大学英语六级阅读答题技巧.doc

大学英语六级阅读答题技巧快速阅读答题技巧在新六级考试大纲新增题型中，快速阅读(Fast Reading)尤其值得注意。所谓快速阅读，就是在有限的时间内找到所需要的信息既强调速度(Speed)又强调准确度(Accuracy)。熟练掌握快速阅读方法，能够把阅读的目的更直接地投入阅读的过程之中，从而更有效地提高阅读速度，同时也提高了阅读的准确度。这也正是新六级考试大纲所要着重考察的核心。在快速阅读部分，每一篇文章后面都有10道题，包括4道正误判断题和6道短句填空题，考生需要在有限的1 5分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题，最大程度地了解文章的主题、作者的观点并准确地抓住各部分话题的细节内容。相对而言，在以往的六级考试中对这部分的考察相对薄弱，还缺乏能够有效地指引考生较好地完成该部分试题的答题指导。快速阅读，就是在有限的时间内找到所需要的信息既强调速度(Speed)又强调准确度(Accuracy)。根据大纲要求，快速阅读主要考察的技巧是查读(Scanning)和略读(Skimming)。因为熟练掌握这两种阅读方法，能够把阅读的目的更直接地投入到阅读的过程之中，从而更有效 地提高阅读速度，同时提高阅读的准确度。因此，提高略读和查读的能力，有助于我们平时学习时快速查找资料或自己所需要的信息。 1) 略读步骤 所谓略读，顾每思义是一种省略的读法。略读，能够让你以最快的速度阅读，选择性地遗漏某些细节内容，目的是获得文章的主旨大意。在回答主旨题目的时候，略读就能派上用场。不仅如此，进行略读有助于我们了解文章的大意、作者的观点，这样对我们做推论题也大有裨益。 这种选择性的阅读方法，特点是“省略细节找主旨”，注重对全文整体内容的把握。但是，这里需要强调，“省略细节”是选择性的省略。因为主旨也是可以从一些细节中透露出来的，所以有些细节是有助于我们掌握大意的。那么在略读的过程中，关键点就是更多地关注并抓住文章中这些标志性的词句，例如文章的标题、章节标题、斜体字、黑体字、每段的开头和结尾、以及文章中能够代表观点的句子。而其他的个别生词和介绍性质的语句(如说明时间、地点等的词汇)则可以略过。 总之，在采用略读方法的时候，往往能够帮助我们确定：文章的主题和作者的观点(属于主旨题)，文章的结构和作者的风格(属于推论题)。而在略读时，可以遵循以下步骤： a.快速阅读文章第一、二段，抓住文章大意、背景和作者风格，因为作者一般会在文章开头几段概述全文； b.快速浏览找出每段的中心句和几件事实，抓住一两个关键词，如果文中段落大意没有用一句话总结，就自己归纳出大意，在可能蕴含全文主旨的部分进行仔细阅读； c.注意转折词和序列词，有助于我们了解文章的脉络； d.省略不必要的细节内容，从而追求最快的略读速度。2) 查读步骤 查读是以某个细节的关键词为目标，目光很快地扫过文章，直到发现与问题有关的文字，迅速锁定答案。在回答细节题目的时候(也就是我们通常所说的五个“W”和一个“H，即What，Who，When，Where，Why，How)，查读的效率之高就突显出来了。 这种有选择性的阅读，特点是“带着问题找答案”，也就是说，在阅读文章之前就已经明白要回答什么样的问题，要找出什么方面的信息，然后带着这些问题进行阅读，在文章中找出某些具体的事实和信息。就像我们查电话号码本一样，可以根据被查询者姓名的开头字母，按字母顺序快速找出电话号码。 这种“带着问题找答案”的方法，关键点就在于要熟悉不同体裁文章中信息的分布特点，就像查电话号码本一样，必须首先了解它是按照字母顺序编排的。否则，如果我们不熟悉这种信息的分布特点，那就很难快速地找到所需信息。例如，我们平时查看报纸上的娱乐版、体育版等等，就必须了解报纸排版的分布特点。这些不同体裁的文章的信息分布特点就是我们在进行阅读，尤其是查读的时候，必须首先了解的内容。 因此，在运用查读技巧的时候，可以遵循以下步骤： a首先，确定自己要找的信息：在阅读文章之前，目光快速扫描一遍后面的题目；b其次，了解文章的信息分布：可查读各章节小标题进行定位，确定可能含有所需信息的部分； c最后，找出所需的具体信息：在已经定位的区域，快速阅读直至锁定答案。 3) 综合步骤 快速阅读题不仅需要我们通过查读方法来回答细节题，同时也需要我们运用略读方法回答主旨题和推论题。因此，我们必须将略读和查读步骤统一起来，综合使用。归纳起来，应有以下步骤： a略读文章前一、二段和各小标题，归纳出文章的主旨；(原略读第一步) b目光快速扫描一遍文后题目，回答主旨题，确定其他题目关键词；(原查读第一步) c根据关键词，查读各章节小标题，定位可能含有所需细节信息的部分；(综合原查读和略读第二步) d快速通读已经定位的段落，找出与题目相关的句子确定答案；(原查读第三步) e对蕴含全文观点的段落进行细读，判断作者态度并进行逻辑推理，完成推论题。 现在就以最新样题中的快速阅读题为例，分析如何在答题步骤中综合运用这两种技巧。Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions：In this part，you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1For questions1-4，markY(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage；N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage； NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage For questions 5-l0, complete the sentences with the information given in the passageRainforests Tropical rainforests are the most diverse ecosystem(生态系统)on Earth，and also the oldestToday, tropical rainforests cover only 6 percent of the EarthS ground surface，but they are home to over half of the planets plant and animal speciesWhat Is a Rainforest?Generally speaking, a rainforest is an environment that receives high rainfall and is dominated by tall trees. A wide range of ecosystems fall into this category, of course. But most of the time when people talk about rainforests, they mean the tropical rainforests located near the equator.These rainforests receive between 160 and 400 inches of rain per year. The total annual rainfall is spread pretty evenly throughout the year, and the temperature rarely dips below 60 degrees Fahrenheit.This steady climate is due to the position of rainforests on the globe. Because of the orientation of the Earths axis, the Northern and Southern hemispheres each spend part of the year tilted away from the sun. Since rainforests are at the middle of the globe, located near the equator, they are not especially affected by this change. They receive nearly the same amount of sunlight, and therefore heat, all year. Consequently, the weather in these regions remains fairly constant.The consistently wet, warm weather and ample sunlight give plant life everything it needs to thrive. Trees have the resources to grow to tremendous heights, and they live for hundreds, even thousands, of years. These giants, which reach 60 to 150 ft in the air, form the basic structure of the rainforest. Their top branches spread wide in order to capture maximum sunlight. This creates a thick canopy (树冠) level at the top of the forest, with thinner greenery levels underneath. Some large trees grow so tall that they even tower over the canopy layer.As you go lower, down into the rainforest, you find less and less greenery. The forest floor is made up of moss, fungi, and decaying plant matter that has fallen from the upper layers. The reason for this decrease in greenery is very simple: The overabundance of plants gathering sunlight at the top of the forest blocks most sunlight from reaching the bottom of the forest, making it difficult for robust plants to thrive.The Forest for the TreesThe ample sunlight and extremely wet climate of many tropical areas encourage the growth of towering trees with wide canopies. This thick top layer of the rainforest dictates the lives of all other plants in the forest. New tree seedlings rarely survive to make it to the top unless some older trees die, creating a hole in the canopy. When this happens, all of the seedlings on the ground level compete intensely to reach the sunlight.Many plant species reach the top of the forest by climbing the tall trees. It is much easier to ascend this way, because the plant doesnt have to form its own supporting structure.Some plant species, called epiphytes, grow directly on the surface of the giant trees. These plants, which include a variety of orchids and ferns, make up much of the understory, the layer of the rainforest right below the canopy. Epiphytes are close enough to the top to receive adequate light, and the runoff from the canopy layer provides all the water and nutrients (养分) they need, which is important since they dont have access to the nutrients in the ground.Stranglers and ButtressesSome epiphytes eventually develop into stranglers. They grow long, thick roots that extend down the tree trunk into the ground. As they continue to grow, the roots form a sort of web structure all around the tree. At the same time, the strangler plants branches extend upward, spreading out into the canopy, Eventually, the strangler may block so much light from above, and absorb such a high percentage of nutrients from the ground below, that the host tree dies.Competition over nutrients is almost as intense as competition for light. The excessive rainfall rapidly dissolves nutrients in the soil, making it relatively infertile except at the top layers. For this reason, rainforest tree roots grow outward to cover a wider area, rather than downward to lower levels. This makes rainforest trees somewhat unstable, since they dont have very strong anchors in the ground Some trees compensate for this by growing natural buttresses. These buttresses are basically tree trunks that extend out from the side of the tree and down to the ground, giving the tree additional support.Rainforest trees are dependent on bacteria that are continually producing nutrients in the ground Rainforest bacteria and trees have a very close, symbiotic (共生的) relationship. The trees provide the bacteria with food, in the form of fallen leaves and other material, and the bacteria break this material down into the nutrients that the trees need to survive.One of the most remarkable things about rainforest plant life is its diversity. The temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest are mainly composed of a dozen or so tree species. A tropical rainforest , on the other hand, might have 300 distinct tree species.;All Creatures, Great and SmallRainforests are home to the majority of animal species in the world. And a great number of species who now live in other environments, including humans, originally inhabited the rainforests. Researchers estimate that in a large rainforest area, there may be more than 10 million different animal species.Most of these species have adapted for life in the upper levels of the rainforest, where food is most plentiful. Insects, which can easily climb or fly from tree to tree, make up the largest group (ants are the most abundant animal in the rainforest). Insect species have a highly symbiotic relationship with the plan! life in a rainforest. The insects move from plant to plant, enjoying the wealth of food provided there. As they travel, the insects may pick up the plants seeds, dropping them some distance away. This helps to disperse the population of the plant species over a larger area.The numerous birds of the rainforest also play a major part in seed dispersal. When they eat fruit from; a plant, the seeds pass through their digestive system. By the time they excrete (排泄) the seeds, the bird may have flown many miles away from the fruit-bearing tree.There are also a large number of reptiles and mammals in the rainforest. Since the weather is so hoi and humid during the day, most rainforest mammals are active only at night, dusk or dawn. The many rainforest bat species are especially well adapted for this lifestyle. Using their sonar, bats navigate easily through the mass of trees in the rainforest, feeding on insects and fruit.While most rainforest species spend their lives in the trees, there is also a lot of life on the forest floor.Great apes, wild pigs, big cats and even elephants can all be found in rainforests. There are a number of people who live in the rainforests, as well. These tribeswhich, up until recently, numbered in the thousandsare being forced out of the rainforests at an alarming rate because of deforestation.DeforestationIn the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests at an alarming rate. Today, roughly 1.5 acres of rainforest are destroyed every second. People are cutting down the rainforests in pursuit of three major resources: Land for crops Lumber for paper and other wood products Land for livestock pasturesIn the current economy, people obviously have a need for all of these resources. But almost all experts agree that, overtime, we will suffer much more from the destruction of the rainforests than we will benefit.The worlds rainforests are an extremely valuable natural resource, to be sure, but not for their lumber or their land. They are the main cradle of life on Earth, and they hold millions of unique life forms that we have yet to discover. Destroying the rainforests is comparable to destroying an unknown planetwe have no idea what were losing. If deforestation continues at its current rate, the worlds tropical rainforests will be wiped out within 40 years.Questions:1. Virtually all plant and animal species on Earth can be found in tropical rainforests.2. There is not much change in the weather in the tropical rainforests all the year round.3. The largest number of rainforests in the world are located on the African continent.4. Below the canopy level of a tropical rainforest grows an overabundance of plants.5. New tree seedlings will not survive to reach the canopy level unless _.6. Epiphytes, which form much of the understory of the rainforest, get all their water and nutrients from_7. Stranglers are so called because they _by blocking for the nutrients.8. Since rainforest bacteria and trees depend on each other for life, the relationship they form is termed_9. Plant species are dispersed over a larger area with the help of _,10. As we are still ignorant of millions of unique life forms in the rainforest, deforestation can be compared to the destruction of _对试点样卷的详细解答如下：1 N.细节题。文章第一段综述了“热带雨林是地球上最古老、最具多态性的生态系统。如今热带雨林仅占地表面积6%，但它却是一半以上的地球生物的家园。”对照第一段第二句 “but” 后面的“they are home to over half of the planets plant and animal species与题目中的Virtually all plant and animal species on Earth can be found in tropical rainforests可以知道“over half of”与“virtually all”是有出入的。 2Y细节题。本题考查热带雨林的全年天气情况。文章第四段的首句谈到了热带雨林的气候：“This steadv climate is due to the position of rainforests on the globe，注意这儿用了“steady一词。在第四段的结尾得出本段的总结句“Consequently，the weather in these regions remains fairlv constant注意这儿又用了“constant”，意为“持续不变的”。3NG推断题。快速浏览各小标题可以发现，文中并没有专门谈到热带雨林在各大洲的分布情况。第二段最后一句谈到了“热带雨林主要分布在赤道两侧”，但这并不能推断出“世界上大部分热带雨林位于非洲大陆”。 4N细节题。此题的信息词是“canopy”和“overabundance of plants”。不难找出在第五段倒数第二句出现了“canopy”这个词，阅读此句会发现一个很重要的词“thinner”。也就可以知道“树冠下的植被并不茂密”。第六段的最后一句话对此作出了解释。故可以得出“树冠下并没有生长着茂密的植被”。 5some older trees die.根据题中“tree seedlings”可以定位到文中小标题“The Forest for the Trees”，此部分第一段第三句与此题一致，可以直接得出答案。 6the canopy layer.此题的信息词为“epiphytes”，“water，“nutrients”。文中第一次出现“epiphytes(附生植物)”这个词在小标题“The Forest for the Trees”下面的第三段第一句话，再往下快速浏览，会找到“water”，“nutrients等词，答案也就很容易找到了。7kill the host tree.此题关键词是“the strangler”。根据关键词在文中找到小标题“Stranglers and Buttresses”下面的内容，此部分的第一段结尾处解释了“Stranglers”的摧毁作用与原因，尤其注意“that the host tree dies”。本题的叙述只是换了一种说法。 8Symbiotic.根据题目中关键词“rainforest bacteria，“trees，“the relationship”可以在“Stranglers and Buttresses”部分的第三段的第一、二句话中找到对应的说法“Rainforest bacteria and trees have a very close，symbiotic(共生的)relationship” 9insects and birds. 从本题的信息词“plant species”可以定位到文中小标题“All Creatures，Great and Small”部分去找答案，根据信息词“dispersed over a larger area”不难在本部分第二段最后一句和第三段首句找出答案，即“昆虫和鸟儿在植物种子散布方面起到重要的作用。10an unknown planet.本题信息词“deforestation提示我们答案应该在本文的小标题“Deforestation”部分。从倒数第一段的倒数第二句“Destroying the rainforests is comparable to destroying an unknown planet-we have no idea what were losing可以找到答案。从以上题目可知，出题顺序与原文顺序一致。因此，考生在做题时，可以按题号顺序做题， 依次在文中寻找答案。下一题的答案一般都在上一题的答案之后出现。从题目类型看，快速阅读题的4道正误判断题，一般由主旨题、细节题和推论题构成。细节题，就是针对文章的具体内容设计的；主旨题，主要是对文章的大意、作者的观点进行正误判断。推论题，就是对文章的结论、作者的态度和文章的逻辑进行推理。不同类型的考题，可选用不同的阅读方法找到答案(见快速阅读解题步骤)。另外6道短句填空题，则是具体针对某一部分内容出题，相对集中在某个小标题下面的几个段落。在做快速阅读的时候，需要注意一些做题细节，同时还必须避免一些误区。1) 对号入座 正误判断题：如果题目使用的是原文的同义词、同义表达法以及对原文的简单归纳或者题目表达的范畴小于原文范畴(即原文内容包含题目)，应判断为Y；如果题目使用的是原文的反义词、反义表达法、信息与原文相矛盾或者题目表达的范畴大于原文范畴(即原文内容不包含题目)，应判断为N；如果是原文未提及的内容、混淆了的事实和非事实(如愿望、想法等)，应判断为NG。特别需要注意的是，推论题经常会出现原文未提及的内容或在原文中找不到依据。所以做推论题时特别要小心判断NG的情况。 短句填空题：依据题目中的关键词，在原文中找答案。大多数情况下，题目的句子结构与原文句子结构几乎一样，只要确定了关键词，就能快速定位答案。但有些情况，如题目改变单词词性或者句子结构作了调整(如动词变形容词，状语成分变成定语从等)，这对我们定位答案并无太大影响，只要确定其在文中的位置，也能获得答案。在做短句填空的时候，一定要注意填数字的题目别忘了带上单位，比如“￥，$，mile， F， C，kmh”等。2) 必须以原文为依据切记：原文是我们答题时的唯一判断依据。不能凭空猜想或借助自己已有的知识。 这一点在区分N还是NG时显得格外重要，考生经常在这里失分。就算自己的知识储备相当全面，但是原文中没有提及，也只能回答NG，而不是N。3) 注意修饰性词汇 在回答细节题的时候，题目经常会使用修饰性的词汇。最常见的有：both，only，all，never，always，usually，等等。在时间有限的压力下，考生们经常会匆匆掠过答案所在的段落，来不及仔细分析其中的确切含义。在回答细节题目的时候，往往不注意这些修饰性的小词，导致判断失误。因此，当出现这些词的时候，考生要高度警惕。大部分的情况下，出现这些词的细节题答案是N，当然并非绝对。4) 不要过度推断 过度推断的情况，大多出现在回答主旨题和推论题的时候。因为这两类题目需要考生在原文基础上适度地思考推理，才能得出正确答案。而考生经常掌握不好这个“度”，要不就是推错了方向，要不就是推理得太深，导致该回答Y的时候，错答成了N。5) 平时训练 在平时训练快速阅读时，除了灵活运用查读和略读技巧之外，还要有意识地训练自己的短期记忆能力和眼睛移动的技能。由于我们需要“带着问题找答案”，所以要靠短期记忆记住题目或题目关键词，进行阅读。如果我们短期记忆不够好，阅读完了又忘了题目，再去看题定位，速度没有了，准确度更是谈不上了。至于眼睛移动(Eye Movement)技巧，则是通过训练来增加我们眼睛每次在纸上停留时的跨度(Eye Span)，即提高每次能看到的单词数量，这样在阅读同一段文字的时候，能够减少眼睛停留的次数，从而达到提高阅读速度的目的。 6) 避免错误情况 在进行快速阅读时，有些错误情况需要避免。如：边看边读出声音；边看边用笔指着；心里默念；逐字阅读等。这些错误方法都会影响我们的阅读速度。仔细阅读答题技巧1 选择题型的篇章阅读理解这部分是考生们最为熟悉的四选一的选择题。新老试卷最大的区别就是由原来的四篇文章二 十道题变为两篇文章十道题。而其他方面无论是选材的特点，文章的长度，出题的思路，解题的技巧都秉承了传统，考生们还是应该根据历年的真题，好好复习。从样题看，主要还是考察考生的两大能力，即抓住主题和定位原文。要求考生读完一篇文章之后，能够抓住文章的主题，然后根据题干中的中心词迅速返回原文定位到某一句话，最后根据同义改写的原则，选出正确答案。传统阅读题，在体裁上包含了常所用的各种文体，如记叙文、说明文、议论文、人物传记、新闻报道等。考题类型一般有细节题、主旨题、词义辨析题和推论题。而各类题目大都有自己的惯用句式。这些句式可以帮助考生了解考点是什么，要使用什么方法找到答案。所以，熟悉一些惯用句式对我们是非常有益的。现将惯用句式列举如下：1)细节题 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?All the following statements are mentioned in the passage except that_According to the passage，who(when，where，what，why，etc).?2)主旨题The major point discussed in the passage is_The best title for this passage would be_The passage tells us_The authors purpose in writing this passage is to_3)词义推测题The phrase“.”most probably means_The phrase“.”in the context means_The word“”in Line X refers to_Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence“”?4)推论题It can be inferredindicated from the passage that_It can be concluded from the passage that_What is the authors attitude towards the.?The example ofis given to illustrate that_-在了解完题型分类之后，我们就要弄清做题顺序。实际上，要做好传统阅读题，还是需要将查读、略读和细读结合在一起。具体答题步骤如下：a仔细阅读文章第一段和最后一段。这两段通常会概括文章的主旨，也就是文后主旨题的答案。 ，b回答主旨题。在看完两段话之后，可以先回答后面的主旨题。c查读文后细节题。根据文后题目，在文中找寻关键词。这些关键词有助于我们找到所需信息在文中的位置，完成细节题和词义推测题。d. 略读文章。抓住文章里的标志性语言，段首句和段尾句(同“略读解题方法”)等，完成推论题。 2 篇章层次的词汇理解(Banked Cloze)或简答(Short Answer Questions) 1)篇章选词题这种新题型，对于众多考生而言，既陌生又有一定的难度，具有较强的区分度。从样题看，篇章选词题在一篇长度为250300个单词左右的文章当中去除了10个单词，后面提供15个单词选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。该部分测试重点在于把握文章的结构，主要考察考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征的把握以及单词在实际语境中的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上了解文章的宏观结构，理解掌握具体的单词。新题型并口原本的词汇题相比，更注重实际运用，从对单一的一句话的考察上升到对篇章的理解。篇章词汇部分，与完型填空有些相似，都是从备选答案中选出一词填入短文中。但是，很大程度上不同于完型填空的是，篇章词汇题侧重对短文的整体把握，侧重句子层次上实词的运用 (包括句子内、句子之间和段落层次间)，而非单词层次上的理解(如词义、语法等细节上的区分)。从这一点看，篇章词汇理解题与快速阅读的目的是一致的，即强调考生对阅读篇章的整体理解。要做好篇章词汇理解测试这类题型，要求考生对文章整体能够细致理解与快速把握，需要运用查读和略读的方法。略读是要抓住文章的中心思想，而查读则是重点关注选择项的词性。可以遵循以下步骤：1)答题前： a略读全文，抓住文章的主题重点关注每段段首句和段末句； b查读选择项，根据词性对选项进行分类。 如以下练习： Nature has a perfect system for recycling waterWater is used again and againIt falls as rainThen it goes to one of three placesIt might seep_1_through the soil as it soaks through into the natural reservoirs undergroundIt might_2_into the air by evaporating quicklyIt might run off into streams to rivers and to the oceans There is a problem with this recycling systemIt is a balance that can be easily upset by peopleNatures_3_system can work well only if people work with the system-not against itSome ways that people interfere with nature are_4_to understandDirty sewage water from homes and factories must not_5_with drinking waterPeople would get_6_from drinking dirty water There are other ways that people_7_ natureSome of these ways are not SO easy to understandFor example，a marshy bog may not be good for everything，but it serves an important purposeThe soft，wet soil of a bog allows water to_8_the underground reservoirsWhat happens to the balance of nature if the bog is filled in? Many housing development projects have been built where_9_once wereThe_10_of the houses are likely to have problemsThey are likely to water，to flood in rainy seasonsHuge storm sewers are built to carry away with the water from wet areasThese huge pipes prevent wet basements in the house of the community.A) mix I) marshesB) reach J) easyC) disappear K)hinder D) join L) basementsE) greatly M) benefitF) slowly N) recyclingG）sick O) waterH) quality根据词性分类，选项中有5个名词、6个动词、2个形容词和2个副词。5个名词是H)、I)、L)、N)、O)；6个动词是A)、B)、C)、D)、K)、M)；2个形容词是G)、J)；2个副词是E)、F)。其中N)为动名词2）答题时： a分析填空处，选择合适的单词根据空处的前后确定空处单词的词性、单复数及时态，b重读全文，注意上下文的连贯将10处空填完后，再完整地把文章看一遍。下面是对这部分的解答：1F.此空要求填副词。此句的意思是“水渗透进土壤就像是浸透进天然的地下水库”。选项中的副词“greatly表示“非常、“很”，不符合原意，故选F项。2C此空要求填动词。“通过快速的蒸发，水在空中。此空应表示“消失”的意思。故选C项。3N.此空要求填名词。根据上下文可知，本段的第一句也提到“recycling system。故选N项。4J.此空要求填形容词。此空应该在略读全文之后，根据第三段的内容做出选择。此空之后的两句话就证明了此句的观点：非常容易理解。第三段第二句话“Some of these ways ar