初高中英语衔接二名词词类复习.doc

初高中英语衔接(二)词类复习一、了解英语词性知识【学生活动】朗读下列短文并试着说出短文中每个单词的词性。Dr. Bird has run the hospital for 12 years , and he has saved the lives of many pets. Dr. Bird says that there will soon be many more traveling hospitals to help sick or injured animals.【学生归纳】英语中常见的词性有：_二、了解词类（parts of speech）知识【学生活动】从上文中找出相应的单词完成下列空格。1. 名词（noun，缩写为n.）是人和事物的名称， _2. 代词（pronoun，缩写为pron.）是用来代替名词的词， _3. 形容词（adjective，缩写为adj.）用来修饰名词， _4. 动词（verb，缩写为v.）表示动作和状态， _5. 副词（adverb，缩写为adv.）是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词 _6. 冠词（article，缩写为art.）_ 7. 介词（preposition，缩写为prep.）_8. 连词（conjunction，缩写为conj.）是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词， _【注意】前五类（名、代、形、动、副等词）的词都有实义，叫做实词（notional word）。后四类（冠、介、连词）的词没有实义，叫做虚词（form word）。【配套练习一】请说出下文中各个单词的词性并且归类。Mr. Brown,I am Mike. I am sorry to tell you that I was/felt ill. This morning I went to see a doctor and he told me that I had a bad cold. I have to stay at home for two days. So I can not go to school today or tomorrow. I hope I will get well soon. I will ask you for your help when I meet you after two days.Thank you.Mike名词_动词_代词_形容词_副词_介词_连词_冠词_掌握名词的分类及基本用法【学生活动】1、了解名词的分类知识并划出不懂的地方；2、做好相关笔记。1、名词(Nouns)名词表示人或事物的名称。例词：boy, pencil, book, backpack 总的说来，名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称，如：Gina, China。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词与不可数名词。可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式，如：an apple a bag two apples some bags不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式,如money, water, weather, time, space还有一些词既可以充当可数名词，也可以充当不可数名词，如：ice cream, salad, chicken2. 可数名词有单数(Singular Form)复数(Plural Form)两种形式。【配套练习】找出下列短文中的专有名词和可数名词及不可数名词。Last week some Chinese students had a discussion about happiness. Li Hua thinks young people need to experience different things.They will become self-confident if they have the chance to show their ability. Whats more, its easy to be famous and make more money.专有名词_可数名词_不可数名词_3、可数名词的复数形式的变化规则如下:【学生活动】完成下列表格并背诵可数名词的复数形式的变化规则。词尾字母情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音和元音后读/z/bird-birds, desk-_ ,hand-_, lake-_以ch , sh ,s ,x ,z 结尾加-es读/i z/watch-watches ,brush-_ ,class-classes,box-_, bus-_, quiz-quizes辅音字母+y改y为iz再加 es读/z/baby-_, country-countries, family-families, city-_以O结尾加-s或-es读/z/tomato-tomatoes,potato-_, hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,photo-photos,zoo-_,radio-_以f或fe结尾变f或者fe为v加es读/vz/thief-thieves, wife-_, leaf- _, knife-_, wolf -wolves, life-_以辅音字母以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s加-s读/ iz/dance-dances, house-_, orange_， realize-_, memorize-memorizes, organize-organizes, page-_, bridge-_特殊情况 1.单复数同形deer_ means手段，方法 species物种 works_ _中国人sheep_ cattle_ spacecraft太空船 fish_(表条数) 2.改换内部元音字母man-men男人 woman妇女 foot-feet_ tooth-_牙齿 English-menEnglish-women英国妇女 gentleman-_ 绅士policeman-policemen警察 fishermanfishermen_ 3.完全不规则child-_儿童 mouse-_老鼠 oxoxen牛 4.有些名词具有不同含义时,相应的复数也不同fish-fishes表示种类 -fish表示条数people-peoples(表示民族) -people(表示人民复数概念)6.有和作定语修饰名词时,前后同时改变a man doctortwo men doctors a woman teachertwo women teachers但a girl friend _ _ _ a boy student two boy students 【配套练习】写出下列名词的复数形式。1. pencil-box _ 2. wife _3. Sunday_4. city_ 5. dress _6. Englishman _7. match _8. Chinese _9. zoo _10. exam_ 11. German _4、不可数名词“量”的表示方法【学生活动】朗读下列句子并划出不可数名词“量”的表示方法。在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass?I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。修饰可数名词用：_.修饰不可数名词用：_.【配套练习】翻译下列短语。1.许多水 _ 2.三本书 _ 3.许多牛奶_4.两杯茶 _ 5.五张纸 _ 6.一些钱 _单词形式构成方式举例普通单数名词在词尾加sThe boys teacher_词尾已有-s的复数名词在词尾只加一个“ ”The teachers reading-room_ day 父亲节词尾不带-s的复数名词在词尾加sThe _ palace 少年宫复合名词在最后一个词的词尾加shis mother-in-laws letter_表示几个词共同的所有关系在最后一个词的词尾加sMary and Toms bags_表示几个词各自的所有关系在每个词的词尾加上sMarys and Toms bags_5、名词的所有格【学生活动】完成下列表格并朗读表格内容.名词的所有格有两种形式：一是在名词后面加s的形式，二是在介词of后加上名词的形式。 s所有格的构成注：复合不定代词的属格为加s的形式，如果复合不定代词之后有定语else，注：复合不定代词的属格为加s的形式，如果复合不定代词之后有定语else，则属格应移到else上。He must have taken somebody elses umbrella by mistake. 他一定是错拿了别人的雨伞。 of 属格的用法of 属格多用于无生命的东西。如：the name of the song (歌名) the title of the book （书的标题）【配套练习一】翻译短语.1. 吉姆的书 _ 2. 汤姆的朋友_ 3. 课桌的腿_ 4. 马力和汤姆的房间_【配套练习二】 单词拼写:1. I have a lot of _(作业) to do every day. 2. His _(裤子) are new, but mine are old.3. It is the best one of the _ (照片) in my family.4. Are they building any _ (图书馆) in the city?5. Can you cut this big pear into two _(半)? 6. At the end of _(八月), you must get ready for the new school year. 7. Trees are planted in most of the mountain v_. 8. I like a_. Its neither hot nor cold.