英语时态结构标志词总结.doc

英语时态结构，标志词总结、一般现在时结构：主+be(am/is/are)+其他/ 主+实义动词+其他/ 主+情态动词+动原+其他标志词：often, always, usually, sometimes , every week (day/year/month), once a week, on Sundays, on weekdays，from time to time、一般将来时结构：主+will/shall+其他/主+be going to +其他/主+be+动-ing+其他标志词：tomorrow,in the future, next week , next Sunday,the day after tomorrow，in+ 一段时间,soon，from now on、一般过去时结构：主+be(was/ were)+其他/ 主+动词过去式+其他/ 标志词：一段时间ago,yesterday, in 1945，at that time，once，during the war，before,in the past , the day before yesterday, last week(year/ night/ month), just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time，this morning，a moment ago、现在完成时结构：主+have/has+动词过去分词+其他标志词：ever, never, since, already, yet, just, before, twice, once ,three times, at the moment, at present/for+时间段；since+时间点/常见的副词：lately，recently，up to now, till now,so far, these days，in the past few years(monthsweeksdays)、现在进行时结构：主+be(am/is/are)+动词现在分词+其他标志词：now,at the moment !at this time ,these days ,Look!Listen! 、过去进行时结构：主+be(was/ were)+动词现在分词+其他标志词：at that moment, at this time of yesterday, at eight last night，at 8:00am yesterday，at this time last night ,at that time 、过去完成时结构：主+had+动词过去分词+其他标志词：by the end of last year(term, month)，过去完成时常用在told，said，knew，heard等词后的宾语从句或间接引语中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。、过去将来时结构：主+would/should+其他/主+was/were going to +其他标志词：the next day/morning/year，the following year/week/month英语部分语法顺口溜、名词：记住f(e)结尾的名词复数：(把f(e)变成v在加es)妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌； 躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。 “某国人”的单复数：中日不变(Chinese、Japanese )英法变(Englishman/BritishmanEnglishmen/Britishmen 、FrenchmanFrenchmen)其余s加后面(Australians、Germans、Russians、Americans、Indians、Italians、Koreans 、Canadians)巧计名词单复数同形的：中国人和日本人喜欢绵羊、鹿和鱼Chinese 、Japanese、sheep、deer、fish巧记以-o结尾加-es的词：A.“两人两菜”（hero, negro, potato, tomato)B.一句话 Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes. 巧记不规则名词单变复：男女脚步牙鹅，老鼠加虱婆。man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese; mouse-mice; louse-lice.、动词：Be动词的用法：我用am，你用are，is跟着他她它，凡是复数都用are感官使役动词“八字言”： 一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch 半帮助：help(另外还有：notice ,taste ,smell)感官使役动词用法：感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪；主动句里to走开，被动句里to回来用“不定式”和“动名词”造成的意义上的差别归为五点：不定式 动名词A）.某一具体行动 指一般的、经常的情况B）.表示主语和宾语的动作 可能表示任何人的动作C）.主动 被动D）.未发生的事 已发生的事E）.短暂的或可能进行的事 延续的或重复发生的事接“不定式”作宾语的动词：(vt+to do)三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide不要假装在选择：petend，choose要求跟“不定式”作宾补的动词：(vt+sb/sth +to do)(1)劝教命请叫(advise, teach, order, command, ask, tell)(2)允许又警告( allow, permit, warn)(3)使役表意向(cause, let, have, make, lead, set, leave, get, wish, want, expect)(4)知觉动词妙(feel, hear, watch, see, observe, notice)带双宾的动词：“七给”，“一带”to不少， (vt.+sth直宾+to+sb间宾; vt+sb+sth)(give给、pass递给、lend借给、write写给、show给看、send寄给、hand交给)(bring带)“买”“画”“制作”for来了。(vt.+sth直宾+for+sb间宾)(buy、draw、make)既跟动名词也跟不定式的动词：(vt+ doing /vt+to do)begin, start, continue, forget, remember, regret, intend, like, love, hate, try, mean只能接“动名词”作宾语的动词：(vt+ doing)值得、想象、莫回避，建议、坚持别放弃不禁、完成、莫推迟，喜爱、练习不介意错过、考虑、介词to，后接动词加ing动词：mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse 短语：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，preventfrom，set about，cant help，be/get used to，be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing ,pay attention to 加-ing要双写的常见动词：一m(swim)两d和g(nod, rid) (dig, beg)三n(run, win, begin)四p(dip, drop, mop, stop)，十t(sit, hit, fit, set, get, bet, put, regret, forget, pat)(下加线的词，构成过去式、过去分词时，也须双写尾字母）只能接不定式做宾语如：(v+to do)help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)、数词：基变序,有规律,词尾加上th,一二三特殊记,结尾字母t/d/d,八减t,九减e,f代ve,几加几要注意,前为基数后为序、其他：对划线部分提问的程序：一代（用疑问词代替划线部分），二移（把疑问词移至句首）三倒（颠倒主谓语，但对主语或其定语提问时除外）四抄（照抄其它部分）some time与some times：分开是“一段”，相连是“某时”分开s是“倍次”，相连s是“有时”巧计比较级不规则变化：“坏”“病”两“多”和两“好”一是“远”来二是“老”“litter”是少不是小、a和an的用法：An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task. (一小时前,一位诚实的人接受了一项光荣的任务。) In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing.(在一所大学里,有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走,这是件平常的事。)在26个英文字母中,a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的,其余字母则是以辅音.宾语从句的主语：一随主，二随宾，三不变。e.g.(1)She said I will go home .改：She said that she would go home.（一随主）(2)She said to me You can go with me.改She said to me that I could go with her.(二不变)(3) She said to me He will go home.改She said to me that he would go home.(三不变)2.宾语从句中注意时态1.若主语为一般过去时，则宾语从句的时态要变为过去的某一时态。e.g.(1)He said I wil go home.“改 He said that he would go home.(一般将来时改为过去将来时)（2）He said I have had lunch.改 He said that he had had lunch.(现在完成时改为过去完成时)(3)He said I know a lot about the teacher.改He said that he knew a lot about the teacher.(一般现在时改为一般过去时)（4）He said I had lunch. He said that he had had lunch.(一般过去时改为过去完成时）(5)He said I am playing games改He said that he was playing games.(现在进行时改为过去进行时）特殊He said The earth goes around the sun.改 He said that the earth goes aroung the sun.(当直接引语中表示客观事实时，时态不受主句影响）3.直接引语变间接引语时，要注意时间状语的改变。e.g.He said I am listening to music now.改He said that he was listening to music then.(此句中now改为then)后面不举例了，时间状语按下面改就对了now=thentoday=that daytonight=that nightthis morningweek=that morningweektomorrow=the followingnext dayyesterday=the day beforelast mouth =the month beforeago=beforehere=there（上面左为直接引语中的时间状语，右为间接引语的时间状语）4.最后是指示代词要变this改为thatthese改为those评论|给力4不给力0 2012-04-06 11:12nancy_575|三级1一般过去：long long ago,before ,last year/month/week.,just now 2一般现在: every day/year /month.,often,usurally,sometimes3一般将来:will ,next year/month/ , one day 4过去进行:when /while 引导的状语从句中其主语一般用过去进行时，at six oclock yesterday .5过去将来:多用于间接引语中，主句是过去时，其从句相应的由will 变成would6.过去完成:by,before,at,until等引导的过去时间状语句子7现在进行:now , look, listen,at .oclock8现在完成：just ,already,yet,resently,before,in the last /past few years,ever,never ,since,for1、