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“主谓一致”的典型误区归纳在初中英语的学习中，很多时候会犯一些主谓一致的错误，句子的核心是谓语动词，谓语动词的确定取决于主语。根据句子含义和结构认准主语是掌握主谓一致的必要条件；弄清主谓一致的语言规则和习惯是掌握主谓一致的充分条件，要正确使用主谓一致，两个条件缺一不可，但同学们往往会走入以下三个典型的误区。 误区一 误认主语 1. 倒装句 Between the two buildings are a big tree. （） Between the two buildings is a big tree. （） 【解析】 第句谓语动词使用are，错误地认为the two buildings是该句的主语，但实际上是介词between的宾语，一起构成介词短语，而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句，真正主语是a big tree。因此第句正确。 特别提醒 倒装句的常见结构：副词/介词短语+谓语+主语 2. 主语之后带有介词短语 The fruit like apples , oranges are good for our health. （） The fruit like apples , oranges is good for our health. （） 【解析】 第句误认为apples , oranges是主语，因此谓语动词用are，而实际上the fruit才是该句的主语，like apples , oranges是介词短语作后置定语修饰the fruit。该句译为“像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第句是正确的。 特别提醒 类似的结构有：主语+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ，谓语动词应与主语一致，而与介词短语之后的名词无关。 3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词 There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. （） There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. （） 【解析】 one of the boys的中心词是one，因此谓语动词用单数，造成第句错误的原因主要是把the boys当成了该句的主语。 4. 定语从句 I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. （） I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. （） 【解析】 which were taken in Beijing是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词the photos，而which本身就代替先行词the photos。因此谓语动词要用复数，造成第句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质，只是从形式上看它是单数。 特别提醒 定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。 误区二 被主语的表象迷惑 1. 看似复数却表单数概念 Maths are my favourite subject. （） Maths is my favourite subject. （） 【解析】 maths本身是一个以“s”结尾的单词，而不是一个复数名词，表示单数概念“数学”这一学科，因此第句正确。 类似的有：physics , news , politics . . . 2. 看似单数却表复数概念 The police is searching for the robbers. （） The police are searching for the robbers. （） 【解析】 the police译为“警方”，表示复数概念，而不是表示“那个警察”，因此第句正确，类似的词有：people , the + 形容词，the + 姓 + family等均表复数概念。 3. 名词的单复数同形 There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? （） There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? （） 【解析】 sheep是一个单复数形式相同的名词，由于sheep之前用的a little修饰，加上Can you see it中的it指代单数，因此a little sheep译为“一只小绵羊”，因此第句正确。如果将原题改为：There _ （be） a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them?那又会怎么样呢。 特别提醒 类似的单复数形式相同的词还有fish, Chinese, Japanese等，要根据句子的含义和结构暗示来判断其单复数。 4. 集合名词 Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. （） Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. （） 【解析】 family是一个集合名词，表示整体概念时谓语用单数，表示个体概念时谓语用复数。该句译为“他们全家很幸福，现在全家人正在看电视”。因此第一个family表示整体概念，译为“家庭”，第二个family表示个体概念，译为“家人”，第句正确。 特别提醒 类似的还有group, class, team等既可表单数也可表复数。 误区三 误用语言规则 1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词作主语 Ten years are quite a long time. （） Ten years is quite a long time. （） 【解析】 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词的复数作主语时看作一个整体，谓语动词要用单数，容易错误理解为复数而出现第句的错误。 2. 由and连接的并列主语 The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. （） The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. （） 【解析】 the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念，译为“第20课即最后一课”，因此谓语动词应该用单数。同学们容易错误理解“第20课和最后一课”，如果表示两课，应该表达为“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。 特别提醒 由and连接的并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，表示不同的概念时谓语动词用复数。 3. 就近原则 Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. （） Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. （） 【解析】 neither . . . nor连接的并列主语（you , he）虽然表示两个人，但根据语言规则，当它连接并列主语的时候，谓语动词根据就近原则，该由he决定，因此第句正确。 特别提醒 类似的还有either . . . or, not only . . . but also, not . . . but, 以及there be之后的并列主语，谓语动词的确定都根据“就近原则”。 4. this kind of, a piece of, this pair of等短语作主语 This pair of trousers are very new, but Toms trousers are very old. （） This pair of trousers is very new, but Toms trousers are very old. （） 【解析】 trousers作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它被this pair of修饰时谓语动词由pair的单复数确定。因此第句正确。 特别提醒 this kind of, a piece of, a bag of, a box of等，这类短语作主语时谓语动词的单复数由这些短语中的名词决定，而与它们所修饰的名词无关。 5. the rest of，half of等短语作主语 Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. （） Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. （） 【解析】 根据句意和句子结构可以判断the rest of it中的it，指the work，而work是不可数名词，因此第句正确。 特别提醒 all of, most of, half of, the rest of，以及a lot of, some, any+名词作主语时，要根据后面的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。 6. 一句话提示 合成不定代词（如something，anybody等）作主语，谓语动词用单数； 动名词、不定式、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数； a number of + 名词（复）作主语，谓语用复数，the number of + 名词（复）作主语，谓语用单数； none of . . . 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。 金题精练 根据句意，从所给出的选项中选出最佳答案。 1. The news _ very worth listening to. A. be B. is C. are D. am 2. _ this pair of glasses yours? No. My glasses _ on the desk. A. Is, is B. Are, is C. Is, are D. Are, are 3. The old _ taken good care of in China now. A. was B. are C. is D. were 4. Nobody except the twins _ to Hongkong before. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 5. Whats on the plate? There _ some rice on it. A. is B. are C. has D. have 6. Five years _ since we met last. A. have passed B. has past C. has passed D. have pasted 7. Here _ some flowers for you. A. is B. are C. has D. have 8. There _ a number of teachers, but the number of women teachers _ only thirty. A. are, are B. are, is C. is, are D. is, is 9. Not only my uncle but also my parents _ I am right. A. think B. thank C. thinks D. are thinking 10. Doing morning exercises _ good for our health. A. be B. are C. is D. am 11. Everyone likes people who _ ready to help others. A. is B. are C. being D. was 12. The Smith family _ making dumplings in the kitchen. A. is B. are C. has been D. can 13. One third of the population in our city _ farmers in the past. A. are B. were C. is D. was 14. The headmaster and the teacher _ coming to us now. A. are B. is C. will D. am 15. Tom as well as his friends _ skating every Saturday. A. are B. is C. go D. goes （Keys： 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D） 第 - 6 - 页 共 6 页
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