资源描述
现在完成时专练现在完成时小结：一、现在完成时用法及结构:现在完成时表示_,也可表示_。构成: _+ _ +_+_。(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)否定式:主语+ havent/hasnt +过去分词+其他。疑问式: Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其他?简略答语: Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定)No,主语+ havent/hasnt.(否定)二、标志现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:1） 以already, just和yet为标志already, just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt come back yet.他还没有回来。2）以ever和never为标志ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。3）以动作发生的次数为标志若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。He says he has been to the USA three times.他说他已经去过美国三次了。4）以so far为标志so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。三、表示延续性过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。1） 延续性动词和瞬间动词英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如:“The play” has been on for half an hour.猫已经开演半个小时了。How long have you had this dictionary?这本字典你买了多久了?2） 时间“点”、时间“段”须分清过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束,也可能继续延续,这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。如:He has been away for two years.他已走了两年。(for+_)He has been an English teacher since 1992.自从1992年以来他一直当英语教师。(since+_)常用时间段： a day, two months, three years, a long time, two seconds, half an hour, several days 等等；常用时间点：2004,last month, Monday, 3 oclock, two years ago等等，表示具体过去的某一时间，如具体的年、月、日期、星期几、钟点、.前等。4、 其他1） 动词的过去分词形式：通常一个动词的过去分词和他的过去式是一样的，在动词后面加ed构成过去分词，但是有一些动词的过去分词有不规则的形式。be-been go-gone come-come run-run swim-swum fly-flown see-seen speak-spoken do-done give-given hide-hidden become-become take-taken get-gotten / got break-broken shake-shaken wake-waken awake-awaken rise-risen lay-lain fall-fallen begin-begun know-known forget-forgotten write-written choose-chosen drink-drunk eat-eaten bite-bitten show-shown I have already drunk the coffee.我已经喝过咖啡了。2） 当have/ has被用在现在完成时态中时，它可以和前面的代名词一起组成缩写形式。ve/ sIve been to New York once before.我曾经到过纽约。3） 现在完成时用not来表达否定形式。当有not出现的时候，have可以和not组成缩写，但是此时不能和前面的代名词组成缩写。She hasnt spoken to him.她还没和他说过话。提问的时候，have需要被提到句首。Have you seen Matthew?你见过马休了么？ 5、 区分现在完成时和一般过去时的区别一、现在完成时一般不与表示过去某具体时间的词语搭配使用；一般过去时常常与过去的某个具体时间搭配使用。如：I went home at 10:00 yesterday. I have got home now.二、现在完成时-ever和neverever和never常用于现在完成时，放在过去分词前面；表示“经历”。ever表示“曾经”，never表示“从不”；not ever=never。ever多用于疑问句，never一般用于否定句；例句：Have you ever been to Japan?（你去过日本吗？）I have never been to Japan.（我从未去过日本。）我们来练练吧！填空：A. 用 already或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures _? No, not _.2)Most of us have finished our compositions _3)He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _.B.用 since或 for1)We have learned five lessons _ the beginning og this term.2)Mrs Liao has been in hospital _last week.3)I have stayed at my aunts _two weeks.C. 用have/has gone或 have/has been1)Where are the boy students ? They _ to the school factory.2) - Is your father in ? - No, he _ to Shenzhen. -_he ever _ there before ? -Yes, he _ there several times.选择题1：1. Where is Mr. Liu? - He _the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in2. The students have cleaned the classroom , _?A. so they B. dont they C. havent they3. I like Hainan. I _there for three times. A. went B. have been C . have gone4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years.A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone 5.- How long _you_ your dictionary? - About two months.A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought6. He tells me he_ China for over five years.A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to 7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China? A. How soon , comes B. How often, got C. How long , came D. How far, arrived 8. His uncle_ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university10. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问) _ have they been here?11. The old man _last year. He_ for a year.(die)12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变) This factory _ for twenty years.13. Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同上） Miss Gao_ an _hour ago.14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上） _ two years_ the Green family moved to France. 15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上） _.选择题21. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 3. Mike _ the story for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this school for two years. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10. His father _ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 11. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, sees 12.- Would you like some more food -Thank you. I _ enough. A. will have B. have had C. have D. had 13. _ you _ England？ Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B.Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D.Have, gone to, is 14. -_ you _ to Beijing -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did,go, didnt, was going 15. -You sister _ to London to study English. Is that true?-Yes , she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 16. He has a computer of his own. He _ it two days ago A. have bought B. buy C. has buy D. has bought 17. -Where is Li Lei? -He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 18. He _ his homework and is now listening to music. A. finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing 19. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to 20. - Is your father a Party member? - Yes, he _ the party three years ago. He _ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was 21. -What a nice bike! How lone _ you _ it ?-Just five weeks. A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had 22. I _ this book for a week .I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 23. -_ your sister _ in Green China for a long time -Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined 24. -How long have you _ from the USA -For three months. A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back 25. I _ this book for half a year. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had 26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _ for a year. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away 27. - _ you_ your homework yet ?-Yes, I _ it just now. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 28. The sand storm weather _ in Beijing several times this year. A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened 29. -How long have you been here? - _ last month. A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since 30. He _ a cold for three days. A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught 31. Jim Green _ in China for two years. A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came 32. The film _ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasnt begun D. began 33.Where have you _ these days I have to Beijing with my friends. A. been;gone B. been;been C. gone;been D. gone;gone 34.How long have you _ this book A. bought B.borrowed C.had D.lent
展开阅读全文