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高考英语考纲词汇用法详解（上）A aE,eI, anEn,An art. 1.一(个，件，) 2.任何都3.每(一) 4.某，某一个：I have got a ticket. 我有一张票。/ an awful noise 一种可怕的噪音 / A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。/ We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。/ A Mr. Brown wishes to see you. 一位叫布朗的先生想见你。【注意】1.单数可数名词若泛指，其前需加 a / an，不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉此不定冠词(高考短文改错中常考查此知识点，许多同学在做书面表达时也常犯此错)，如不能说Mr. Smith is interesting man.(需在 is后 加 an) 2.在序数词之前使用a(an)，可以表示数量或序数的增加：Do you want to read it a third time? 你还想看第三次吗? able5eIbl adj.能的，有才能的，能干的，能够的：Shes as clever and able as her sister. 她像她姐姐一样聪明能干。【句型】be able to do sth 能做某事【说明】比较级和最高级可以是 abler 和 ablest 或 more able, better able 和 most able，但不如前者常见。【辨析】be able to 与 can的区别，见 can。aboutE5baJt prep.在附近，关于，在周围，忙于 adv.附近，大约，转向，左右，周围：She sat up and looked about her. 她坐了起来，环顾四周。/ I had no money about me. 我身边没有带钱。/ She likes to walk about. 她喜爱四处走走。/ There were few people about. 附近几乎无人。【句型】1. be about to do 即将，就要(不能与 tomorrow 等具体时间状语连用) 2. How What about(你认为)怎么样? 【辨析】about与on：前者指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事，后者指比较系统、深入地论述某事：It is a book on birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作) / It is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)aboveE5bQv prep.在上方，过于，超出 adv. 在上面 adj. 上面的，上述的，上文的：We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。/ Health is above wealth. 健康胜过财富。/ He is above doing such things. 他不至于做出这样的事来。【辨析】above与over：over 表示垂直在上的正上方，above 则不一定表示正上方(即表示正上方时两者均可用，不表示正上方时要用 above)。 abroadE5brR:d adv. 到(在)国外：He has gone abroad. 他出国了。/ He has just returned from abroad. 他刚从国外归来。【用法】1.是副词，不是形容词，不置于名词前作定语，但可置于名词后作定语：ones recent tour abroad 某人最近的国外之行。2.是副词，不是名词，所以不说 go to abroad之类的。acceptEk5sept vt. 接受，承认：Much to my regret, Im unable to accept your kind invitation. 我不能接受你盛情的邀请, 非常遗憾。【辨析】accept 与receive：前者指主观上接受，后者指客观上收到：He received the gift, but he did not accept it. 他收到这件礼物，但没有接受。accident5AksIdEnt n.C事故：She was injured badly in an accident during the work. 她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。【短语】by accident偶然，无意中according toE5kR:dIN tu: prep.按照，根据：from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs 各尽所能，按需分配 / According to my watch it is 10 oclock. 按我的表是10点钟。【注意】1.不能用于第一人称，即不能说according to me (us)。2.其后不能接view, opinion等表示观点或看法的词，要表示类似意思可改用in ones opinion等。acheeIk n. C疼痛 vi. 痛；渴望：Her head ached all night. 她的头整夜都疼。/ I am aching to join in the game. 我渴望参加比赛。achieveE5tFi:v v. 1.达到，取得 2.完成，实现：He hopes to achieve all his aims soon. 他希望尽快达到所有目标。acrossE5krRs prep.& adv. 穿过，在另一边，在对面：We swam across the river. 我们游到河对岸。/ Across the street from the school is the library. 从学校穿过大街就是图书馆。【辨析】across与cross：前者为介词或副词，后者为动词。actAkt n.C动作；举动；节目；(戏剧的)幕；法案，法令 vi.行动；产生的效果；表演；表现；见效 vt.扮演(角色)：People praised his brave act. 人们赞扬他的勇敢行为。/ Think before you act! 三思而后行！/ Does the drug take long to act? 这药要很久才能起作用吗?【短语】act as 充当 / act for 代理，代表active5AktIv adj.积极的，活泼的，活跃的：She is very active. 她非常活跃。/ He is an active member of the club. 他是俱乐部的积极分子。 actor5AktE n.C(男)演员：professional actor 专业演员actress5AktrIs n.C女演员：an experienced actress有经验的女演员actual5AktFJEl adj. 实际的，真实的，现实的，目前的：I can not give the actual figures. 我不能举出实际数字。/ Whats the actual price? 实价多少?addAd vi.&vt. 加，增加，增进，补充说：“I felt sorry for her,” Bob added. “我为她感到惋惜，”鲍勃又说道。【短语】add in 包括 / add to 增加 / add up 加起来 / add up to 加起来等于，总之就是addressE5dres n. C住址，通迅处 vt.向致辞，演说，写姓名地址：Whats your home address? 你的家庭住址呢? / Write the address clearly. 地址请写清楚。admireEd5maIE vt. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕：I admire her for her bravery. 我钦佩她的勇气。【注意】其后不能接双宾语，也不接that 引导的宾语从句。admitEd5mIt vt. 接纳，让进入，承认：He admitted that it was really his fault. 他承认这确实得怪他。【用法】后接动词要用动名词，不用不定式：She admitted having read the letter. 她承认看过这封信。advanceEd5vB:ns vi.前进，进展 vt. 推进，促进，提升，提前，预付 n.C,U前进，进展，进步，提升，预付款：The general commanded his men to advance. 将军命令他的士兵向前挺进。【短语】in advance 在前头，事先，提前 / in advance of 在前面，比进步，超过 / on the advance (物价)在上涨 / advance on 朝前进advantageEd5vB:ntIdV n.C,U优势，长处，有利条件，利益：A better education gave us the advantage. 良好的教育使我们处于有利地位。/ The advantage of the idea was its simplicity. 这个主意的优点就在于它简单明了。【短语】have gain, get the an advantage over of 胜过，优于 / take advantage of 乘机利用，利用别人的弱点，占便宜 adventureEd5ventFE n.C,U冒险，冒险活动，奇遇 v. 冒险，胆敢：He lived for adventure. 他平生喜欢冒险。/ No man would adventure it. 没有人敢冒险做这种事。【用法】表示抽象意义的“冒险”，不可数；表示具体意义的“冒险的经历或事件”，则可数。adviceEd5vaIs n.U忠告，建议：Your advice was a great help to me. 你的建议对我有很大的帮助。 / I dont know who ask advice from. 我不知道该向谁讨教。【用法】1.不可数，不与不定冠词或数词连用，也不用复数形式，如说a piece of advice, some advice，但不说an advice, some advices。2.表示征求意见，通常用ask (for) advice；表示听从或接受某人的意见，通常用follow take ones advice。adviseEd5vaIz vt.劝告，建议：Be advised! 接受意见吧! / They will advise you what to do. 他们将给你出主意怎么办。【用法】1.其后接动词作宾语，要用动名词，不能用不定式，即说advise doing sth，不说 advise to do sth。2.表示建议某人做某事，要用 advise sb to do sth(此时的不定式作宾语补足语)；若表示建议某人不要做某事，则用advise sb not to do sth 或 advise sb against doing sth。3.后接 that 引导的宾语从句时，从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气：We advised her that she (should) wait. 我们劝她等。affairE5fZEn.C事件，事情，事务，私事，恋爱事件：foreign affairs 外交事务 / school affairs 校务 / How are your affairs going? 你的情况怎么样?affordE5fR:d vt. 买得起，经受得住，承担得起：I cant afford to buy a car. 我买不起汽车。/ We cant afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。【用法】1.常与can, could, be able to 连用。2.其后可接名词、代词或不定式作宾语，若意思明确，可省略有关成分：afford to buy a car =afford a car 买得起小车 / afford the time for a holiday=afford a holiday 抽得出时间去度假afraidE5freId adj.(用作表语)害怕的，担心的；恐怕：Dont be afraid. 不用怕。/ He is afraid to say that. 他不敢说那事。/ I was afraid of waking him. 我担心会把他吵醒。/ Im afraid youre wrong. 恐怕是你错了。【比较】1. be afraid to do sth与be afraid of doing sth：前者指害怕(不敢)做某事，而后者有两个意思，一是表示害怕做某事(此时可be afraid to do sth 互换)，二是表示担心会发生某情况(所担心的情况不一定会发生，此时不能与 be afraid to do sth 互换)。2. Im afraid not 与 Im not afraid：前者为委婉的否定回答，意为“恐怕不”；后者意为“我不怕”。Africa5AfrIkEn.非洲：Africa is a continent. 非洲是个大陆。African5AfrIkEn adj.非洲的，非洲人的 n.C非洲人after5B:ftE prep.在后面 conj.在以后 adv.在后，后来：What did you do after leaving school? 离开学校之后你干什么了? / I will tell them after you leave (have left). 你走了之后我再告诉他们。/ We arrived soon after. 我们随后就到了。【辨析】1. after与behind：前者指位次的先后，后者指位置的前后。2. after与in：前者以过去时间为起点，通常连用过去时态；而in 则以现在时间为起点，通常连用将来时态。但是，若表示在某一点时间之后，则只能用after(无论是现在还是过去)：Ill leave here after 6 oclock. 我6点后离开这儿。afternoon5B:ftE7nu:n n.C,U下午，午后：He returned in the late afternoon. 他是在傍晚时分回来的。/ This afternoon will be cloudy, turning clear. 今天下午阴转晴。againE5geIn adv.再一次，又，再：After the storm it became calm again. 暴风雨过后，天气又恢复平静无风。/ Look to it that this doesnt happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。【短语】again and again 再三地，反复地 / once again 再一次againstE5ge(I)nst prep. 相反，反对，逆着，靠着，倚着：Are you for or against it? 你是支持它还是反对它? / Drug taking is against the law. 吸毒是违法的。/ It is a great joy to battle against nature. 与大自然作斗争，其乐无穷。【注意】against 是介词，不是动词，所以不能说 Do you against之类的。ageeIdV n.年龄，时代，(用复数表示)长时间：What is your age? 你年纪多大?/ She died in 1936 at the age of 84. 她死于1936年，享年84岁。/ I havent seen him for ages. 我已好长时间没有见到他了。【注意】不要按汉语习惯将“他年纪轻”说成He age is young. 可说成 He is young.agoE5gEJ adv.以前：That was some twenty years ago. 那大约是20年前。/ We came a week ago, since when the weather has been bad. 我们一星期前来到这里，从那时起天气一直不好。agreeE5gri: v.同意，赞成，答应：She agreed to my idea. 她同意我的想法。/ I quite agree with what you say. 你所说的我很赞成。/ If you agree, so; if not, so. 如果你同意，就这样；如果你不同意，也这样。【比较】agree to do sth 同意做某事 / agree with sb 赞成某人的意见，与某人意见相同 / agree on (upon) 对持相同观点 / agree to 同意(某项计划、建议、安排等)【注意】不要将汉语的“同意某人做某事”直译为agree sb to do sth，可改说agree to let sb do sth等。agriculture5AgrIkQltFE n.U农业，农艺，农学：United States Department of Agriculture 美国农业部aheadE5hed adv.在前面，向前：Walk straight ahead until you reach the river. 一直朝前走到河边。【短语】ahead of 在之前；超过 / ahead of time schedule 提前 / Go ahead! 前进，有进展，继续干下去【注意】ahead 是副词，不是名词，所以不能说 in the ahead, at the ahead等。aimeIm n.U瞄准，对准 C目标 v.瞄准，对准，以为目标：It is now our aim to set up a factory. 我们现在的目标是创办一座工厂。/ I aim to be a lawyer. 我要当个律师。【用法】1.表示“瞄准”时，不可数，所以在 take aim at, take careful aim at 这类短语中没有不定冠词。2.表示“想做某事”或“以做某事为目标”，动词aim后可接不定式或接at doing sth，即aim to do sth=aim at doing sth。airZE n.U空气，大气，天空，空中 C样子，神态，气氛：Birds fly in the air. 鸟在空中飞翔。/ Better let in some fresh air. 最好放些新鲜空气进来。/ He came into the room with an air of importance. 他带着一副了不起的神情走进室内。aircraft5ZEkrB:ft n.C飞机，航空器：There are enemy aircraft on the radar screen.雷达荧屏上出现了敌人的飞机。【注意】单复数同形，所以不要说 five aircrafts，some aircrafts 之类的。airport5ZEpR:t n.C航空站，飞机场：At the airport, the customs officers searched his case. 在机场，海关人员检查了他的箱子。aliveE5laIv adj. 活着的，活跃的，充满的，通着电流的：The fish we caught is still alive. 我们捉的鱼还活着。/ The wire is alive. 这条电线带电。【注意】1.可用作表语，不作前置定语，但有时可用作后置定语：the greatest man alive当今伟人 2.通常不用 very 修饰，但可用 much 或 very much 修饰。allR:l adj.全部的，所有的 pron. 全体，全部 adv. 全部地，都，更加：Are all the students here today? 今天所有的学生都到了吗? / I know that all is well with her. 我知道她一切都好。/ She is all in favor of my suggestion. 她完全赞同我的建议。/ She hated him all the more. 她更加恨他了。【短语】all along 自始至终 / all the same 依然，仍然 / notat all 一点也不，从来不 / all over 到处，结束 / in all 总计，全部 / above all 首先，最重要的是 / after all 毕竟，终究allowE5laJ v.允许，准许：Smoking is not allowed here. 此处不准吸烟。/ He doesnt allow cats in the room. 他不允许猫进入房内。【用法】可接不定式作宾语补足语，但不接不定式作宾语，即可说allow sb to do sth，但不说allow to do sth(可改为 allow doing sth)。【辨析】allow 与 permit：permit 通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许，其语气较重；而 allow 通常指消极地不加反对，有时含有听任或默许之意，语气较轻。如：Nothing is permitted; everything is allowed. 一切都没明文规定可以做，但一切做了也无妨。almost5R:lmEJst adv. 几乎，差不多：It was almost dark when they got there. 他们抵达那里时，天几乎黑了。【辨析】almost与nearly：almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前，但 nearly 一般不这样用。而nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰，但 almost 之前不能用这些词。aloneE5lEJnadj. 单独的，独自的adv.独自，单独，仅仅：She watches TV when she is alone. 独自一人时，她便看电视。/ He alone knows the secret. 只有他一人知道秘密。【短语】leavealone 听其自然，不要去管 / let alone 至于，更不必说【用法】用作副词表示“仅仅”时，要放在被修饰词语之后，比较：He can do it alone. 他一个人可以做此事。/ He alone can do it. 只有他能做此事。alongE5lRN prep.沿着，顺着 adv. 向前，往前；一起：We walked along the river. 我们沿着河走。/ I took my brother along. 我带着弟弟。【短语】all along一直，始终 / along with 和一起一道，随着，除以外(还)aloudE5laJd adv. 出声地，大声地：He read the poem aloud. 他高声朗诵那首诗。【短语】think aloud 自言自语 alreadyR:l5redI adv.已经：Ive already forgiven you. 我已经原谅了你。/ It is already the middle of summer. 现在已是仲夏了。/ She had already gone when I arrived. 我到的时候她已经走了。【注意】一般用于肯定句，不用于否定句或疑问句(此时用 yet)，不过有时在疑问句中也用它，用于表示惊讶(且多用于句末)。also5R:lsEJ adv. 也 conj. 又，并且：He also asked to join the army. 他也要求去参军。/ Also, he has gone abroad. 而且，他已去了国外。【短语】not onlybut also 不但而且【用法】用于肯定句或疑问句，但通常不用于否定句(在否定句中用either)。althoughR:l5TEJ conj.虽然，然而：Although he was ill, he worked hard. 他虽然生病，但仍努力工作。/ I did not know that then, although I learned it later. 当时我不知道那件事，但我后来知道了。【用法】不能按汉语习惯在主句前用连接词 but, 但可用副词yet, nevertheless 等。altogether7R:ltE5geTE adv. 完全地，总共：I am altogether on your side in this matter. 在这个问题上我完全支持你。/ Altogether there were 36 people in the bus. 在公共汽车上一共有36人。【注意】altogether与 all together不同，后者表示“一起”、“同时”。always 5R:lweIz adv.总是，永远：He always keeps to his promises. 他总是说话算数的。【注意】与否定词连用构成部分否定(not always=并非总是)，且只能位于否定词之后：Money doesnt always bring happiness. 财富并不一定总带来幸福。America5EmerIkE n.美国，美洲：the Voice of America (VOA) 美国之音 / Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。AmericanE5merIkEn n.C美国(洲)人 adj.美国(洲)的：American English 美国英语 / Hes an American citizen but lives in Canada. 他是美国公民，但住在加拿大。amongE5mQN prep.在中间，在(三者或三者以上)之间，之一：They live among the mountains. 他们住在群山之中。/ Baseball is very popular among Americans. 棒球运动很受美国人的欢迎。/ She is among the best of our typists. 她是我们最好打字员之一。【辨析】among与between：前者主要用于三者或三者以上之间，后者主要用于两者之间。andAnd, End conj.和，又；然后，接着：Lets go and play basketball. 我们去打篮球吧。/ She read for an hour and went to bed. 她读了一小时的书，然后就去睡了。【用法】1.用于连接两个比较级，表示“越来越”：colder and colder 越来越冷 2.用于 good, nice, fine 等之后，表示“很”、“挺”：good and fast 很快anger5ANgE n.U生气，愤怒 v. (使)发怒：Anger showed in his face. 他脸上露出怒容。/ His loud radio angered me. 他大声放收音机使我很生气。angry5AgNrI adj.生气的；愤怒的：He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。【用法】注意其后所接介词：be get angry at sth 因某事而生气 / be get angry about sth 因某事而生气 / be get angry with sb 生某人的气(注：不要想当然地用be angry to sb 来表示此义)。animal5AnImEl n. C动物，兽 adj.动物的：plants and animals 动植物(注意词序) / The lion is a wild animal. 狮子是一种野生动物。announceE5naJns vt.宣告，宣布，发表：He announced the good news to her. 他向她宣布了这个好消息。/ He announced to her that he would go soon. 他告诉她不久就离开。【注意】不能后接双宾语，即不用于announce sb sth，要表示类似意思可用announce sth to sb。anotherE5nQTE adj.再一，另一，别的 pron.另一个：Please give me another. 请给我另一个。/ Youd better stay in hospital for another few days. 你最好在医院再住几天。【用法】1.泛指不确定数目中的“另外任何一个”；若特指两个当中的另外一个，不用 another，而用the other：Please show me another. 请再拿一个给我看看(至少已看过一个)。2. 在一般情况下，其后不能接复数名词，而接单数可数名词(表泛指)，但若复数名词之前有数词或few修饰，则可用它修饰：another five students 另外5个学生【短语】one after another 一个又一个地，一个接一个地，相继地 / one another 互相，彼此answer5B:nsE v.回答，答复；回信；满足于n. C答案；回应：Please answer the telephone. 请接电话。/ This tool will answer our needs. 这工具能满足我们的需要。【短语】answer back 回嘴，顶嘴 / answer for 对担保，为的后果承担责任 / answer to 符合，适合 / in answer to 为了回答(响应)，听(接)到后就anxious5ANkFEs adj.忧虑的，担心的；渴望的：People all over the world were anxious to have peace. 全世界人民都渴望和平。【用法】表示为某事担心，其后可接介词 about / for；表示渴望得到某物，其后通常接for，而不用about，当然也可接不定式：Hes anxious for to know the result. 他急于想知道结果。any5enI adj.(用于疑问句，否定句等)什么；一些，任何的 pron.(无论)那些；(无论)哪一个 adv.略微，一点：Have you any money with you? 你身上带钱了吗? / Im too tired to walk any further. 我太累了，不能再往前走了。【用法】1.用作代词时，只能用于三者或三者以上，不能用于两者(表示两者中的任意一个，可用either)，如不能说 any of my parents，但可说 either of my parents。2. 用于否定句时，只能用于否定词之后，即可说notany，不说anynot。anybody5enI7bRdi / anyone5enIwQn pron.任何人：Hello! Is anybody here? 喂！有人吗?/ You mustnt tell anybody about this; its secret. 这件事你不能告诉任何人，这是秘密。anyhow5enIhaJ adv.无论如何，不管怎样；随便：Anyhow, I will see you tonight. 无论如何, 今天晚上我要见你。anything 5enIWIN pron. 东西，任何事物，无论什么：You cant believe anything she says. 你不能相信她说的话。/ I want something to eat, and anything will do. 我想弄点东西吃，什么都行。【短语】anything but 绝不，并不 / if anything 如果有什么不同的话【用法】1.受形容词的修饰时，形容词应置于其后。2.用于否定句时，只能用于否定词之后，即可说notanything，不说anythingnot。anywhere5enIwZE adv.无论何处，任何地方：Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去没去过什么地方?/ You can go anywhere you like. 你可以去你喜欢的任何地方。apologize / apologiseE5pRlEdVaIz vi.道歉：You might at least apologize. 你至少应该道个歉吧。/ I have come to apologize to you. 我是来向您道歉的。/ I must apologize for calling you so late. 实在抱歉，这么晚给您打电话。appearE5pIE vi. 出现，看来，似乎：It appears that he is ill.=He appears to be ill. 他似乎病了。/ There appears to be something the matter with her. 她好像出了什么事似的。【用法】1.不及物，不能有宾语，也不能用于被动语态。2.与look, seem 后可接介词 like 不同，appear 后不接介词like。apple5Apl n. C苹果：the apple of sbs eye 珍爱之物April5eIprEl n.四月(略作Apr.)：April fool=April Fools Day 愚人节(4月1日)area5ZErIE n. C,U面积，地区，区域：Teachers are in demand in this area. 在这个地区很需要教师。/ Parking is prohibited in this area. 此处禁止停车。【用法】表示某地面积大小的方法很多，如要表示“我们庭园的面积为20平方米”，可说成：Our garden has an area of twenty square meters. / The area of our garden is twenty square meters. / Our garden is twenty square meters in area. / Our garden covers an area of twenty square meters.argue5B:gju: v.争论，说服，证明：He argued for (against) the plan. 他赞成(反对)这个计划。/They always argue about over money. 他们总是为钱争吵。armB:m n. C手臂，胳膊；(用复数)武器 v.武装，装备：He was wounded in the arm. 他的胳膊受伤了。/ She held took her handbag in her arms. 她双手把手提包抱在怀里。【短语】arm in arm 臂挽着臂 / be armed to the teeth 全副武装army5B:mI n.军队；大群：He also asked to join the army. 他也要求去参军。/ an army of bees 一大群蜜蜂【用法】用作主语，谓语动词用单数(从整体考虑)或复数(从个体考虑)均可：The army was were wiped out. 这支军队被消灭了。aroundE5raJnd prep.在周围；环绕；大约 adv.(在)各处，(在)附近，到处，在周围：There was a wall around the park. 公园四周有围墙。/ Will you please wait around for me? 请在附近等我好吗?arrivalE5raIvEl n.U到达 C到来的人或物：On my arrival at in Paris I went to see her. 我一到巴黎，就去看她了。/ Come and meet the new arrivals. 来见见新来的人。arriveE5raIv vi.到达，(时间)到来，得出(结论)，(婴儿)出生，来到：He was the first to arrive. 他第一个到。/ It took a long time to arrive at a conclusion. 花了很长时间才达成一个结论。/ Her baby arrived during the night. 她的小孩是夜里生的。【用法】不及物，后接地点，需借助介词at或in (地方较小用at，较大用in)。artB:t n.U,C艺术，美术；技艺，技术；(用复数)人文学科：Art is long; life is short. (谚语)艺术长久，人生短暂。/ a work of art 一件美术品 / Language teaching is both a science and an art. 语言教学既是一门科学又是一门艺术。article5B:tIkl n.C(尤指报刊杂志上的)文章；物品，物件；冠词：What does the article discuss? 这篇文章讲的是什么? / an article of clothing 一件衣服artist5B:tIst n. C美术家：He has no wish to be an artist. 他不想做艺术家。asAs conj.当的时候；由于；尽管；随着，与一样 prep.作为，当作adv.同样，相同 pron.正如：He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时，把杯子摔了。/ This is the same as it was before. 这个与以前一样。/ As you are tired, you had better rest. 你累了，最好休息一下。/ As the wages advanced, so did the cost of living. 随着工资的提高, 生活费用也提高了。【短语】asas 与一样 / not as soas 不像，不如 / as if=as though 好像，好似 / as yet 迄今，到目前为止 / as so long as 只要 / as soon as 一就 / as to 关于，至于【用法】1.用作连词，表示“尽管”时，要用于倒装句，且倒装后位于句首的名词通常不用冠词(等于though)：Child as=though he was, he did quite well. 他虽是个孩子, 但已干得很不错。2.用作关系代词，有两种用法：一是用于such, the same, as等之后引导限制性定语从句：Such men as(=Those men who) heard of him praised him. 听说过他的人都赞扬他。二是单独用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前(常译为：正如)或之后(常译为：这一点)，且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开：He was absent, as is often the case. 他缺席了，这是常有的事。ashAF n.灰，(常用pl)灰烬，骨灰，遗体：The house (was) burned to ashes. 房子烧成灰烬了。【用法】表示“灰”时本来不可数，但有时可用复数形式代替单数形式，且意思不变：cigarette ash ashes 烟灰ashamedE5FeImd adj.惭愧，害臊：I am half ashamed to do so. 这样做我有些不好意思。/ You really ought to be ashamed of that. 你实在应该对此感到惭愧。/ Not feel ashamed to ask and learn from people below. 不耻下问。Asia5eIFE n.亚洲：China is in the east of Asia. 中国位于亚洲东部。/ Our factory exports to Southeast Asia. 我厂向东南亚出口产品。Asian5eIFEn n.C亚洲人 adj.亚洲的，亚洲人的：The First East Asian Games were held in Shanghai in 1993. 第1届东亚运动会于1993年在上海举行。askB:sk v.问，要求；请求：Since you ask, I will tell you. 你既然问，我就告诉你。He asked to see the manager. 他求见经理。【短语】ask for sth 请求，向要 / ask sb for sth 请某人给某物 / ask after 问候(身体健康) / ask about 打听，查询asleepE5sli:p adj.睡着的：He fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上课时睡着了。【用法】1. 通常只用作表语，不能单独放在名词前作定语，不说 an asleep child，可改说a sleeping child。2.汉语说“睡得很熟”，英语习惯上用 fast sound asleep，而不说 very (much, very much) asleep。assistantE5sIstEnt n.C助手，助教，图书馆管理员：shop assistant 店员 / assistant engineer 助理工程师 / assistant manager 副经理astonishEs5tRnIFvt.使惊讶，使吃惊：The news astonished everybody. 这消息使人人感到惊讶。/ I was astonished at by the news.=I was astonished to hear the news. 听到这消息我很吃惊。atAt, Et prep.在，于；向，对准；因为，由于；在方面；(表示速度、程度、价格等)以，按：He lives at 35 Manchester Road, London. 他住在伦敦曼彻斯特路35号。/ Everybody, we begin at page 50 today. 各位，我们今天从第50页开始。/ At the news he became excited. 一听到这消息，他变得很激动。/ He bought it at (the price of) 50 dollars. 他以50美元的价格买下了它。attackE5tAk v.攻击 n.C,U进攻；(疾病)侵袭，发作：Wolves will not usually attack humans. 狼通常不会袭击人。attemptE5tempt v.& n.尝试，试图：She made every attempt. 她尽一切努力。/ She attempted to get getting in touch with them. 她企图和他们联系上。【用法】1.后接动词作宾语时，该动词可用不定式，也可用动名词。2. make an attempt 后接动词表示试图做某事时，该动词可用不定式或用at doing sth 的形式。attendE5tend v.出席，参加；看护，照料，护理；注意：He didnt attend the meeting because he was ill. 他因病没有出席会议。/ Ill attend to the matter. 这事我来处理。/ Im too busy. I cant attend to you now. 我很忙，现在不能接待你。attentionE5tenFEn n.U留心，注意：Please give it your attention. 请关注此事。/ He called our attention to what he said. 他提醒我们注意他说的话。【用法】在 pay give, bring attention to 等短语中的 to 是介词，后接动词时用动名词：He gives all his attention to making money. 他的注意力完全集中在赚钱上。attractE5trAkt vt.吸引、引起(兴趣，注意)，招引：The film attracts a large audience. 这部电影吸引很多观众。/ Newton found that all masses attract each other. 牛顿发现所有的物质都相互吸引。August5R:gEst n.八月(缩写Aug.)：August 1 is our Armys Day. 8月1日是我国建军节。auntB:nt n.C姨，姑，伯母，舅母，婶：Aunt Polly 波莉姑妈AustraliaRs5treIljE n.澳洲，澳大利亚：Dont confuse Austria with and Australia. 不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混淆了。AustralianRs5treIlIEn n. C澳大利亚人 adj.澳大利亚(人)的：The Australians speak English. 澳大利亚人说英语。author5R:WE n.C作家，创造者：The book has a preface written by the author. 该书有作者写的序言。autumn5R:tEm n.C,U秋天，秋季：In autumn the leaves change from green to brown. 秋天树叶由绿
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