atforaaloutline正式演讲提纲格式.doc

Format for a formal outline 正式演讲提纲格式TitleTopic: Specific purpose: Thesis statement: IntroductionAttention materials: Credibility materials: Thesis statement: Preview: (Transition into body of speech)BodyI. First main point: A. Sub-point or supporting material: B. sub-point or supporting materials: 1. sub-sub-point or supporting materials: 2. sub-sub-point or supporting materials: II. Second main point: A. sub-point or supporting material: 1. sub-sub-point or supporting materials: 2. sub-sub-point or supporting materials: B. sub-point or supporting material: (Transition into next main point)III. Third main point: A. Sub-point or supporting material: B. Sub-point or supporting material: 1. sub-sub-point or supporting materials: 2. sub-sub-point or supporting materials: a. sub-sub-sub-point or supporting materials: b. sub-sub-sub-point or supporting materials: (Transition into conclusion)ConclusionSummary statement: Concluding remarks: Works consultedAdapted from Osborn & Osborn (1997)Are you Addicted?Topic: ChocolateSpecific Purpose Statement: To inform my audience about chocolate.Thesis statement: To inform my audience about the history, the major types and chemical compositions of chocolate.Introduction 前言Welcome! All of you are here today because you have found a golden ticket in your Chilly Chonka Chocolate bar. Which means that you get to go on the Delicious Chilly Chonka Chocolate tour? You have all been given a sample of the Chilly Chonka chocolate but it is disguised in a Hersheys wrapper, you are to consume this and experience what it is like to be under the influence of chocolate. For those of you who can not eat it you will experience what it is like not being under the influence. But I must warn you; those around you might start acting a little out of the ordinary. Now are we all ready? On the count of three, follow me, ONE open your wrappers, TWO, place it in your mouth.Introduction 前言THREE, chew and swallow. And here we go. While you are getting over your excitement of winning, I would like to give you a sneak preview of the Delicious Chilly Chonka Chocolate tour: We will first melt our way into the history of chocolate, secondly we will get a taste of the three main types of chocolate, and finally we will dip into the chemical composition of chocolate.Body 主要部分(Visual Aid will be used.)I. The history of where chocolate comes from.A. Biologically where chocolate comes from. 1. Cocoa bean is the seed of the cacao tree. 2. The type of tree is called the Theorem cacao 3. Cocoa is defined by the 1999 - 2000 Encyclopedia Britannica Online to be a highly concentrated powder make from chocolate liquor.B. The People who were involved with chocolate. 1. In the year 1502, Christopher Columbus brought cacao beans to Spain, and chocolate slowly spread throughout the world. 2. The cacao tree dates back more than 3000 years ago by the Maya, Toltec, and the Aztecs.C. How chocolate was first prepared? 1. The Aztecs prepared the cocoa beans as a beverage by sun drying-shelled beans and mashing it into liquid. 2. Chocolate was called Oxcart, which meant bitter water.Transition 过渡 Now that we have melted our way into the history of chocolate Id like to take us to taste the three main types of chocolate: Milk, white, and dark chocolate.(Visual Aid will be used.)II. These are the three main types of chocolate. (According to completechocolate.com)A. There is milk chocolate. 1. Milk chocolate is made up of 10% chocolate liquor and 12% milk solids, combined with sugar, cocoa butter, and vanilla. 2. Milk chocolate is the most common chocolate in most sweet candies.B. There is white chocolate. 1. White chocolate does not contain chocolate liquor at all. Its ingredients include cocoa butter, sugar, milk solids, and vanilla. 2. There has been some debate as to whether or not white chocolate is real chocolate because it doesnt contain chocolate liquor.C. There is dark chocolate. 1. Dark chocolate is made from 15-35% of chocolate liquor, sugar, cocoa butter and vanilla. 2. Dark chocolate is also referred to as sweet and semisweet chocolate, it got its name dark chocolate because it was darker than the mild and white chocolate. So now that we have had a taste of the 3 main types of chocolate: milk, white, and dark chocolate, lets go take a dip into the chemical composition of chocolate.(Visual Aid will be used.) III. These are the chemical compositions of chocolate. (According to John Glenn Benner author of the book. The Emperors of Chocolate.)A. Chemicals in chocolate include: 1. Serotonin: transmits calmness to brain. 2. Phenoylthylamine: a chemical released in our brain when we fall in love. 3. Endorphins: transmit high level energy and euphoria to our brain cells. 4. Theobromine: a substance similar to caffeine, it affects brain function by increasing alertness, concentration and cognitive functioning.B. The theobroma tree that chocolate comes from means food for the gods. according to Sara S. Berry, author of the book Cocoa, Custom, and Socioeconomic Change in Rural Western Nigeria.C. Chocolate has a blend of over five hundred flavors (2.5 times more than any other food.)Visual Aids: I have one visual aid, projecting the History, Main types, and two of the Chemicals that compose chocolate.Conclusion 结论 Our tour has now come full circle, when all of you indulged in the chocolate I gave you, you may not have been aware that the chocolate in itself contained milk, white, and dark chocolate. But now you are aware of where chocolate comes from, the main types of chocolate and finally now you should understand why your body reacted to the chocolate the way it did. Since we just freshly dipped ourselves into the chemical composition, Id to leave you with the answer to the myth that you all have been dying to know: Is chocolate really an aphrodisiac? Well, according to completechocolate.com, after careful study and extensive experiments they have concluded to the delight of many that this is actually true.Bibliography 参考文献Brenner, Joel Glenn. The Emperors of Chocolate. New York: Random House, 1999.Berry, Sara S. Cocoa, Custom, and Socio- Economic change in Rural Western Nigeria. Great Encyclopedia Britannica. Chocolate. Online. Internet. 1999- 2000. Available http:/britannica.com.Mikell, Gwendolyn. Cocoa and Chaos in Ghana. New York: Paragon House, 1989.Wagner, Gillian. The Chocolate Conscience. London: Chatto & Windus, 1987.