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L 2 Eveline 伊芙林 詹姆斯乔伊斯她坐在窗前看着黄昏涌上大街。She sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue.她的头靠在窗帘上，鼻孔里满是提花窗帘布上的尘土气味。她累了。Her head was leaned against the window curtains , and in her nostrils was the odour of dusty cretonne . She was tired . 很少有人走过。最后一所房子里的那个男人经过这里往家走；她听见他啪嗒啪嗒的脚步声走过水泥道，然后又嘎吱嘎吱地踩在新红房子前的煤渣小路上。Few people passed . The man out of the last house passed on his way home ; she heard his footsteps clacking along the concrete pavement and afterwards crunching on the cinder path before the new red houses . 过去那里曾经有一块空地，他们每晚都在空地上和其他家的孩子一起玩耍。One time there used to be a field there in which they used to play every evening with other peoples children . 后来一个贝尔法斯特来的男人买走了那块地并在那里建了房子与他们棕色的小房子不同，他的房子是明亮的砖房还有闪亮的屋顶。Then a man from Belfast bought the field and built houses in it -not like their little brown houses , but bright brick houses with shining roofs . 这条街的孩子们过去总是在那块地上玩迪瓦恩家的，沃特家的，邓恩家的，瘸子小基奥，她和她的兄弟姐妹。The children of the avenue used to play together in that field the Devines , the Waters , the Dunns , little Keogh the cripple , she and her brothers and sisters . 但是欧内斯特却从来没有玩过，他太大了。Ernest , however , never played: he was too grown up . 她的父亲经常用他那根黑刺李木的拐杖到地里把她们赶出去；但小基奥总是站岗，一看见她的父亲过来就大声喊。Her father used often to hunt them in out of the field with his blackthorn stick ; but usually little Keogh used to keep nix and call out when he saw her father coming . 即使这样他们那时似乎还是很开心。她父亲还没有这么坏，而且她母亲也还活着。Still they seemed to have been rather happy then . Her father was not so bad then ; and besides , her mother was alive .那是很久以前的事了，她和兄弟姐妹都已经长大了；她的母亲死了。That was a long time ago ; she and her brothers and sisters were all grown up ; her mother was dead . 迪齐邓恩也死了，沃特一家回英格兰了。Tizzie Dunn was dead ,too, and the Waters had gone back to England . 所有的一切都变了。现在她也要像其他人那样离开自己的家。Everything changed . Now she was going to go away like the others , to leave her home . 家!她环顾屋内，审视着这么多年来她每周都要掸擦一遍的一切熟悉的物品，心里奇怪究竟哪来的这么多灰尘。Home ! She looked round the room , reviewing all its familiar objects which she had dusted once a week for so many years , wondering where on earth all the dust came from . 也许她再也见不到那些熟悉的东西了，她做梦也没想到过和它们分开。Perhaps she would never see again those familiar objects from which she had never dreamed of being divided . 可是这么多年里她从来没有弄清楚那张泛黄的照片上的牧师的姓名，照片就挂在墙上，在破旧的风琴的上边，旁边是耶稣对圣玛利亚玛丽阿拉科特许诺的彩色图片。And yet during all those years she had never found out the name of the priest whose yellowing photograph hung on the wall above the broken harmonium beside the coloured print of the promises made to Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque . 他是父亲的学友。每次父亲把照片递给到家里的朋友看时，总是不经意地带一句：“他现在在墨尔本。”He had been a school friend of her father . whenever he showed the photograph to a visitor her father used to pass it with a casual word :” He is in Melbourne now . “她已经答应离开，离开自己的家。这样做明智吗？ She had consented to go away , to leave her home . Was what wise ? 她试着权衡这个问题的每一个方面。She tried to weigh each side of the question . 在家里不管怎么说她有吃有住；有她认识了一辈子的人在她身边。In her home anyway she had shelter and food ; she had those whom she had known all her life about her .当然她得拼命干活，不论是在家里还是在商店里。Of course she had to work hard , both in the house and at business . 如果商店里的人知道她和一个男人跑了，她们会怎么说她呢？What would they say of her in the stores when they found out that she had run away with a fellow ? 也许说她是一个傻瓜；她们会登广告找别人代替她的位置。Say she was a fool , perhaps; and her place would be filled up by advertisement . 加文小姐会很高兴。她总是要压她一头，尤其是有旁人听着的时候。Miss Gavan would be glad . She had always had an edge on her , especially whenever there were people listening . “希尔小姐，难道你没有看见这些女士在等着吗？” “Miss Hill , dont you see these ladies are waiting ?” “请精神点，希尔小姐。” “ Look lively , Miss Hill , please . “离开商店她不会掉多少眼泪的。She would not cry many tears at leaving the stores . 但是在她的新家里，在一个遥远陌生的国家里，事情就不会是那样了。But in her new home , in a distant unknown country , it would not be like that .她会结婚她，伊芙林。Then she would be married -she , Eveline . 人们会很尊重她。她不会受到她母亲受过的那种对待。即使是现在，她已经过19岁了，她还是经常感到自己有挨父亲打的危险。People would treat her with respect then . She would not be treated as her mother had been . Even now , though she was over nineteen , she sometimes felt herself in danger of her fathers violence . 她知道正是因为这种担心才使她心惊肉跳。She knew it was that that had given her the palpitations . 她们长大以后，他还没有像他曾经打哈利和欧内斯特那样打过她，因为她是个女孩；但最近他开始威胁地，说要不是因为她死去的母亲的缘故，他会怎样对待她。When they were growing up he had never gone for her , like he used to go for Harry and Ernest , because she was a girl ; but latterly he had begun to threaten her and say what he would do to her only for her dead mothers sake . 现在没有人能保护她，欧内斯特死了，而干教堂装修的哈利几乎总是在乡下的什么地方。And now she had nobody to protect her , Ernest was dead and Harry ,who was in the church decorating business , was nearly always down somewhere in the country .另外，每星期六都为了钱而发生的争吵已使她开始感到说不出的厌倦。Besides , the invariable squabble for money on Saturday nights had begun to weary her unspeakably .她总是交出她所有的工资七个先令哈利也总是尽力给家里寄钱，但问题是从她父亲手中要钱。She always gave her entire wages -seven shillings -and Harry always sent up what he could , but the trouble was to get any money from her father . 他说她过去总是胡乱花钱，没有头脑，还说他不会将他辛苦挣来的钱交给她到街上乱花，等等，因为他星期六晚上通常心情相当糟。He said she used to squander the money , that she had no head , that he wasnt going to give her his hard-earned money to throw about the streets , and much more , for he was usually fairly bad on Saturday night . 最后他会将钱给她并问她是否打算买星期天晚饭吃的东西。In the end he would give her the money and ask her had she any intention of buying Sundays dinner . 然后她不得不尽快跑到市场上买东西，她紧紧地将黑皮钱包攥在手里，在人群中挤着走，直到很晚才背着沉重的食品回家。Then she had to rush out as quickly as she could and do her marketing , holding her black leather purse tightly in her hand as she elbowed her way through the crowds and returning home late under her load of provisions . 她好不容易才能将这个家维持下来，让那两个留给她照顾的年幼的弟弟妹妹能够按时上学，按时吃饭。 She had hard work to keep the house together and to see that the two young children who had been left to her charge went to school regularly and got their meals regularly . 工作很艰难生活也很艰难但是现在她就要离开这一切，她发现这种生活并不是完全令人不快的。It was hard work -a hard life -but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life . 她将要和弗兰克一起去探索另一种生活。弗兰克非常善良，有男子气概，并且心胸坦荡。She was about to explore another life with Frank . Frank was very kind , manly , open-hearted . 她要和他一起乘夜船逃走，去做他的妻子，和他一起生活在布宜诺斯艾利斯，在那里他有一个家在等着她。She was to go away with him by the night boat to be his wife and live with him in Buenos Ayres , where he had a home waiting fro her . 第一次见到他的情景她记得多么清楚啊：他住在她常去的那条大街上的一所房子里，一切似乎就是几个星期以前的事，他站在大门口，尖顶帽推向脑后，头发向前散乱垂在晒得黧黑的脸上。How well she remembered the first time she had seen him ; he was lodging in a house on the main road where she used to visit . It seemed a few weeks ago . he was standing at the gate , his peaked cap pushed back on his head and his hair tumbled forward over a face of bronze .接着他们就彼此认识了。他每晚都到店外接她并送她回家。他带她去看波希米亚女孩，同他一起坐在剧院她难得一坐的地方使她感觉十分得意。Then they had come to know each other . He used to meet her outside the stores every evening and see her home . He took her to see The Bohemian Girl and she felt elated as she sat in an unaccustomed part of the theatre with him .他非常喜欢音乐，也会唱一点。大家都知道他俩在谈恋爱，当他唱到爱上一个水手的少女时她常会感到一种愉快的困惑。He was awfully fond of music and sang a little . People knew that they were courting , and when he sang about the lass that loves a sailor , she always felt pleasantly confused . 他总是开玩笑地叫她雌天鹅。起初她觉得有个男朋友是件令人兴奋的事，接着她开始喜欢他了。He used to call her Poppens out of fun . First of all it had been an excitement for her to have a fellow and then she had begun to like him . 他会讲许多遥远的国家的故事。他一开始在阿伦航运公司的一艘开往加拿大的船上做舱面水手，月薪一英镑。He had tales of distant countries . He had started as a deck boy at a pound a month on a ship of the Allan Line going out to Canada . 他告诉她他呆过的船的名字以及船上不同活计的名称。He told her the names of the ships he had been on and the names of the different services . 他曾经穿过了麦哲伦海峡，他给她讲可怕的巴塔丹尼亚印地安人的故事。He had sailed through the Straits of Magellan and he told her stories of the terrible Patagonians .他说在布宜诺斯艾利斯他站稳了脚跟，回到祖国只是为了度假。 He had fallen on his feet in Buenos Ayres , he said , and had come over to the old country just for a holiday . 当然，她的父亲知道了他们的事并禁止他们交往。Of course , her father had found out the affair and had forbidden her to have anything to say to him . “我知道那些水手，”他说。 “ I know these sailor chaps , “ he said . 有一天他和弗兰克吵了起来，从那以后她就不得不和她的情人偷偷地约会了。One day he had quarreled with Frank , and after that she had to meet her lover secretly . 街上的夜色更深了。她腿上放的两封信的白色已变得模糊难辨了。The evening deepened in the avenue . The white of two letters in her lap grew indistinct . 一封是给哈利的；另一封是给她父亲的。她最喜欢欧内斯特，但她也喜欢哈利。One was to Harry ; the other was to her father . Ernest had been her favourite , but she likeed Harry too .她注意到近来父亲变老了；他会想她的。 Her father was becoming old lately , she noticed ; he would miss her . 有时他还是非常不错的。不久以前，她生病躺了一天，他给她读了一个鬼的故事，还在火炉上给她烤面包片。Sometimes he could be very nice . Not long before , when she had been laid up for a day , he had read her out a ghost story and made toast for her at the fire .还有一天，他们的母亲还活着的时候，他们一起去霍斯山野餐，她记得父亲带着母亲的无沿女帽逗孩子们笑。 Another day , when their mother was alive , they had all gone for a picnic to the Hill of Howth . She remembered her father putting on her mothers bonnet to make the children laugh . 她的时间不多了，但她仍然坐在窗前，头靠着窗帘，呼吸着提花窗帘上的尘土气味。Her time was running out , but she continued to sit by the window ,leaning her head against the window curtain , inhaling the odour of dusty cretonne . 她听见下面街的深处传来街头风琴演奏的声音。Down far in the avenue she could hear a street organ playing . 她知道这支曲子。真奇怪这支曲子恰好在这个夜晚出现来提醒她对她母亲的承诺，保证尽可能维持这个家。She knew the air . Strange that it should come that very night to remind her of the promise to her mother , her promise to keep the home together as long as she could . 她记得她母亲生病的最后一个夜晚，她又一次置身于门厅另一侧那间闷热黑暗的房间，她听见外面奏着一首忧伤的意大利曲子。 She remembered the last night of her mothers illness ; she was again in the close , dark room at the other side of the hall and outside she heard a melancholy air of Italy . 他父亲给了风琴手六个便士让他走开。她记得父亲神气活现地回到病房说：“该死的意大利人!居然到这里来！”The organ-player had been ordered to go away and given sixpence . She remembered her father strutting back into the sick-room saying :“ Damned Italians ! Coming over here !”她沉思的时候，母亲一生的可怜景象触动了她感情的最深处那为平凡琐事牺牲了一切，最后在神经失常中结束了的一生。As she mused the pitiful vision of her mothers life laid its spell on the very quick of her being -that life of commonplace sacrifices closing in final craziness . 她颤抖着，当她听到母亲的声音一遍一遍地固执地重复着：She trembled as she heard again her mothers voice saying constantly with foolish insistence :“享乐的归宿是痛苦！享乐的归宿是痛苦！” “ Derevaun Seraun! Derevaun Seraun !”在突然的恐怖感引起的冲动下，她站了起来。逃跑!她一定要逃跑！ She stood up in a sudden impulse of terror . Escape ! She must escape ! 弗兰克会拯救她。他会给她生活，也许还有爱。Frank would save her . He would give her life , perhaps love , too . 但是她想活下去。为什么她就该不开心呢，她有快乐的权利，弗兰克会把她拥在臂弯里，紧紧地拥抱她。他会拯救她。But she wanted to live . Why should she be unhappy ? She had a right to happiness . Frank would take her in his arms , fold her in his arms . He would save her . * 她站在北墙站拥挤摆动的人群中。She stood among the swaying crowd in the station at the North Wall .他握着她的手，她知道他在同她说话，一遍遍地说着有关航行的事。He held her hand and she knew that he was speaking to her , saying something about the passage over and over again .车站里满是带着棕色行李的士兵。从棚子的大宽门望去，她瞥了一眼黑色的巨大的船体，停在码头旁边，舷窗上亮着灯光。The station was full of soldiers with brown baggages . Through the wide doors of the sheds she caught a glimpse of the black mass of the boat , lying in beside the quay wall , with illumined portholes .她什么也没有回答。她感到自己的脸颊苍白冰冷。在一片茫然的苦脑中，她请求上帝指引她，告诉她她该怎么做。She answered nothing . She felt her cheek pale and cold and , out of a maze of distress , she prayed to God to direct her , to show her what was her duty .船在薄雾中发出长长的哀伤的汽笛声。The boat blew a long mournful whistle into the mist .如果她走了，明天她就会同弗兰克一起在海上，向布宜诺斯艾利斯驶去。If she went , tomorrow she would be on the sea with Frank , steaming towards Buenos Ayres .他们的旅行已经预定好了。在他为她做了这么多以后，她还能退缩吗？Their passage had been booked . Could she still draw back after all he had done for her ?她的苦恼在她的身上引起想吐的感觉，她不停地动着嘴唇默默地、狂热地祈祷着。Her distress awoke a nausea in her body and she kept moving her lips in silent fervent prayer . 一阵铃声摇响在她的心头。她感到他在抓着她的手：“来吧！”A bell clanged upon her heart . She felt him seize her hand : “ Come!” 她的心潮汹涌澎湃。他正拉着她走进那波涛，他会把她淹死的。All the seas of the world tumbled about her heart . He was drawing her into them : he would drown her .她的双手紧紧地抓着铁栏杆。“来!”She gripped with both hands at the iron railing . :”Come !”不！不！不！不可能。她的手疯狂地抓着铁栅栏，在心海中她发出痛苦的叫喊。No! No! No ! It was impossible . Her hands clutched the iron in frenzy . Amid the seas she sent a cry of anguish . “伊芙林！艾微！”“Eveline ! Evvy !” 他冲过栅栏，大喊着要她跟上。He rushed beyond the barrier and called to her to follow .人们喊着让他快走，但他仍在大声喊着她。He was shouted at to go on , but he still called to her .她苍白的面孔对着他，那么迟钝、被动，像个无助的动物。She set her white face to him , passive , like a helpless animal .她的眼里没有向他表示出任何的爱或离情别意，就像不认识他一样。Her eyes gave him no sign of love or farewell or recognition . L 3 Whats Wrong With Our Press ? 我们的报纸问题何在？玛亚曼斯内 报纸与电视相比具有两大优越性。男人可以把报纸作为阻隔妻子的屏障，现在这仍然是早晨避免目睹爱侣起床后尊容的惟一有效幕障。这样，报纸作出了独一无二的具有人情味的贡献。Newspapers have two great advantages over television . They can be used by men as barriers against their wives . It is still the only effective screen against the morning features of the loved one ,and , as such , performs a unique human service .第二个优越性是，电视机不能用来衬垫垃圾桶，而报纸通常却有此功能。The second advantage is that you cant line a garbage pail with a television set -its usually the other way around .罗珀先生进行了一项小小的鲜为人知的调查，题目是“从问答调查看观众对电视的反应”，下面就是一些有趣的统计数字。But here are some interesting statistics from a little , and little known , survey by Mr. Roper called “ The publics reaction to Television Following the Quiz Investigations “ . 调查中，他问了除我以外的所有人这样一个问题：假如你只能在广播、电视、报纸、杂志中继续保留一种，你愿意要哪一种？ In it he asks everybody but me this question : Suppose you could continue to have only one of the following-radio ,television , newspapers ,or magazines -which would you prefer ? 结果报纸占第二位：42的人说，如果只能要一种，他们将保留电视；32的人说如果只能要一种，他们将保留报纸。Newspapers came in second : Forty two percent said if they could only have one , they would keep television. Thirty two per cent said if they could only have one , they would keep newspapers . 即便如此，报界人士应比办杂志的人高兴得多了，因为说需要杂志的人只有4，而要广播的人达到了19。 Even so , newspaper people should be much happier than the magazine people , because only four per cent said they needed magazines , as against nineteen per cent for radio . 但是且听以下情况。罗珀先生又问同一些被他纠缠的人，“如果你从广播、电视、杂志和报纸上得到对同一新闻互相矛盾或不同的报导，这四种报导中您最愿意相信哪一种？”相信报纸的人占32，而相信电视的人占30。But listen to this . Mr. Roper asked these same harried people :” If you get conflicting or different reports of the same new story from radio , television , the magazines , and the newspapers , which of the four versions would you be most inclined to believe ? “ Thirty two per cent believe newspapers as against thirty per cent who believe television .但是接下来却又出现了一个十分奇怪的现象，当罗珀先生问他的实验对象，这些新闻媒体中他们最不相信的是哪一种时，居于首位的是报纸，而且遥遥领先，有24的人不相信报纸，不相信电视的则是9。But then something really strange happens . When Mr. Roper asked his guinea pigs which of these media they would be least inclined to believe , the newspapers topped the list . In a big way , too . Twenty four per cent dont believe newspapers as against nine per cent who dont believe television . 事实是，尽管电视网在为提供新闻给公众这一极端重要的业务上分配的时间仍然太少，但是，电视在那少量的时间内做得比全国的报纸加在一起还要好。The fact is that although network television still allots too little time to the vital service of informing the public , it does a better job in that little time than the nations press as a whole .当我提到全国的报纸合在一起时，我并未包括那五六家办得出色的报纸，以及那惟一的一家伟大的报纸，这些报纸为世界作出了负责任地向公众提供新闻的榜样。And when I speak of the nations press as a whole , I am not speaking of the five or six splendid newspapers -and the one great newspaper -which serve the world as models of responsible public information .我所指的是地方报纸，在千百个美国社区内，除了重复自动收报机上收到的被当作广播的内容之外，这些报纸是惟一的信息来源。I am speaking of the local press which in hundreds of American communities is the only news available , aside from those recitals of ticker tape that pass for radio news . 为什么我认为电视网在提供新闻方面比这些报纸做得好些呢？Why do I think network Tvdoes a better job of informing than these papers ?让我们先把报纸的党派性这一点说清楚。电视比报纸依靠广告的程度甚至还要大，既然广告是笔大生意，广告从本质上就是亲共和党的。Well , lets get the partisan bit over with . Television lives on advertising to an even greater extent than newspapers , and since advertising is big business , advertising is by nature Republican .然而无论在电视网的新闻节目中还是时事评论中，我都未遇到这个国家大多数报纸的社论版上所反映出的那强烈的党派性甚至常常是狂热无理的偏见。yet nowhere in network newscasts or network commentaries on current events have I encountered the intense partisanship , the often rabid bias that colors the editorial pages of the majority of newspapers in this country .道格拉斯卡特在他的政府的第四部门一书中仅在一尖刻的脚注中提到这一问题，他写道：“我有意识地回避讨论报纸实质上主要由一党占有这一问题。这是现实生活中的事实。”Douglass Cater , in his book The Fourth Branch of Government , confines himself to only one pungent footnote on this subject . “ I have deliberately avoided , “ he writes , “ getting into the predominantly one-party nature of newspaper wonership. it is a fact of life . “生活中这样的事实是个让人羞耻的事实，负有向美国公众提供信息责任的报纸，在对公众具有深远影响的问题上只向他们提供一面之辞，即共和党的一面。This particular fact of life is a shameful one : that newspapers whose duty is to inform the American public give them only one side of the issues that affect them profoundly -the Republican side .这样做不仅对民主党来说不够体面然而他们过去既能生存，今后也定能如此对我们成熟的人民来说也是如此。This is shameful not only for Democrats -they have survived it before and will survive it again -but for the maturity of our people .有一些这样的报纸，它们一面大肆吹嘘企业的自由经营与自由办报的优点，一面始终不刊登能使人们得出公正独立见解的事实。Some of the same papers which loudly extol the virtues of free enterprise and a free press are consistently failing to print the facts on which a people can form a balance and independent opinion .而这种公正独立的见解正是我们作为一个国家惟一真正的安全保证。That balanced and independent opinion is our only real security as a nation .现在，电视中的新闻报道常常是肤浅的、不充分的；画面经常凌驾于观点之上。Now , very often , television coverage of news is superficial and inadequate . very often the picture takes precedence over the point . 但是总的来说哥伦比亚广播公司、全国广播公司以及美国广播公司作出了各种努力，使新闻报导及评论能就某一问题给观众提供不止一个方面的看法，他们或提供机会让观点对立的人充分发表自己的见解；或对两大党在有关问题上的立场都进行概括介绍。But by and large the news reports and commentaries on CBS and NBC and ABC make every effort to present viewers with more than one aspect of an issue , either by letting opposing spokesmen have their say , or by outlining the positions held by both major parties on the subject involved . 电视还通过邀请四五位专家在电视上展开论战来提供不同的见解。Television also provides a wide range of opinion by setting up four or five experts and letting them knock each other down .这类做法地方报纸又采取了哪些呢？What has the local press of this nature ?幸运的是对美国公众来说，电视不允许那种对事实的歪曲，那种党派间的恶毒攻击和个人怨恨的发泄，而这是许多报纸不仅欢迎而且鼓励的。Fortunately for the American public , television does not tolerate the kind of distortion of fact , the kind of partisan virulence and personal peeve , that many newspapers not only welcome but encourage .在娱乐节目中，电视过于迎合人们最低级的本能，特别是对暴力的欲望。In its entertainment , television caters far too much to the lowest instincts of man , particularly the lust for violence .但是有一个欲望是电视无法满足而美国极具党派性的报纸却可以满足的，那就是仇恨对一切不一样的事物的仇恨。But there is one appetite it does not feed and which the partisan newspapers of the nation do : the appetite for hate -hate of whatever is different .在电视上我从未看到过纽约的小报以及全国许多地方报纸上常年出现的那种社论。I do not find on televison the kind of editorials chronic in the New York tabloids as well as in many local papers across the country . 报纸有权利甚至有责任具有某种态度、采取某一立场，但它也有同样神圣的权利参照对立的观点来解释自己的立场，通过翔实的材料来证实这一立场，并运用事实而不是感情来支持这一立场。A newspaper has the right -the duty even
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