AdjectiveClauses形容词性从句.ppt

AdjectiveClauses ExplanationandPractice WhatisanAdjective AnAdjectivedescribesanoun Remembernounscaneitherbesubjects objectsorobjectsofprepositions Whichwordsareadjectives unkindfastvaluecarelesssilentlyold Whichwordsareadjectives WhatisanAdjectiveClause AnAdjectiveclauseisadependentclause dependentword subjectandverb thatdescribesanoun Youcanimaginethatanadjectiveclauseistakingtwosentencesaboutthesamenounandmakingthemintoonesentence WhatisanAdjectiveClause Examples Route66isalongroad ThisroadgoesfromChicagotoCalifornia Route66isalongroadthatgoesfromChicagotoCalifornia ThepostcardshowsabeautifulvistaoftheGreciancoastline Iboughtthepostcard ThepostcardwhichIboughtshowsabeautifulvistaoftheGreciancoastline SubjectRelativePronouns Weuserelativepronounstocreatedependentclauses Therelativepronounreplacesthewordincommonbetweenthetwosentences Sometimes therelativepronounwillbethesubjectofthedependentclause SubjectRelativePronouns SubjectRelativePronounsPeople WhoorThatThingsorAnimals WhichorThatPossessive WhoseExamples Route66isalongroadwhichgoesfromChicagotoCalifornia Examples ThepostcardshowsabeautifulvistaoftheGreciancoastline Iboughtthepostcard ThepostcardwhichIboughtshowsabeautifulvistaoftheGreciancoastline ObjectRelativePronouns Sometimes therelativepronounwillreplacetheobjectinthedependentclauseortheobjectofapreposition Toconnectthistypeofclause therelativepronounmustbemovedtothefrontoftheclause infrontofthesubject ObjectRelativePronounsPeople Whom WhoorThatThingsorAnimals WhichorThatPossessive Whose ThingstoRemember Therelativepronounreplacesthenoun don tuseitandthenouninthedependentclause Example Thepostcardispretty Iboughtthepostcard Incorrect ThepostcardwhichIboughtthepostcardispretty Correct ThepostcardwhichIboughtispretty Therelativepronounmustbenexttotheworditdescribes Example Incorrect Thesharksopenedtheirmouthswhiletheyswambytheboatwhichwerefullofsharpteeth Correct Thesharksopenedtheirmouthswhichwerefullofsharpteethwhiletheyswambytheboat ThingstoRemember FormalwrittenEnglish Informal academicEnglishinadjectiveclauseswithobjectrelativepronouns forpeople weusewhom Inadjectiveclauseswithanobjectofapreposition bringtheprepositionforwardandusewhomorwhich Example JackLondon whomIadmire wrotealotofshortstories Ratherthan JackLondon whoIadmire wrotealotofshortstories Example Thepresidencyisthepositiontowhichmanypoliticiansaspire Ratherthan Thepresidencyisthepositionthatmanypoliticiansaspireto ThingstoRemember Youmustunderstandwhetherornotthedependentclauseisessentialinformationorextrainformationintheunderstandingofthenoun Thisimpactsthemeaningandthepunctuation Essentialclausesarealsocalledidentifyingorrestrictive WeDONOTusecommaswiththeseclauses Extraclausesarealsocallednon identifyingornon restrictive WEMUSTusecommaswiththeseclauses Wecannotusetherelativepronounthat ThingstoRemember Canyouunderstandadifferencebetweenthesetwosentences Mysister wholivesinBelAir hasthreechildren MysisterwholivesinBelAirhasthreechildren InwhichsentenceisitclearthatIhavemorethanonesister Whataboutbetweenthesetwosentences Helookedintherefrigerator andhethrewawaythefoodwhichwasrotten Helookedintherefrigerator andhethrewawaythefood whichwasrotten Inwhichsentenceisallofthefoodintherefrigeratorrotten Identifyingvs Non Identifying Thinkaboutifalistenerorreaderwouldbeabletoidentifythenounwithouttheadjectiveclause Example Heisthemanwhoworksatthegrocerystore Thisisessential identifying information Thinkaboutitastwosentences Heisaman Heworksatthegrocerystore Withoutthesecondsentence youcouldn tidentifyhim Noticethatabecomethebecausethenounchangesfromindefinitetodefinitebecauseoftheidentification Identifyingvs Non Identifying Thinkaboutifalistenerorreaderwouldbeabletoidentifythenounwithouttheadjectiveclause Example Maria whoworksasaphysician sassistant enjoysherjob Thisisextra non identifying information Thinkaboutitastwosentences Mariaenjoysherjob Mariaworksasaphysician sassistant Youknowhernamefromthefirstsentence Thisisenoughtoidentifyher