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UNIT 11. During each of these passages, how we feel about our way of living will undergo subtle changes in four areas of perception. One is the interior sense of self in relation to others. 在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的看法要经历四个感知方面的微妙变化：第一，在内心中对自己和他人的看法；1. A second is the proportion of safeness to danger we feel in our lives. A third is our perception of timedo we have plenty of it,or are we beginning to feel that time is running out? 第二，在生活的各种威胁面前所具有的安全感；第三是我们对时间的认识，是感到来日方长，还是开始感到时日无多？ 1. Last, there will be some shift at the gut level in our sense of aliveness or stagnation. These are the hazy sensations that compose the background tone of living and shape the decisions on which we take action. 最后是对自己的精力和活力的直觉意识，是感到精力充沛，还是感到力不从心？这些都是在我们内心里产生的若明若暗的感觉，它们构成了我们生活的基调，影响着我们采取行动前的种种决定。1. The tasks of this passage are to locate ourselves in a peer group role ,a sex role, an anticipated occupation,an ideology or world view. 人生这一阶段的任务是，在同龄人中，在性别角色中，在期望的职业中，以及在思想意识和世界观方面确立自己的位置。2. As a result, we gather the impetus to leave home physically and the identity to begin leaving home emotionally. 这样，我们既有了离家独立的动力，也有了离家独立的心理准备。1. Buoyed by powerful illusions and belief in the power of the will,we commonly insist in our tewnties that what we have chosen to do is the one true course in life. 由于幻想的鼓舞和支持以及对自己意志充满信心，我们在二十几岁时普遍认定自己选择的道路是人生真正的事业所在。2. Our backs go up at the merest hint that we are like our parents ,that two decades of parental training might be reflected in our current actions and attitudes. 如果有人说我们很想自己的父母，说我们的言行举止是父母二十多年来教育和熏陶的结果，我们会很不高兴Unit2 It took several years for the virus to break out of Congos dense and sparsely populated jungles but, once it did, it marched with rebel armies through the continents numerous war zones, 几年之后此病毒从刚果荒蛮浓密的从林中爆发出来。一旦流传开来，它就随着反叛部队穿越大陆的各个战区；rode with truckers from one rest-stop brothel to the nest, and eventually flew, perhaps with an air steward, to America, where it was discovered in the early 1980s. 随着货车司机驶过各个妓院；最终，可能随着空中乘务员飞往美国，并在那里于20世纪80年代初被发现。 Of the 25 monitoring sites in Zimbabwe where pregnant women are tested for HIV, only two in 1997 showed prevalence below 10%. 在津巴布韦的25个受监控的地区，怀孕的妇女接收了HIV病毒的检测。1997年只有两个地区显示其感染率在10%以下。 This is because so many people in poor countries do not contribute much to the formal economy. To put it even more crudely, where there is a huge oversupply of unskilled labour, the dead can easily be replaced. 这是因为在贫困国家许多人对正常的经济发展不起作用。说的再残酷些，在一个拥有大量非技术劳力的国家里，死去的劳力很容易被取代When a breadwinner develops AIDS, his (or her) family is impoverished twice over : his income vanishes, and his relations must devote time and money to nursing him. 当一家之主染上了艾滋病，他或她的家庭损失就不是一个人的事了。因为不止是他的收入没有了，他的亲属还要花时间和金钱去照料他。There was no attempt to play down the spread of HIV to avoid scaring off tourists, as happened in Kenya. Thai were repeatedly warned of the dangers, told how to avoid them, and left to make their own choices. 泰国政府认为没有必要像肯尼亚那样由于害怕吓走了旅游者而淡化HIV传播的严重性。泰国人被反复告知HIV的危害性，以及如何避免它，最后由他们自己去做出选择。Unit3 For almost four years, research into HIV has been dominated by a single theory about how the virus causes the catastrophic collapse of the immune defences that leads to AIDS. But the consensus on this the theory is now crumbling, thanks in part to the work of a Dutch team led by immunologist Frank Miedema. 近四年来，病毒引起免疫系统灾难性崩溃从而导致艾滋病这一理论一直主宰着人类对HIV的研究。但是这种理论的一致性现在正在动摇，部分原因是由于免疫学家弗兰克-米德马领导的一支荷兰小组对HIV的研究工作。 If the Dutch team is right, the consequences will be profound. People with HIV may hope for new types of treatment. And some of the most cherished dogmas of a multibillion-dollar research industry may be overturned.如果荷兰小组是正确的话，其影响将是深远的。感染HIV的人将有望得到新方法的治疗。而一些花费几十亿美元的研究项目中最具权威的理论就会被推翻。Unit 4 In general,the WTO has adopted rules which are in the interest of trans-national business and rejected rules by business. WTO policies have been protested by representatives of “civil society”, such as unions, consumer activists, environmentalists, indigenous people, and womens groups. 总体而言，世界贸易组织采纳了有利于跨国商务活动的规则，拒绝了商务活动反对的规则。世界贸易组织的政策遭到了来自“民间社团”的代表，如工会、消费者积极分子、环境保护主义者、土著居民、妇女团体等的反对。 In Mexico, where a currency crisis threw the nation into depression shortly after implementation of NAFTA, small business owners were in the street, too, opposing “free trade”. Poor countries of the global south, which disagree with northern unions over labor protections, agree the WTO is not working in the interests of most people. 墨西哥在执行北美贸易协定不久，货币危机使国家陷入经济萧条，小业主们也走向街头反对“自由贸易”。不同意北部联盟有关劳动保护条款的南半球的贫穷国家也认为世界贸易组织并不为大多数人谋福利。 UNIT 5In Turin，the summit leaders were still looking for a solution. Meanwhile, they tried to head off the consumer stampede with confident smiles and bold speeches. No matter how many British cows are destroyed, European beef sales are not likely to return their pre-scare levels for a long timeif European beef sales are ever likely to return to the pre-scare levels. Like many Americans, European have been cutting down on their intake of beef in recent years, and mad-cow panic will probably intensify that trend. Even so , the leaders gamely battled on. “At lunch, they served us veal,” Chirac told reporters in Turin. “Every one of the presidents and prime ministers ate it with gusto.” 在都灵，欧盟领导人仍然在寻求解决疯牛病的办法；同时他们还带着自信的笑容、振振有词地劝阻那些消费者不要放弃牛肉。无论要销毁多少英国牛，欧洲的牛肉销量也不可能恢复到产生消费恐慌之前的水平；即使欧洲牛肉销售量有可能达到恐慌之前的水平也需要很长时间。像许多美国人一样，近年来欧洲人已经大大减少了对牛肉的消费，而且疯牛病还会加剧这一趋势。即使这样，欧盟领导人仍然以乐观的情绪继续这场保卫战。在都灵，希拉克告诉记者：“我们每位总统和总理都在津津有味地吃着牛肉呢!”。UNIT 61、 Courtship both preceded the announcement of an engagement and followed the announcement, although a broken engagement was so serious that it could be expected to throw the girl into a depression from which she might never recover. 人们一般是先恋爱后订婚，但也有先订婚后恋爱的。不过，订了婚再后悔是很糟糕的事，这会把一个姑娘推向痛苦的深渊而永远无法解脱。2、 Gifts had to be either immediately consumable, like candy or flowers, or indestructible, like diamondswhich could be given back, their value unimpaired, if there was a rift in the relationship. Objects that could be damaged by use, like gloves and furs, were forbidden.礼物可以是马上就能用的，如糖果或鲜花，或不易损坏的，如钻石如果关系破裂了，还可以退回，价值也不会受损。容易用旧、用坏的物品，诸如手套和皮货之类的东西是禁止赠送的。3、 The wedding day was the highest point in a girls lifea day to which she looked forward all her unmarried days and to which she looked back for the rest of her life. The splendor of her wedding, the elegance of dress and veil, the cutting of the cake, the departure amid a shower of rice and confetti, gave her an accolade of which no subsequent event could completely rob her.举行婚礼的这一天是一个姑娘一生中最美好的时刻：这一天婚前她一直盼望着，而婚后她也将值得她永远回忆。婚礼的场面一般都蔚为壮观。华丽高贵的结婚礼服及面纱，切蛋糕的场面，离开时祝福的人们撒来的米粒和五彩纸屑，交织在一起为新娘谱写了一曲新婚颂歌，使她一乍都难以忘却。4、Active concern for the world permits either celibacy or marriage, but continuous preoccupation with sex leaves no time for anything else. As we used to say in the 20s, promiscuity, like free verse, is lacking in structure. 要关心世界大事，既可以过正常的婚姻生活，也可以过独身生活。但如果只是一味的沉湎于性，那就根本谈不上什么对其他事的关心。正像我们在20年代常说的那样：乱交就像自由诗一样无节而又无度。
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