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Since 用法小结 一Since作为介词，后接某一确定的时间点，主句谓语动词是持续性动词，常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用。例如： 1、He left the village in 1982 and I havent seen him since then.1982年他离开这个村子，从那以后我再没见过他。 2、Shes been working in a bank since leaving school.她中学毕业后就一直在一家银行工作。 3.He had spoken to her only once since the party. 自从那次聚会以来，他只跟她说过一次话。 二Since作为副词，表示从过去以来、以后或到现在的情形或状态，常与现在完成时态连用。例如： 1He left home two weeks ago and we havent heard from him since. 他两周前离开了家，到现在我们一直没有他的消息。 2He came to Zhenjiang 6 years ago and has lived here (ever) since.他6年前来到镇江，从此便住在这里。 三since引导原因状语从句 作为连词，since可引导原因状语从句，表示因为；既然；鉴于：例如： 1 He didnt come since he was busy.他因为忙，所以没有来。 2 Since this method doesnt work, lets try another.既然这种方法不行，我们就试用另一种吧。 四Since引导时间状语从句 1若since引导的状语从句的谓语是终止性动词的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。例如： He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。 We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。 2若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作或状态结束时算起”。例如： I havent heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，所以这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。 3若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。例如：I havent heard from him since he has lived there。 这里has lived表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信”。 五Since在特殊句型中的应用 句型I：“It is （has been）+时间+since+持续性动词的过去时”，表示“自从以来到现在已有多久。”例如： It has been quite some time since I was last in London.我上次离开伦敦至今颇有一段时间了。句型II：“It was+时间+since+持续性动词的过去完成时”,表示“从到过去某时间点以来”，例如：It was three years since we had been here.那时我们在这已呆了三年。六巩固练习 （一）单项选择1Do you smoke？_ Its two years since I smokedAYes，I do BNo，I dont CNot too much DOh，but I wish I didnt2Since you are busy, you _ tomorrow. A. dont need come B. need not come C. neednt come D. mustnt come3. -Has he been home?-_, he _home since he graduated. A. No; hasnt been B. Yes; has been C. No; isnt D. Yes; is4They _friends since they met in Shanghai. A. havent been B. have been C. arent D. are5. I_ here since he left the door open, but it seems that he wont come back today. A. have been waiting B. will have waited C. was waiting D. waited6. I _ from him since he has lived here. A. heard B. have heard C. have never heard D. have been hearing7. He came to China _ 1998.A. from B. since C. at D. in8. - Excuse me. Did you notice whether the No.18 bus had gone by?-Not _ _ I began to stand here.A. as B. when C. since D. while （二）汉译英：1他好久没学英语了。2. 自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。3. 自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。4. 约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了。5自从我们看望你母亲以来到现在有多长时间了？参考答案（一）：1B 。“It is （has been）+时间+since+持续性动词的过去时”，表示“已有多久没了”。 Its two years since I smoked意思是“我两年没有抽烟了，故选择B项。2、C。不必做某事：neednt do sth.，所以选择C项。3、A。“since引导的时间状语从句的谓语是终止性动词的过去时，则从句的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻算起”。 “he hasnt been home since he graduated”表示“自从他毕业以来，他就离开了家”，故选择A项。4、B。用法同练习3。“They .have been friends since they met in Shanghai”，自从他们在上海相识以来，一直是朋友。故选择B项。5.A 。I have been waiting here since he left the door open, but it seems that he wont come back today意思是“自从他关上门以来，我一直在等他，但他是乎今天回不来了”。故选择A项。6.C。since引导的时间状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。“I have never heard from him since he has lived there ”意思是“自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我从未收到他的来信”。故选择C项。7.D。表示时间点用in，句子时态是过去时，故选择D项。8.C。用法同练习3。 “Not since I began to stand here”意思是“自从我开始站在这里就没有注意到”。故选择C项。（二）1. Its a long time since he studied English.2. He has never been to see me since I have been ill.3. He has never been to see me since I was ill.4. John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher .5. How long is it since we visited your mother?参考文献：1 Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Great Britain, 19782 朗文当代英语辞典，北京，外语教学与研究出版社，19953 新英汉词典，上海，上海译文出版社第一版，19784 牛津高阶英汉双解词典，北京，商务印书馆牛津大学出版社第四版增补本，20025 新英汉用法词典（高中卷），长春，吉林教育出版社第一版，1997
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