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一、the + est + 名词 +(that)+ 主词 + have ever + seen (known/heard/had/read, etc) the most + 形容词 + 名词 +(that)+ 主词 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。Yao Ming is the tallest basketball player that I have ever seen.姚明是我所见过的最高的篮球运动员Liu Xiang is the most hardworking sportsman that I have ever seen.刘翔是我所见过的最勤奋的运动员。二、Nothing is + er than to + VNothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。Nothing is more important than to potect our environment.没有什么比环保更重要的事。Nothing is more important than to gain knowledge.没有什么比学习知识更重要的事。三、 cannot emphasize the importance of too much.(再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。)例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。We cannot emphasize the importance of education.我们再怎么强调教育的重要性也不为过。四、There is no denying that + S + V .(不可否认的)There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。There is no denying that Lin Zhiling is the most charming actress I have ever seen.不可否认，林志玲是我所见过的最有魅力的女演员。五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 (全世界都知道)例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。六、There is no doubt that + 句子 (毫无疑问的)例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。七、An advantage of is that + 句子(的优点是)An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create(produce) any pollution.使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。An advantage of taking exercises is that it can make us keep healthy.锻炼身体的优点是它可以让我们保持健康。八、The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子(的原因是)The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provideus with fresh air.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子(如此以致于)例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，它经不起我们浪费。So beautiful is Xi Shi that we all like her.西施是如此美丽，以致于我们都喜欢她。十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V (虽然)例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by nomeans satisfactory.by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。十一、The + er + S + V, the + er + S + V The + more + Adj + S + V, the + more + Adj + S + V(愈愈)例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈进步。The more books we read, the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。十二、By +Ving, can (借着，能够)例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。By reading, we can broaden our horizon.通过阅读，我们可以扩大视野。十三、 enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (使能够)Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。Travelling enable our life to be enriched,旅行能丰富人们的生活。Watching movies enable our horizon to be broadened.看电影能开阔视野。十四、On no account can we + V (我们绝对不能)例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。On no account can we ignore the importance of education.我们绝对不能忽略教育的重要性。十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是的时候了)例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solvethe traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。十六、Those who (的人)例句：Those who break the law should be punished.违法的人应该受处罚。十七、There is no one but (没有人不)例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.没有人不渴望上大学。There is no one but longs to be a millionaire.没有人不渴望成为百万富翁。十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不)Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled togive up doing sports.由于考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in ourlife.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。二十、That is the reason why (那就是的原因)例句：Summer is hot.That is the reason why I dont like it.夏天很炎热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。Winter is cold. That is the reason why I dont like it.冬天很冷。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式.(过去年来，一直)例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。二十三、It pays to + V (是值得的。)例句：It pays to help others.帮助别人是值得的。二十四、be based on (以为基础)例句：The progress of the society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让明白事)例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。二十七、be closely related to (与息息相关)Taking exercise is closely related to health.做运动与健康息息相关。二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving= make it a rule to + V (养成的习惯)We should get into the habit of previewing and reviewing.我们应该养成预习和复习的习惯。二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, (因为)例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。Thanks to Miss Qins help, I passed the examination.多亏秦老师的帮助，我通过了考试。三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么!)例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise! How important a thing is to keep our promise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事!What an important thing it is to be honest!How important a thing is to be honest!诚实是多么重要的事!三十一、Have a great influence on (对有很大的影响)Smoking has a great influence on our health.抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。三十二、do good to (对.有益)，do harm to (对有害)例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。三十三、Pose a great threat to (对造成一大威胁)例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。Noise poses a great threat to our living.噪音对我们的生活造成一大威胁。三十四、do ones utmost to + V = do ones best (尽全力去)例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。We should do our utmost to help others.我们应尽全力帮助别人。三十五、Among various kinds of ，= Of all the ， 在各种之中?例句：Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。三十六、 In my opinion， = To my mind， = As far as I am concerned， = I am of the opinion that子句 就我的看法;我认为In my opinion, playing copmuter games not only takes much time but also is harmful to health.就我的看法玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。三十七，. Of all the people I know， perhaps non deserves my respect more than 在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人 比更值得我尊敬。例句： Of all the people I know， perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Wang, my English teacher.在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比我的英文老师王老师更值得我尊敬。三十八. 据说 It is said (that)子句一般认为 It is thought (that)子句 大家都知道 It is known (that)子句 据报导 It is reported (that)子句 一般预料 It is expected (that)子句据估计 It is estimated (that)子句 一般相信 It is believed (that)子句例句： Its known that Hangzhou is a beautiful city.众所周知杭州是座美丽的城市。2010中考英语写作高分 写好开头4方式 怎样写好文章的开头开头是作文在阅卷老师面前的第一次亮相，它将决定你所写的文章在阅卷老师心中所留下的第一印象。1. “开门见山”式开头一般来说，文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”，即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。. 对于叙事类的文章，可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头可以是：Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us. 对于论述性的文章，可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点，接着展开进一步的论述。如“The Time and the Money(时间和金钱)” 的开头可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time. But I dont think so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back， but2. 回忆性开头 在描述事件或游记类的文章中，采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇，如never forget (永远无法忘记)、 remember (记得)、unforgettable (难以忘怀的)、 exciting(令人激动的)、surprising(令人惊讶的)、sad (难过的)如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头还以这样写：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettable experience I had.3. 疑问性开头 在叙事类或论述性的文章中，都可采用疑问型开头，这样既可以吸引阅卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“Planting Trees(种树)”的开头可以是：Have you ever planted trees? Dont you think planting trees is 再如“Traveling Abroad(出国之旅)”的开头可以是：If you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore？4. 倒叙式开头在有的文章，特别是叙事类的文章中，可以采用倒叙的写作手法，先写出事件的结果，再陈述过程。如“Catching Thieves (捉贼)”的开头可以这样写：I lay in bed in the hospital. I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt. Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tell you. Its a story.初中英语代词情态动词总结及练习题（一）情态动词的定义 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。（二）情态动词的特点1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。（三）情态动词的分类和意义（四）情态动词的基本用法1. can (could) 1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。 Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。The temperature can fall to 60, that is 60 below freezing. 气温可降至60，也就是零下60。 He cant (couldnt) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。You mustnt smoke while youre walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。3）表示允许。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？ He cant (couldnt) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？Im afraid we couldnt give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。2. may (might) 1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。 He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please dont ./ Youd better not. / No, you mustnt.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。He may be at home. 他可能在家。 She may not know about it.她可能不知道这件事。He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。3. must1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。You mustnt talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。-Must we hand in our exercisebooks now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？-No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustnt）2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。4. shall1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？ Shall the boy wait outside?让那男孩在外面等吗？What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令） You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）5. will1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。 None is so blind as those who wont see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。If you will read the book, Ill lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。2）表请求，用于疑问句。Will you close the window? Its a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。Wont you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 The door wont open. 这门打不开。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。6. should1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 You shouldnt waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。7.would1）表意愿。They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗?Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？They wouldnt have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。8. ought to 1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。You oughtnt to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。9. used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。I usednt (didnt use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。 Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？（一）need和dare的用法 need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。1.用作情态动词-Need I come?-Yes, you must.-我需要来吗？-需要。 You neednt telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。I dont think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。 She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。How dare you say Im unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平？ Not one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事。2.用作实义动词You dont need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。 We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。 I dare day hell come again. 我想他会再来的。（I dare say为固定习语）（二）情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法1.情态动词后跟完成式，表“应当已经”，“想必已经”，“本来可以”等意。I should have finished the work earlier. 我应当早一点完成这项工作的。He isnt here. He must have missed the train. 他还未到，一定是没赶上火车。Where can (could) he have gone? 他能到那里去了呢？ You may (might) have read about it. 你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。You could (might) have been more careful. 你本来可以更细心的。 He neednt have worried about it. 他本不必为此事担心。There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You ought to have come, but why didnt you? 昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来，为何不来呢？2. 情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在”，“可能正在”，“应当正在”等意。Its twelve oclock. They must be having lunch. 现在是十二点。他们一定正在吃饭。They may be discussing this problem. 他们可能正在论讨这个问题。 He cant be telling the truth. 他说的不可能是真话。She shouldnt be working like that. Shes still so weak.她不应当那样干，她身体仍那么虚。（三）几组词的辨异 1. can 和be able to1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而waswere able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。He couldm across the English Channel. But he didnt feel like it that day. 他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。2. must和 have to must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间，在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to代替。I told her that she must give up smoking.我叫她必须戒烟。We had to get everything ready that night.我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。3. would和used to1）used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would只表过去的情况。People used to think that the earth was flat. 过去人们认为地球是平的。（现在人们不这么认为。）She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country. 在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。（可能现在仍有散步的习惯。）2）used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。He used to would smoke while writing. 过去他写东西时常抽烟。 She used to be fat. 她过去很胖。1. I _ you, because I thought I must be wrong.A. dare not ask B. dare not to ask C. dare not asking D. dare to not ask2. There _ some flowers in the garden.A. were used to be B. used to be C. uses to be D. used to be having3. _ I take it out? Im sorry, you _.A. Could .couldnt B. Might.might notC. Could.can D. May.cant4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You _ hurt yourself.A. may B. might C. will D. might have5. You _ those letters. Why didnt you ?A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post.6. All the lights are on, the Smiths _ up.A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get7. He _ lead a horse to the water but he _ not make it drink.A. will.can B. may.can C. may.dares D. dare.can8. Need we do this job now?Yes, _.A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can9. _ to have lunch with us today?A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked10. He said that you _ watch TV all the evening if you wished.A. may B. must C. can D. might11. -Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may12. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. can C. may D. will13. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short.A. needntB. cant C. shouldnt D. wont 14. I thought you _ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.A. may B. might C. can D. could15. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare sayingC. not dare say D. dared say16. Come on! We _ hurry because there isnt much time left.A. may B. must C. can D. need17. Amy did best in the English test. She _ hard last week.A. must have working B. should have worked C. should work D. must work18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to19. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh, did you? You_ with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed20. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack_ be here at any moment.A. must B. need C. should D. can答案：1.A2.B3.D4.D5.B6.C7.B8.C9.B10.D11.D12.C13.B14.B15.D16.B17.A18.D19.A20.C
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