析：family指“家庭”为单数，指“家庭成员”为复数形式。第一空格前的which 指“家庭” 谓语用was. 第二空格后的fond of指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子” 谓语为were，故选择B。例6 He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. areC. have beenD. has been分析：当定语从句先行词是“one of +复数形式”时， 其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式。而当one之前有the only时， 定语从句则强调the only one，谓语动词用单数。另外，题目中的时间状语for three years表明从句的时态为现在完成时，故选择D。例7 Three fifths of the police _ in the school near the town.A. has trainedB. have trained C. has been trained D. have been trained分析：分数+名词做主语时，谓语动词的形式由分数所指的名词的形式（可数名词或不可数名词）决定，police 是集合名词为复数形式，根据句子意思，police 与train 为被动关系，应用被动语态，故选择D。短文改错片段：1. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.分析：本句中主语Now my picture and the prize是复数形式，谓语动词is应改为are.2. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once.分析：本句第一行，根据全篇内容的语境，应当是一般现在时，所以谓语动词talked改为talk.第二行：根据句意：我们下课后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger应当与主语we一致，改为复数形式，strangers.3. But not all information are good to society.分析：主语information是不可数名词，are应改为is【模拟试题】1. Is there anybody in the classroom ?No, the teacher, together with the students _ to the playground.A. goB. went C. has goneD. have gone2. Are these your sheep ?No. Mine _ on grass at the foot of the hill.A. are feedingB. feedC. is fedD. is feeding3. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _ a very shy girl with two bright eyes.A. wasB. are C. were D. there was4. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _ going to Japan next week.A. are B. isC. will beD. would be5. Not the teacher but the students _ excited.A. is B. hasC. are D. have6. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you.A. areB. wasC. is D. were7. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is
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