资源描述
名词性从句总结 名词性从句，顾名思义就是在句子中起名词或名词性词组的句子，换句话说， 也就是代替名词在句子中做一定成分的句子。那么回想一下，名词可以在句子中做哪些成份呢？可以做主语， 宾语， 表语， 同位语，定语，那么相应的名词性从句也可以在句子中做这些成分。从句子的功能来看，名词性从句可以分为主语从句， 表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句。一. 我们来看一下做名词性从句的具体步骤： 各种从句要辩清，主宾同表定状强； 主宾表定同位语，连词成分要对应，缺啥补啥要记清； 不缺不少怎么办，立刻想到我(w)爱(i)他(t)。二. 我们仔细地分析一下这个口决： 第一步要辩清从句：指出下列从句分别为什么从句e.g We havent decided where we should go to spend our holiday. Where we should go to spend our holiday hasnt been decided. The question where we should go to spend our holiday hasnt been decided. The question is where we should go to spend our holiday. We havent decided a place where we could spend our holiday. It is where we should go to spend our holiday that hasnt been decided. Youd better sit back where you were第二步按所缺句子成分，选择正确的连词。名词性从句的连词有： that , whether, ifWhat, who, which, whose, whom, whomever, whoever, whichever When, where, why, how, whenever, wherever,.定语从句的连词： that, who, whom, as, which, whose, when, where, why状语从句的连词： when, where, if, whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, however 第三步判断如果主语从句，表语从句， 同位语从句中不缺少成分时，要考虑that, whether, if( 表是否的含义)Whether与 if的用法比较三. 注意的问题：主语从句That/what 引导的名词性从句的区别名词性从句宾语从句it做形式主语与形式宾语的用法表语从句同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句疑问词+ever等引导的名词性从句1.牢记it做形式主语和形式宾语的句型： It + be+ adj. + that It做形式主语的句型 It + be + N + that It + be + v-ed + that It + vi. + that take it for granted that It做形式宾语的句型 v. + it + adj./ n. + that make it a rule that appreciate it if like/ hate it when2.在同位语从句中，连接词多数是that， 它不做成分，没有意义，也不能去掉。 但名词如果是idea, problem, question，连接词也可以是有疑问含义的when, where等，如果是doubt，用在肯定句里引导词通常是whether, if.3. 区分that在定语从句中与同位语从句的不同：that在定语从句中做成分，在同位语从句中不做成分；that与定语从句的先行词之间是修饰与限定的关系，同位语从句与先行词之间是解释和说明的关系。同位语从句的先行词只是一些特定的词。e.g. The news (that ) he told me that I passed the exam surprised me.4. when, where在定语从句中及名词性从句中的区别。他们在定语从句中没有疑问的含义，而是相当于“的时候， 的地方”； 但在名词性从句中他们保持疑问的含义“什么时候，什么地方” e.g This is the school where I worked 3 years ago. I ll never the days when I was well treated in this village. When I leave is none of your business.5. 区分wh-和wh-ever的不同Wh-的连词有疑问的含义“什么”，表示特指; wh-ever的连词没有疑问的意思 , “ 无论”, 相当于名词后面带一个定语从句或让步状语从句. ( 如whatever= anything that whoever = anyone who或 wh- ever = no matter wh- ), 表示泛指。e.g The prize will be given whoever win the first place.= the prize will be given anyone who win the first place. Well do whatever we can to save her life. = well do anything that we can to save her life. Whatever we do, he is just unsatisfied.= No matter what we do , he is just unsatisfied. However difficult it is, we are to manage it.= No matter how difficult it is, we are to manage it. No matter whom you choose, well accept him. = Whomever you choose, well accept him. He wouldnt let us know who he is. I cant follow what the teacher is saying.6. whether与 if 介词后一般 whether用引导宾主从句 e.g. I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not. 少数动词leave, put, discuss后的宾主从句常用 whether. E.g. I put it to you whether we should start earlier. whether后可加 or not 在不定式前,只用 whether e.g. He didnt know whether to attend her birthday party.7. what/ that whether/ if What引导主语从句时, 常译为 “所.的人/物”,要在句子中充当成分；that 引导的名词性从句作为连词,没有意义,不做成分,不能去掉.e.g. What she was afraid of was their taking her daughter abroad.That he will refuse the offer is unlikely.whether引导的主语从句位于句首, 如果用it作形式主语,whether/ if 都可以. e.g. Whether he is going to the party doesnt make a difference. It wasnt quite clear whether / if he had found a new job. 四. 练一练 1. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. A. what B. why C. how D. whether2. Its obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that3. We havent discussed yet_ we are going to place our new furniture.A. that B. which C. what D. where4. How much one enjoy himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. A. what B. who C. how D. why5. The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “ programmed “ to make us do so. A. when B. why C. whether D. that6. I have no idea_ the journalist could have get his information from. A. that B. why C. which D. where7. When you get your paper back, pay special attention to _ have been marked. A. where B. which C. what D. what8. Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sale, please? A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. whomever9. She is dear to us, we have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever10. _ medicine works in a human body is a question _ not everyone can understand fully. A. How; that B. That; which C. What; which D. What; that11. _ you have picked up, you must give it back to _ it belongs to.A. whatever; whoever B. what; no matter who C. No matter what; no matter who D. whatever; no matter who12. What are you anxious about? _-_. A. If we succeed B. That we can succeed C. Do we succeed D. whether we can succeed13. The painting is so valuable that it is difficult to calculate_ its price would be. A. that B. which C. what D. /
展开阅读全文