商务报告常用词汇及表达方式.doc

商务报告常用词汇及表达方式一、常用词汇Informal report Formal reportMemorandum report 备忘录式报告Letter report 书信式报告Preliminary parts 前言部分Title page 标题页Table of contents 目录Table of illustrations 插图目录Synopsis 概要Bibliography 参考文献Appendix 附录Periodic report 定期报告Investigation report 调查报告Justification report 辩护报告Progress report 进展报告Staff report 参事报告Feasibility report 可行性报告Audit report 审计报告Recommendation 建议，劝告By and large 总的来说Present market trend 目前市场走向A regular customer 老顾客A regular meeting 例会Proposal report 建议报告二、常用表达方式（一）导言（Introduction/ Terms of Reference）以下是导言部分写作的常见句型： The report examines / explains The purpose of this report is to investigate / evaluate / study The objective of this report is to recommend / analyze / give The aim of this report is to feedback / estimate / assess Enclosed is a report aboutThe report/proposal aims/set out to.The report is based on.（二）材料收集方法（Methodology / Proceedings）以下是该部分写作的常见句型： A sample of workers was individually asked for their opinions. A questionnaire was completed by those who were surveyed in this project. The information was mainly achieved with a number of telephone calls to manufacturers.（三）调查结果（Findings）以下就是该方面写作的一些典型句子结构： The findings of the investigation indicate that It was proposed / found / felt / discovered that It was generally the case that Most people thought / suggested that A number of people mentioned that Several changes were put forward. Several staff members expressed the view thatThe disparity clearly showed The following points summarize our key findings. The key findings are outlined below.（四）结论 （Conclusions）以下就是该方面写作的一些典型句子结构：It was decided/agreed/felt thatIt is clear that.No conclusions were reached regarding.（五） 建议（Recommendations）以下就是该方面写作的一些典型句子结构：It is suggested/proposed/recommended that .We (strongly) recommend thatIt is essential to It would be advisable to 若报告中需提供图表统计数据或描述行情走势，撰写人应当熟悉这方面写作的常用句型，以下就是该方面写作的一些典型句子结构： The table / chart / graph / diagram / figure / statistics shows / describes / illustrates that As it can be seen from the table / chart / figure It is clear / apparent from the table / chart / graph / diagram / figure / statistics that The number of increased / jumped / rose suddenly / rapidly / dramatically fromto The number ofdecreased / dropped / fell greatly / significantly sharply fromto The number offluctuated slowly / slightly betweento The number of remained steady / stable （stayed the same） betweento There was a （very） sudden / rapid / dramatic / significant increase / jump / rise in the number offromto There was a （very） sharp / steep / steady / gradual / slow / slight decrease / drop / fall in the number offromto The monthly profit / figures peaked in December at 10%. The monthly profit / figures reached a peak / a high （point） in December at 10%. The monthly profit / figures bottomed out in December at 10%. Sales witnessed a great rise / increase / drop / fall betweento此外，还有以下其它部分：1. 对于线性图表的描述上升1. 对于上升趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to increase; to go up; to rise; to grow; to jump; to leapto soar; to shoot; to pick upb. 可以使用的名词：an increase; a growth; a jump; a soar;an upward trend2. 对于上升到某个位置的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词to具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词tothe peak of具体数据。c. 1. a. 中的动词reaching the peak of +具体数据。d. 1. a. 中的动词reaching + 具体数据。e. to peak at 具体数据f. to climb to + 具体数据3. 对于上升的程度的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词by 具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词副词。（见下降1. 对于下降趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to fall; to decrease; to go down; to slide; to collapseto decline; to dropb. 可以使用的名词：a collapse; a decrease; a fall; a decline; a drop2. 对于下降到某个位置的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词to具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词tothe bottom of具体数据。c. 1. a. 中的动词reaching the bottom of +具体数据。d. 1. a. 中的动词reaching + 具体数据。3. 对于下降程度的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词by 具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词副词。对于平稳的趋势的描述，可以使用的动词或动词词组：to hardly change; to have little change; to keep steady; to level off; to remain constantto stay the same表示程度的副词：1. 程度较大：considerably; dramatically; greatly; markedly; obviously; quickly; rapidlySharply; significantly; suddenly2. 程度较小：slightly; gradually; slowly; steadily时间的嵌入嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：in; fromto; between.andduringand; at the start of ; by the end of ; over ; at the end of throughout 时间s + 具体数据上升和下降趋势的组合描述（嵌入了时间和程度之后）：1. 先上升后下降的句型：. increased slowly during and but fell sharply in .A steady fall in during and followed the sharp increase in .2. 先下降后上升的句型： fell before began to make a recovery continue the recovery, climbing to dropped during but increased again in fell and then pick up during collapsed before rising to at the end of 3. 起伏波动的句型： fluctuated sharply all through 4. 波动不大的句型： hardly changed through the period between and 2. 柱状图形的描述转换为线形图形的描述3. 饼状图形的描述对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型： % the is/has/have/are accounts for % of the total takes up % in the whole chart4. 趋势的比较1. 表示相似的句型 (实例) ：Both share prices rose sharply in January.Neither company has made a profit yet.Like X, Y fell in June.X rose just as sharply as Y.2. 表示差异的句型（实例）：X fell sharply whereas/while Y remained steady.X fell quickly compared to Y.Unlike Y, X rose by 10%.X rose far more dramatically than Y.3. 表示倍数的句型：the doubled/tripled in compared with those in 4. 客观比较的句型： is in contrast to 5. 数据的修饰1. 表示不足的词或词组：up to; below; under; almost; nearly2. 表示超过的词或词组：over; more than; just over3. 表示大约的词：about