初一英语名词讲解及练习.doc

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名词1、 名词分类:名词分为普通名词和专有名词普通名词:表示同一类的人或物的名称,又可分为个体名词,如boy, house, insect, tiger等;物质名词,如air, snow, bread, rice等;抽象名词,如glory, honesty, failure, education等。专有名词:表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称,如Cheng Du, China, Obama, China Central Television等。名词的两大考点:数与格二、名词的数1.普通名词:可数名词和不可数名词(1)可数名词:包括个体名词和集体名词个体名词: 表示个体的人或事物名称的词。如:teacher, student, boy, book, bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。A. 单数 表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时,名词前需加 a 或 an。如 a book(一本书)、an apple(一个苹果)、an orange(一个橘子)等。B. 复数 表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pencils(两枝铅笔)、three weeks(三周)等。 集合名词:表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如:people, family, class, furniture复数形式的构成有两种:规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。规则名词复数形式的构成词形复数形式的构成方法 例 词 大多数名词 在词尾加-s。(在清辅音后读s,在浊辅音及元音后读z。) catcatsbook-booksdog-dogsbagbagsboy- boys 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词 在词尾加 -es, 读作iz。 glassglassesmatchmatches 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词 把 y 变成 i , 加 -es, 读作iz citycities 但专有名词例外,直接在 y后加-s, 读作z CanadianCanadians AmericanAmericans以辅音字母 +o 结尾的名词 一般直接加 -es,读作z; tomatotomatoespotato potatoes某些词例外,加 -skilo-kilos, pianopianos, photophotos以元音字母+o结尾的名词 直接加 -s, 但读作z zoozoosradioradios 以f或fe结尾的名词 有的直接加 -s, 读作z roofroofs 大多数要将f或fe变为v,再加-es,读作z leafleaveswifewives knifeknivesyourself-yourselves不规则名词复数形式的构成复数形式的构成特点 例 词 通过改变词内元音字母 manmen footfeettoothteeth mousemice(老鼠) 通过在词尾加-en或-ren oxoxen(牛) childchildren 单复数形式相同 a sheeptwo sheep a deertwo deer(鹿)a Chinesetwo Chinese(中国人) 注意事项:只能用于复数形式的名词有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks单数名词用于复数含义: people, public, police特殊名词的讲解:people 作“人们,人民”解时,只有复数形式,谓语动词作复数。作“民族”解时,单复数不同,复数要在词尾加s。There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。 There are fifty-six peoples in our country.我们国家有56个民族。clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词,谓语作复数。例:My favorite clothes are pants. pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts,scissors等名词,由两部分构成,常以复数形式出现,谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示,此时如作主语,谓语要作单数看待。例:Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine. 集体名词看作整体时,谓语用单数; 指成员时,谓语用复数。 His family is a large family. 指整体 His family like animals. 指成员有的名词单复数意思不同:例:hair 和fruit 通常作单数,表示总体。My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。I like fruit .Its good for you.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果,则需用复数形式. Homer Simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发。She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨,桃和其它水果。(2)不可数名词:包括物质名词和抽象名词物质名词:表示无法分为个体的名词。如:coffee, hair, juice, water, rice抽象名词:表示状态,品质,动作,感情等抽象概念的名词。如:health, happiness, help个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词可数名词不可数名词普通名词 专有名词注意事项:1. 不可数名词没有复数变化,不能与a/an 或表示具体数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little等词。如; some water/ apple juice/ milk 2. 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用:数词+量词+Of+名词 来表述。用量词修饰时,首先要注意量词的单复数;然后要注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如: one bag of rice. one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice . ten kilos of apples.对量词的提问句型对可数名词的数量提问用how many;对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much,但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。如: I would like two apples. How many apples would you like? I want some bread. How much bread do you want?I want three glasses of water.How many glasses of water do you want?询问价格用How much,如: How much is the coat? How much are the coats?二. 名词的所有格所有格的构成 :1. 有生命的名词 2. 无生命的名词有生命的名词 (1)一般单数名词后加s. 如:my brothers book,Jacks cat,the girls pen (2)以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格,只需在名词右上方加。 如:the girls dormitory,a teachers college 注意:在不规则复数名词后,要加s.如:womens clothes.(3)如果一样东西为两个人共有,在后一个名词词尾加s, 如: Tom and Peters room 汤姆和彼得的房间(共有) (4) 如果一样东西不是共有的,两个名词都要加s. 如: Toms and Peters rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间(不共有)无生命名词: 无生命的名词的所有格,通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。如:the windows of the room (房间的窗户) a picture of the horse (一张马的照片)名词习题一 写出下列名词的复数形式: 1. house _ 2. it _ 3. zoo _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10. city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. this_ 22. German _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. kilo _ 26. human _ 27. potato _ 28. Chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. Japanese _ 31. leaf _ 32. American _ 33. life _ 34. tooth _ 35. wife _ 36. foot _ 37. knife _ 38. sheep _ 39. half _ 40. child _ 41.tooth _ 42.mouth_二选择填空: 1. I want to buy _. A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. They dont have to do _ today. A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks 3. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture. A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 4. June 1 is _. A. childrens day B. childrens Day C. Childrens Day D. Childrens day 5. _ room is next to their parents. A. Kates and Joans B. Kates and Joan C. Kate and Joans D. Kate and Joan 6. Miss Green is a friend of _. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mary mothers D. mothers of Mary 7. Sheep _ white and milk _ also white. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 8. Id like to have a glass of milk and _. A. two breads B. two pieces of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 9. Many _ are singing over there. A. woman B. women C. girl D. child 10. He bought _. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 11. Mr. White has three _. A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 12. -Are these _? - No, they arent. Theyre _. A.sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows 13. There are many _ in the fridge. A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 14. - Whose room is this? - Its _. A. Li Ming B. Li Mings C. Li Mings D. Li Mings 15. Here are _ for you, Sue. A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato 16. Here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her. A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes 17. I always go to that _ to buy food on Sunday. A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden 18. _ room is on the 5th floor. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys 19. Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _. A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges 20. 10. The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices21. I met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day. A. Janpaneses B. American C. Chineses D. English 22. There are two _ in the room. A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves 23. There are seven _ in a week. A. years B. months C. days D. minutes 24. My father is a _. He works in a hospital. A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer 25. - Excuse me, are you _? - Yes, Im from _. A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, America26. They are _ jackets. A. Lucy s B. Lucy 27. What color is _ coat. A. Peters B. Peter 28. These are _ books. A. teacherss B. teachers 29. They are _ ice creams A. children B. childrens30. This is _ bag. A. Tom and Peter B.Toms and Peters 31. Where are _ . A. the schools students B. students of the school 32. Those are _ bags. A. driverss B. drivers33.This bag is _ . A. Marys and Toms B. Mary and Toms34. _ fathers are coming. A. Marys and Kates B. Marys and Kate C. Mary and Kates35.How _ are these books? A. many B. much 36. This pair of pants _ blue. I like _ very much. A. is, it B. are, them C. is, them D. are, it 37.How _ glasses of water do you want? A. many B. much 38. This is _. A. Mike and Jims bike B. Mikes and Jim bike C. Mikes and Jims bike D. Mike and Jim bike 39. These are _.A. Amy and Linglings room B. Amys and Linglings roomC. Amys and Linglings rooms D. Amy and Linglings room40. My _ _ big and my _ _ happy. A. family is family are B. family is families are三根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1. I have a lot of _ to do. (homework)2. There are seven _ in a week. (day)3. How many _ can you see? (tomato)4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of _. (glass)5. There are five _ in the picture. (child )6. There are two_ over there(bench)7. I like taking _(photo)8. l can see two_ standing there(woman)9. There are two baskets of_ on the floor(apple)10.There are three_(knife)11. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?12. There is some_(food) in the basket.13. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.14. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.15. There are five_(people ) in his family.16. Lets take_(photo), OK? 17. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.18. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.19. Their_(dictionary) are very new.20. I see you have a few white_(hair).21. They are_(woman) doctors.22. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please?23. There are many_(fox) in the picture.24. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very thirsty.四将下列句子变成复数形式1This is a knife. _2That is a tomato. _3She has a wish. _4That child is very lovely. _5. He is looking after the baby._6. Its a big heavy box. _7. This picture is nice._ 8. She is a beautiful woman._9. Im a good child. _10. Thats a delicious peach._五 将下列句子改为单数句子1. These are red coats. _2. Whore the boys? Theyre my students._3. Theyre women workers here. _4. Are they playing basketball now? Yes, they are._5. What are they? They are buses. _6. Those are beautiful flowers._ 7. We have many old pictures._六 翻译下列词组一瓶牛奶 一杯茶 一双鞋子 两条裤子 三杯桔子汁 六包盐五千克鸡蛋 一些面包 一点水
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