It的用法专项总结及训练.doc

It的用法专项总结及训练It 的用法一、.it作人称代词1.it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:Ningbo is a beautiful city, isnt it?They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Is this your dog？No, it isnt.3.也可指抽象事物:It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that-I want to stay. -Your father wont like it.二、.非人称代词itit有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：1.指天气：It is a lovely day, isnt it? It is a bit windy.2.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back. 3.指环境: It was very quiet in the caf. 4.指距离：It is half an hours walk to the city centre. 5指日期：Whats the date toda? Its the eleventh,October.6指季节：It is summer now.7指度量：It is about 20 pound/kg8.指价值：- Whats the cost of the dictionary?-It is sixty-three.9 Its 35 centigrade now. So I feel hot.三、it的其他用法1.表示谁在做某事的句子： (作不定的形式主语)-Who is it? -Its me. Who is it there? Its I (me/you/he.).I thought it was Mary, but it was not she.Her face lighted when she saw who it was. 2.用来泛泛的指某件事： (有时泛指一般情况)-So you are going to be married this time？-When is it？ It doesnt matter. It is a shame, isnt it?How is it going?(情况怎样）Its your turn to be on duty.It says in the newspaper that.3.it用在一些词组中，it 没有特别的意思The last trains gone.Come on, well foot it.(来，咱们步行吧。）四、作形式主语，替代不定式，ing形式或主语从句作形式主语替代主语从句1. It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain.) that . 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，肯定）是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 2. It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that . 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded. ) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为据建议；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 3. It is time ( about time ，high time ) that . 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 常用过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省，常译为是（正是）的时侯 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. It is time you bought a new car.It is (high ) time you made up your mind.It is the first ( second . ) time that . 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换常译为是第一（二）次。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 4.It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/. ) that . 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ 5. It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that. 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来 作形式主语替代不定式1. . It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. . It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。 常见的形容词有： important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant等。 =在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. 2.It takes sb. . to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为做要花费某人。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 作形式主语替代ing形式It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good ， ( not any good ) ， no use ， ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. Its useless trying to argue with Shylock.五、作形式宾语，代替不定式，ing形式，宾语从句。We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为6123结构。 6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel； 1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers.六、.it的重要句型 1.强调句 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who . 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. It was yesterday that I met her in the street.It is you that /who are wrong.I think it was Jack said this.(其中省略了who 或that)What is it you want me to do?(it 后省略了that)It is not until + 被强调部分 + that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.2. It is . since .。 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题，主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. It is years since I enjoyed myself so much.3. It is . when .。 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为当的时候，是 It was 5 oclock when he came here. 4. It be . before . 该句型主句中的 it 指时间， 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long， not long ， 3 days ， 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为之后。 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 5. It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为不论（是否）没关系。It doesnt matter if they are old. 6. It looks ( seems ) as if . 该句型中it无意义， as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，看起来好象如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了） It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病） It seemed as if he were dying. It looks as if it hasnt been washed following the instructions.配套练习1：1.Tell what the word it refers to and its functions:1.Its difficult to remember all their names.2.Its very quiet in the cafe.3.It rained for three days.4.He made it clear that he didnt want to speak to me.5.It was nice seeing you.6.It was on Tuesday that Mrs Smith came.7.Its three miles to the nearest garage.8.A tall man stood up and shook hands.It was Captain Lawie.9.I hear you bought a new bike.Can you show it to me?10.It was five oclock when we got back home yesterday.（Suggested answers:1.a preparatory subject for an infinitive2.refer to the present situation3.refer to weather4.a preparatory object5.a preparatory subject for an -ing form6.emphasize the adverbial of time7.refer to distance8.refer to a person when we are identifying somebody(saying who somebody is)9.refer to the word bike mentioned earlier10.refer to time）2.Complete the sentences,paying attention to the structures of them and the use of it.1._(据报道)that dozens of children died in the accident.2._(真遗憾)that he cant swim at his age.3._(很可能)that they will beat us tonight.4._（看来）that he enjoys pop songs very much.5._（仍然是一个问题）when we shall have our sports meet.6._(还不确定)whether he can attend this conference or not.7._（不要紧/没关系）whether we go together or separately.8.Its up to you _（决定是否接受这项工作）。9.It is important _（我们学英语）.10.It is kind _（你们帮助我）.11.It took me five days _（解决这个问题）.12.Its no use _（与她争论）.(Suggested answers:1.It was reportedIt be+p.p.(known,thought,told,believed,hoped)+that-clause2.It is a pityIt be+n.(an honour,a good thing,a fact,a surprise)+that-clause3.It is likelyIt be+adj.(wonderful,true,important,surprising,clear)+that-clause4.It seemsIt seems/appears/happens+that-clause5.It is still a questionIt be+n.+wh-/how-clause6.It is uncertainIt be+adj.(not decided,uncertain)+wh-/how-clause7.It doesnt matterIt doesnt matter(Its no wonder;It doesnt make too much difference)+wh-/how-clause8.to decide whether to take the job or notIts up to sb.to do sth.9.for us to learn EnglishIt be+adj.(difficult,easy,hard,important)for sb.to do sth.10.of you to help meIt be+adj.(kind,nice,brave,clever,stupid)of sb.to do sth.11.to solve the problem.It takes(took)sb.to do sth.12.arguing with herIts no use(no good,useless)doing sth.)3.it can be used in some other structures to express time.Lets do another exercise on the screen.Complete the sentences1._(已经有三年了)since his father passed away.2._(不久)the police arrived.3._(已经八点了)when we got home.4._（该的时候了）she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.5._(这是第一次)that these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.6._（我们该）to go to school.(1.It is/has been three yearsIt be+some time+since2.It was not long beforeIt be(not)+long(days,weeks,months)before3.It was already eight oclockIt be+definite time+when4.It is(high)time(that)It be(high)time+(that)5.It is the first timeIt be+the first(second,third)time+that-clause6.It is time for usIt be time for sb.to do sth.)4.Rewrite the following sentences,usingitas a preparatory object.1.To make others laugh is difficult.(I found)(I found it difficult to make others laugh.)2.To help him is my duty.(I consider)(I consider it my duty to help him.)3.That we should keep calm is important.(I think)(I think it important that we should keep calm.)4.That he objected to the proposal is clear.(I made)(I made it clear that he objected to the proposal.)5.Correct mistakes if there are any.1.It is he that I want to see.(him should be used instead of he,)2.It is I who is leaving for London next week.(is after who should be replaced by am to agree with I in person and number.)3.It was on Tuesday when Mrs Smith came.(when should be replaced by that to give special emphasis to the adverbial of time.)6.look at the sentences on the screen.Id like you to translate them into Chinese.(in these sentences,it has no special meaning.)1.It is my turn.(轮到我了)2.Lets call it a day.(今天就到这里吧。)3.If the teacher sees you doing that,you will catch it.(如果老师看到你这么做，你就会挨批评。)4.Go ahead,well make it in the end.(继续干吧，我们最终会成功的。)5.-I will study hard in the future.-Thats it.(-今后我会努力学习的。-这就对了。)6.Take it easy.(别着急。)7.Choose the best answers:1.Is_necessary to complete the design before National Day?A.this B.that C.it D.he2.She heard a terrible noise,_brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that3.Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but _didnt help.A.he B.which C.she D.it4._is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It5.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have_?A.it B.those C.one D.them6.-Why dont you take a little break?-Didnt we just have _.A.that B.this C.one D.it7.I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.this B.that C.its D.it8.-He was nearly drowned once.-When was _?-_was in 1998 that he was in middle school.A.that;It B.this;This C.this;It D.that;This9.The weather turned out to be very good,_was more than we had expected.A.what B.which C.that D.it10.Was _ that I saw last night at the concert?A.it you B.not you C.you D.that yourself(15 CBDDC 610 CDABA)配套练习2：【知识过关】it用法演练Task1 单项选择(32分)1.It took us over an hour _ along the street.A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walked2.I think it a great honour _ to visit your country.A. to invite B. inviting C. having invited D. to be invited3.Many people now make_ a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.A. themselves B. it C. that D. this4. _ is very clear to everyone that hes round and tall like a tree.A. This B. What C. That D. It5.In the United States, bus travel doesnt cost much as train travel,_ ?A. dont they B. does it C. do they D. doesnt it6.Someone is at the door, who is_ ?A. this B. that C. it D. he7.-It is raining cats and dogs.- _. .A. So it is B. So is it C. Neither it is D. Neither is it8.-My home is in that tall building over there.- _ ?A. Can it see B. Can see it C. Can be seen it D. Can it be seen9. _ raining hard for 3 hours without stopping.A. It is B. It was C. It has been D. It had been10.-Has the boy got his bicycle now?-Yes, the police gave_. .A. him to him B. it to it C. it to him D. him to it11.-Boy, _. -It is, looks like spring is coming soon.-Yeh, Itll just be a few more weeks.A. its really a nice day today, isnt it?B. what knid of weather are we going to have today?C. do you think it is going to rain today?D. what it like outside today?12.It is important _ their offer.A. reject B. rejects C. to reject D. rejecting13.Has _ been decided when we are to hold the sports-meeting?A. that B. this C. it D. what14.-Did Li Lei call me while I was out?-Yes, it was _ that called you.A. him B. he C. who D. whom15.Nothing is wrong with the radio _ ?A. isnt it B. is that C. is it D. isnt that16.I dont know _ makes her afraid of having her business discussed.A. what it is about Mary thatB. that is it abut Mary whatC. what is it about Mary thatD. that is about Mary what17.Which sentence is wrong?A.I felt it impossible for him to take the exam.B.I found it impossible that he might take the exam.C.I thought that he might not take the exam.D.In my opinion he might take the exam.18.I dont think _difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within five yearsA. that B. it C. too D. very19.Its the second time you _ late this week.A. arrive B. arrived C. have arrived D. had arrived20.It will not be_ we meet again.A. long before B. before longC. soon after D. shortly after(1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A)Task2用it开头改写句子(14分)1. Her sisters offered to pay her fare.That was generous of them.(It was generous of them (her sisters) to offer to pay her fare.)2.Her brother invited her to stay. That was very kind of him.(It was kind of her brother to invite her to stay.)3.You found your wallet. That is lucky.(It is lucky that you found your wallet.)4.You couldnt find a less expensive hotel. That is a pity.(It is a pity that you couldnt find a less expensive hotel.)5.To walk in the garden is pleasant.(It is pleasant to walk in the garden.)6.To pronounce a long word is often difficult.(It is often difficult to pronounce a long word.)7.To learn a foreign language is very important.(It is very important to learn a foreign language.)配套练习3：1._ is _ who wants to see you.A.It;he B.That; he C.It;I D.That:him2._ used to be thought that the earth was square.A.He B.What C.It D.That3.I found _ impossible for _ to work out the math problem.A.it;he B.that;he C.that;him D.it;him4.I have made _ clear _ I have nothint to do with the accident.A.it;who B.it;that C.this;who D.this;that 5.She thought _ a great honor to be invited to speak to us.A.that B.this C.it is D.it (key:ACDBD)