高考名词性从句讲解(主语和表语从句).doc

高考名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面：1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题（疑问词）+主语+谓语+其它2. 考查引导词that与what的区别3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. 考查whether与if的区别：除宾语从句中可以用if，其它从句只能用whether. 5. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题6. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别【语法要点剖析】主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why一、主语从句在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. It is known to us how he became a writer. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 1. 由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me. That she survived the accident is a miracle.2. 用连词 whether 引导的主语从句:whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。例如：Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.备注：It doesnt matter if 是固定句型。3.用连接代词引导的主语从句(在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分，有意义)。例如：What you need is more practice. What I want to know is this. Whatever we do is to serve the people.*whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句的区分：Whatever 相当于anything that , 是 what 的强调形式，表示“无论什么”。 Whatever she does is right.Whoever相当于anyone who,是who 的强调形式，表示“无论谁，任何的人”。Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.Whichever“无论哪个，无论哪些”，既可以指人，也可以指物，可以单独使用，可以修饰名词，也可以后跟of短语。Whichever book you borrow doesnt matter to us.4.用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)eg:Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasnt been made pubic.5. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末，但是不能代替由what引导的主语从句。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句 （2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that即学即练：1_they are most interested in is how they can produce more and better cars. A. That B. What C. When D. Whether 2_well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where3. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. _ surprised me most was that such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That B. What C. Whether D. When 5. _ we go swimming every day _us a lot of good.A. Ifdo B. Thatdo C. Ifdoes D. Thatdoes 6. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that7. Its uncertain(不确定） _ the exhibition will be hold in Shanghai.A. if B. that C. whether D. how8. Its certain(不确定） _ the exhibition will be hold in Shanghai.A. if B. that C. whether D. how9. _ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10. _ we cant have seems better than what we have.A. What B. Who C. That D. whose11. _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12. _ team will win the match is none of my business.A. Which B. That C. If D. How13. _is going to do the job will be decided by the CEO.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who14. _ well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That二、表语从句在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有：be, look, remain, seem等。注意：关联词不能省略，并且从句用陈述语序。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。但是reason 后面的定语从句可以用why 或that引导。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 【附加】在名词性从句中that与what的区别:that在名词性从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用，没有意义，不能省略（在宾语从句中能省略）。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.what在名词性从句中充当句子成分，起连接作用，有意义，不能省略。what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词+ that。理解为双重身份。如：Do what he says. What (=The thing that) he said was true. 名词性从句的两大难点一、 wh-ever 与no matter +疑问词的用法区别wh-ever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句；而no matter +疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：Whatever I said, he wouldnt listen to me.=No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me.He would believe whatever I said.二、 doubt 与sure 后的名词性从句 doubt用于肯定句时，后用whether 或if 引导的宾语从句；用于否定句或疑问句时，后用that 引导的宾语从句。Sure用于肯定句时，后接that引导的宾语从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if引导的宾语从句。如：We doubt whether they can complete the work ahead of time.He didnt doubt that they would give him another chance to have a try.Im not sure whether he is innocent. 我不确信他是否是无辜的。Im sure that exercise is a good way of losing weight.即学即练：1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left it.A. where B. there C. there where D. where there4The problem is _to take the place of Ted.A. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reason is_I missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what7. That is we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what8. The truth is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether9. -I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much.A. why B. when C. what D. because10. The reason why he hasnt come is _.A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill11. -He was born here.-That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. whythat/what的区别练习：1_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are2. The trouble is_we are short of tools.A. what B. that C. how D. why that3. America was _was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where4. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such5. _he really means is _ he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. What what D. That what主语从句：BBCB DDCB AACA DA 答案DBACCACADCCBthat/what的区别DBACA名词性从句专项练习100题1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I dont know _.”A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she comeC. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from3. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it is10. I am sure _ he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee12. I wonder how much _.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costed D. the watch costs13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I dont doubt _ hell come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether18. “Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”“Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.”A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earns21. _ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. Thatwhat B. Whatthat C. Thatwhich D. Whatwhich22. We gave him _ help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that 24. Excuse me would you please tell me _ A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know _ A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. how what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observed27. Where do you think _ A. has he gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was he28. Do you know _ A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the world. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see _ outside A. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is_.A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I31. _ I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He didnt know which room _.A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all what36. _ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. Ifdo B. Thatdo C. Ifdoes D. Thatdoes37. _ was the idea _ the wife thought of A. Whatthat B. Thatwhat C. Howwhy D. Whyhow38. _ did he tell his wife _ he wished to do A. Thatwhat B. Whatthat C. Wherewhich D. Whichwhere 39. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that40. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which41. “Do you know _” “His father is a doctor.”A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father is 42. Is this _ we met each other two years ago A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which43. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that44. We all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever 45. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked _.A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what I was doing47. May I borrow the ring You can take _ you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that 48. He said that he was fond of _.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send50. Do you know _ he expects will give us a talk A. who B. whom C. that D. whose51. Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _ it was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for53. _ is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hard54. _ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which55. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion _ for a walk in the park.A. we go B. we will go C. should we go D. that we go56. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what57. _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether58. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited59. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. Why that D. If what61. _is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who62. _ well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That63. _ the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What64. _ he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This65. _ you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether66. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody67. _ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How68.Three days later, word came _our country had sent up another man-made satellite.A. which B. when C. that D. where69.The problem is _will go to the meeting.A. why B. when C. what D. who70.It looks _ it were going to rain.A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like71.That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how72.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why73. We thought _ strange that Tom did not come yesterday.A. that B. it C. this D. what74.The fact _ she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. which B. what C. that D. how75.What Im considering now _ the money we need.A. is B. are C. were D. was76.Can you tell me _ A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 77. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who78. It is well known _ a person eats causes changes in the body.A. that what, when, and how B. thatC. what D. how79. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such80. Jack was soon told _ he did was not necessary.A. why B. that C. how D. why what81. We should think carefully about _ Mr. Needham said at the meeting.A. that B. what C. which D. X82. Can you point out _ two radios are the best A. which B. what C. that D. whether 83. You will easily know _ video recorders (录相机) are the same.A. what those B. that of those C. that all of D. which of those84. _ you have seen things like these before doesnt matter.A. If B. Whether C. What D. When 85. I asked her in English _ she was, and she told me _ she was an actress.A. whothat B. whoX C. whatX D. howthat86. She took it for granted _ Id be back home an hour ago.A. that B. whether C. if D. when87. We think it possible _ the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.A. for B. that C. when D. how88. Now there is a danger _ the ground may fall in (沉下) under the heavy traffic.A. whether B. if C. X D. that89. At that time I had no idea _ I could hand it to him without being seen.A. if B. how C. which D. that how90. Last Sunday he promised _ today, but he hasnt appeared yet.A. that he would come B. that he will comeC. he will come to see me D. whether he would come91. Last Sunday he made a promise _ he was free he would take me to Qingdao.A. if B. that C. that if D. whether92. Do you have any idea _ A. when Miss Smith will arrive B. when will Miss Smith arriveC. how will Miss Smith arrive D. why hasnt Miss Smith arrived93. I have almost forgotten _.A. how Mr. Taylors like B. what Mr. Taylors face is likeC. what Mr. Taylors face is D. which Mr. Taylors face is like94. The true value of life is not in _, but _.A. how you get that you give B. which