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中考阅读专题：推理判断题所谓推理判断题,就是指那些针对文章所隐含的内容、作者未言明的观点或含蓄表达的立场或态度所设置的问题。这类题主要考查同学们概括、归纳、比较、推理等综合能力。要求同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章中未做明确交待的细节、段落的主旨、作者的态度等方面进行高度概括或判断。推理判断题要求考生不仅能够理解文章的字面内容,而且能据此对文章的深层内涵进行解读,属于阅读理解题中较难把握的题型。推论判断题的题干表现形式推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。如:The author implies (suggests) that _.It can be inferred from the passage that _.The last paragraph indicates that _.The passage suggests that _.It may be concluded from the passage that _.From the last paragraph we can infer that _.The author may agree with _.The authors attitude towards postmodern art can be described as _.In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to _.推理判断题的解答解答推理判断题的关键是把握文章内部的逻辑关系,做好深层理解。在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把写作意图明确表达出来,同学们要根据字面意思,把握上下文逻辑关系,研究细节中隐含的暗示,推敲作者的立场和态度,理解文章的内涵意义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解是一种主动的、创造性的思维活动,它必须以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知推断未知,不能凭空想象,随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思,推理才有前提和基础。下面我们以例题来分析推理判断题的各类题型及解题思路。(1) 细节推断题例1:The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain(链条) of people they know. Another name of this chain is degrees of separation. Each degree is a step that separates a person from someone he or she does not know. There are zero degrees of separation between a person and the people he or she knows directly. This means that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom. There is one degree of separation when just one person separates someone from a person he or she does not know. Ben knows his mom, but he hasnt met her close friend Amy. Therefore, Ben is one degree away from Amy. As the chain continues, Amys uncle, Mark, is two degrees. John Carter is three degrees, and his father is four degrees. Dr. King is five degrees away from Ben. (2008年北京卷C篇)1. What is the small-world theory mainly about?A. How far Ben is away from Dr. King.B. How many people one can get to know.C. How people are connected in the world.D. How the degrees of separation are set up. 【分析】试题问:小世界理论指的是什么？根据首句The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain (链条) of people they know. 可推断出,小世界理论主要是指世人是如何被联系在一起的。故选C。(2) 数字运算推断题例2:WHERE TO STAY IN BOSWELL? TOUR GUIDE TO OUR BEST HOTELSFIRST HOTEL Address: 222Edward Road Telephone: 414-6433The number of rooms: 120Single room: $25 Double room: $35Special attractions: Air-conditioned rooms. French restaurant. Swimming pool. Shops. Coffee shop and bar. Telephone, radio and television in each room. Close to the city center.FAIRVIEW HOTEL Address: 129 North Road Telephone: 591-5620The number of rooms: 50Single room: $12 Double: $18Special attractions: Close to the airport. Telephone in each room. Bar. Restaurant. Garage. Swimming pool.ORCHARD HOTEL Address: 233 Edward RoadTelephone: 641-6446The number of rooms: 120Single room: $15 Double: $20Special attractions: Facing First Hotel. European restaurant. Coffee shop. Television. Nightclub.OSAKE HOTEL Address: 1264 Venning Road Telephone: 643-8200The number of rooms: 180Single room: $30 Double: $50Special attractions: Air-conditioned rooms. Japanese and Chinese restaurants. Swimming pool. Large garden. Shops.(2008年荆州卷A篇)2. The total number of the room in the best hotels in Boswell is _.A. 120 B. 170 C. 290 D. 470 【分析】题目问Boswell 最好的旅馆房间的总数是多少。从标题可知文中四个旅馆就是Boswell 最好的旅馆。将这四个旅馆的房间总数相加就是最好旅馆房间的总数。故选D。(3) 段落主旨推断例3:Scientists and others have written books about the meanings of dreams. The most famous of these scientists was Sigmund Freud who wrote over a hundred years ago. He suggested different meanings to certain kinds of dreams. It is possible, however, that every dream has a special meaning only for the person who dreams it, and that this meaning is about something in that persons life. (2008年天津卷C篇)3. What is the main idea of Paragraph Four?A. Bad dreams. B. The meanings of dreams. C. People and their dreams. D. R.E.M. sleep and dreams. 【分析】试题问文章第四段主要讲的是什么。通过本段的最后一句话It is possible, however, that every dream has a special meaning only for the person who dreams it, and that this meaning is about something in that persons life. 即可以推断出全段的大意。故选B。(4) 作者观点态度推断例4:On the first day of a new term, 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes. There are altogether 1,200 students in the school. Usually only 20 students break the school dress rule every day. So the headmaster Theresa Mayerik said it was the worst new term she had ever seen.At Morton High School, studentsfavorite clothing such as baggy(宽大的) trousers, low-necked shirts and tank tops(紧身短背心) are not allowed in class-rooms. Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear, but the headmaster doesnt think so. Id be supportive if half the school was sent home, because 99% will get the message that our school is for education. Freedomdoes not mean free of restrictions(约束). That is to say there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China. (2008长沙卷A篇)4. Whats the writers attitude(态度) to the school dress rule?A. Agree. B. Disagree (不同意).C. Not sure.【分析】题目问作者对于学校的着装规定持怎样的态度？从最后一句话That is to say there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China.可以推知作者认为没有绝对的自由,他赞同学校对着装的规定。故选A。后记:推理判断类题一般无法从原文中找到答案的出处,但这类题目一般都与文章或某个段落的内容相关。同学们在解答这类题时,读懂文章是基础,结合题目对相关段落进行深层理解是关键。需要特别指出的是,有时对文章的理解不能仅局限于个别相关段落,还需要结合全文的语篇背景才能做出正确的选择。小试牛刀1Larry, as your director, I must say its been very interesting working with you,Miss Valdez said. However, it seems that our companys needs and your performance are not very well matched. There-fore I am very sad to have to ask you to leave today.What does Miss Valdez mainly want to say to Larry?A. She enjoys working with him.B. He has to leave the company.C. She is happy for his good performance.D. Shell be sad if he leaves the company.Note: match v.与相配；相一致2Megan has to finish her homework before bedtime or her teacher will be angry. This is because she didnt hand in her homework last time. Now she still has to do her math homework and it will take at least an hour to complete. She sighs and says, Ive been working really hard since right after dinner!We know from the passage that _.A. Megan has finished her math homeworkB. Megan has not had dinner yetC. Megan has to finish her homework tonightD. Megan never fails to hand in her homework3Brea and Elizabeth are having a dispute over which radio station to listen to at work. Brea likes to listen to rock music, but Elizabeth likes country music. It will be much simpler if they like the same kind of music. In the end, Brea gives in. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Brea and Elizabeth like the same kind of music.B. Brea likes to listen to country music.C. Brea and Elizabeth listen to rock music finally.D. Elizabeth listens to country music in the end. Note: dispute n.争论参考答案小试牛刀 1. B 2. C 3. D
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