句型分类及教案设计.doc

句型教学分类及教案设计 登灜中学 严海 2012年8月30日一、句型复习的重要性： 句型也称句子结构，是根据句子的结构意义和结构特点从大量的句子中概括出来的典型句型，是语言结构的模式。句型具有代表性和常用性，是语言知识的重要内容之一。学生如果能够掌握一定数量的常用句型，就能为其表达思想、传递信息和进行交际打下良好的基础。下面就句型复习分块这一块内容的设想做一下说明，不足之处，敬请谅解。二、句型分类： 我们本次主要根据小学高年级的英语书中出现的句子进行归纳整理并重新分类，分类我考虑了很久，决定按2种类型进行不容的分类，各位教师可以根据自己学生的实际情况选择使用，当然也可以按你们自己的的思路进行分类，我这里介绍的只是起到了抛砖引玉的作用，希望各位老师在教学实践的过程中，能挖掘出各种不同方式的分类方法，到时我们所有的老师都可以去学习他们好的做法和经验。下面我介绍一下我的2种分类方式： 一、按句型的功能进行分类；二按不同的主题进行分类。按功能分的话，学生在记忆和理解方面相对来说简单一点，但在编写教案时可能要多费好多脑筋，应试教育的痕迹还很明显，这个问题等会儿我会在下面讲解教案时具体说明。按不同的主题进行分类，它的优点在于我共分了6个主题，句型操练我们也只要上6课时，你只要按照这些涉及到的句型进行教案的编写就可以了，但缺点是学生在记忆上有点难度，我们说我们学习句型主要是为了今后在交际中进行信息的传递，如果学生对句子的功能不理解的话，只是死记硬背，那么就起不到效果了。我下面介绍的课程设计是从培养学生交际能力为出发点的，使学生不在刚进初中时就对英语学习感到厌烦。 分类方法一： 按句型的功能进行分类： 一、 时间或日期：1. What time is it? Its2. Its time foe bed. The clock doesnt work.3.When is your birthday? Its October 1st, our National Day. 4. When do you do morning exercises? I usually do morning exercises at 8:30.5. What do you know about months?There are twelve months in a year. They are January, Februaryand December.6. What months make up the spring in Shanghai? AhJanuary, February and March.7. What day is today? Its Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/ Thursday/Friday/Saturday/Sunday. 8. Whats the date today? Its January the first. 二、 方位或地方1.Where is my toy car？ Its here, under the chair. 2. Where are your pens? Theyre in the pencil box.3. Where is our classroom? Its on the second floor.4. Excuse me, where is the library? Its near the post office. 5. Where are you from? Im from China. 三、 数量与价钱1. How much is this dress? Its ninety yuan. 2. How much are these apples? Theyre forty-five yuan. 3. How much milk is there in the fridge? There is a little. 4. How many girls are there in your class? There are fifteen.四、 How的问句1. How do you go to school? I go to school by bike.2. How old are you? Im twelve years old.3. How tall are you? Im 160cm tall.4. How heavy are you? Im 40 kg.5. How can I get to the Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No.15 bus. 6. How long is the river? Its 100 kilometers long. 7. How does it smell/ taste/feel? -Its rough and its round / It smells nice. It tastes sour.五、 身体状况或情绪1.How are you? Fine, thank you. 2. Whats wrong with you? Ive got a fever and a headache.六、 想吃的的东西1. What do you usually have for your lunch?2. What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ?Id like some bread and milk / rice and soup.3. Whats for breakfast / lunch / dinner?Hamburgers and orange juice4. Whats your favourite fruit? Why？ 5. Which do you like better, sweet fruit or sour fruit？七、 天气状况1.Whats the weather like today? -Its sunny. We can go for a picnic.2. There is a lot of rain in south China. We have little snow in Shanghai.3. Its a rainy day. / The weather is sunny and warm. Its cloudy today.4. The high temperature will fall from 15 to 5 degrees this afternoon. The low will be 0 degrees tomorrow morning.5.Who is stronger, the sun or the wind?6.The changing weather has something to do with the sun.7.The clouds get heavy with water, and the water turns into raindrops.八、 职业、身份或人物1.Whats Bellas mothers job? She is a dentist.2. What does your father do? He is a doctor. 3.Who is the woman over there? She is our class teacher. What is she like? She is young and thin. 4.What do you want to be/do in the future? I want to be a nurse. 5.My mother made some cakes for us yesterday.6.My uncle took me to the funfair last Saturday.7.Shes pretty. She looks like her father. 九、 兴趣、喜好1.Whats your favourite book? Childrens story. 2. Whats your favourite season? Winter. 3. Whats your hobby? My hobby is reading books. 4. Some people like to go by taxi. I like to go on foot.5.My grandfather likes animals. Hes got many pets.6.They were both interested in flying.7.What does Sandy like to learn? Maybe he likes playing the violin. / He would like to learn the piano.十、 经常做得事情1. I usually do my homework. Sometimes I play football.2. He shows his drum to the children and teaches David how to play it.3. Does he/she ? Yes, he/she does. No, he/she doesn/t. He/She doesnt 4. Do you/we/they ? Yes, I/we/ they do. No, I/we/they dont. 5. The shop is open from 9：00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.十一、 正在做得事情1. What are you doing? Im / We are watching TV.2. Whats going on？ Mickey and Donald are sitting in the back of an old truck. 3. Is he/she playing football? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isnt.4. Im playing the piano. Tom is beating the drum. She is playing the guitar.5. Carol is walking a dog.十二、 将要做得事情1. What are we going to do during the summer holidays? Im going to / Hes going to / Were going to 2. The Wangs will have to wait for another weekend. What a bad piece of luck!3 . Is it going to rain tomorrow? No, it will be cloudy.4. Are you going to ? Yes, we are. No, we arent.5. I/We shall We shall give Sandy a robot as a birthday gift.6. What will you/he/she/they/we do? I/he/she/they/we will do .十三、 曾经做得事情1. I/He/She was You were 2.Did you/he/she/they ? Yes, I/he/she/they did. No, I/he/she/they didnt.3. What did you do yesterday? I did 4. What did the children do at the party?They sang songs to Jenny and blew out the candles on her birthday cake.5.They took the maglev train to the airport.6. Once upon a time there was a young prince. He wanted to marry a princess.十四、 一般疑问句1. Is there/Are there ? Yes, there is. / No, there isnt. Yes, there are./No, there arent.2. Is this Toms umbrella? No, his is black ( hers, ours, theirs) This is mine. Is it nice? Yes. Yours is so nice.3.Do you ride a bicycle to school ever day? No. I take a bus to school every day.4.Hello, this is Tom. Is that Mr. White? -Yes, speaking.5. May / Can I ? -Yes, please. / Yes, you may / can. No, Im afraid you cant.6. Must I do my homework now? -Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.7. Could we have something sweet for a change?十五、 祈使句1.Give me a bottle of water, please. Here you are.2. Please write to me about your family.3.Dont / Please dont .4.Lets take a break then. Thats a good idea. Lets go skateboarding.5.Glad to meet you, Julia.Glad to meet you too.6. Sports can make us healthy.7.We can wear uniforms to school, but we dont need to wear them all the time.8. Mum cant read, and I cant, either.9. Students must get to school on time. Students mustnt eat in class.十六、 其他1.Whats in the box? There is /are 2. What will the world be like in the future? It will be very different in the future. 3.Where would you like to eat? Lets go to a fast food restaurant. 4. Would you like to try some dumplings? Yes, Id love to. /Oh no, thank you. 5.Shall we play the game of ?6.Why not learn some Chinese before you go? Thats a good idea.7.Why are you in a hurry?I think Ill be late for the football match.8.How was your weekend? -It was great.9.What do you need for the picnic? -We need10. Which season do you like best? Why?11Wed like to play basketball in PE lessons once a month.12.I like to have lunch at our school dining room because the food there is delicious.13. What a beautiful school garden! How big the building is!分类方法二：按不同的主题进行分类。 主题一：学校（规则、课程、教室）1.-Is there/Are there ? -Yes, there is. / No, there isnt. Yes, there are./No, there arent2. What a beautiful school garden! How big the building is!3. -How many girls are there in your class? -There are fifteen.4.-Where is/are? -Its/Theyre in/on/near/behind.5. -How much do you know about a calendar?-It tells us days and dates.-What do you know about months?-There are twelve months in a year. They are January, Februaryand December.6. Students must get to school on time. Students mustnt eat in class. -Must I do my homework now? -Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.7.-Do you ride a bicycle to school ever day? -No. I take a bus to school every day.8.We can wear uniforms to school, but we dont need to wear them all the time.9.Wed like to play basketball in PE lessons once a month.10.I like to have lunch at our school dining room because the food there is delicious.11.Anyway, it lucky of you to have a school garden.12.-Whats wrong with you? -Ive got a fever and a headache.13.-What time is it? -ItsIts time for bed. The clock doesnt work.主题二： 上海（景点、假日、小吃）1.-Giveplease. -Here you are.2.Dont / Please dont .3.-How much? -Its yuan. /Theyre yuan.4.How does it smell/ taste/feel? -Its rough and its round / It smells nice. It tastes sour.5.Whats your favourite fruit? Why？ Which do you like better, sweet fruit or sour fruit？6. What do you usually have for your lunch?7.Where would you like to eat? 8.Would you like to try some dumplings?9.Could we have something sweet for a change?10. -What months make up the spring in Shanghai? - AhJanuary, February and March.11. Which season do you like best? Why?主题三：家庭（理想、娱乐活动）1.-Whats Bellas mothers job? -She is a dentist.2.Please write to me about your family.3.There are four people in my family. They are my father, my mother, my brother and me.4.Shes pretty. She looks like her father. 5.My grandfather likes animals. Hes got many pets.6.Lets.7.-Why not learn some Chinese before you go? -Thats a good idea.8.-What do you want to be/do in the future? - I want to9.-What does Sandy like to learn? -Maybe he likes playing the violin. / He would like to learn the piano.10.What will the world be like in the future?11. Mum cant read, and I cant, either.12.They were both interested in .主题四：聚会（生日派对、野餐）1.My mother made some cakes for us yesterday.2.-Whats in the box? -There is /are 3.-What do you need for the picnic? -We need4.-When is your birthday? - Its on / Its in .5.What day is today? Whats the date today?6. There is a birthday party for him7.-What did the children do at the party?-They sang songs to Jenny and blew out the candles on her birthday cake.8.-How was your weekend? -It was great.9.can / cant , must / mustnt , should10.Shall we play the game of ?11. Whats going on？ He is / She is / They are 12.-Hello, this is Tom. Is that Mr. White? -Yes, speaking.13.Our birthday party will be open from 6：00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.主题五：户外活动1.Lets go skateboarding.2.Sports can make us healthy.3.My uncle took me to the funfair last Saturday.4.Some people like to go by taxi. I like to go on foot.5.May / Can I ? -Yes, please. / Yes, you may / can. No, Im afraid you cant.6.-Why are you in a hurry?-I think Ill be late for the football match.7.The Wangs will have to wait for another weekend. What a bad piece of luck!8.They took the maglev train to the airport.9. That sounds interesting. 主题六：天气1.-Glad to meet you, Julia.-Glad to meet you too.2. -Is this Toms umbrella? -No, his is black ( hers, ours, theirs) This is mine. Is it nice? Yes. Yours is so nice.3. Whats the weather like today? -Its sunny. We can go for a picnic.4. There is a lot of rain in south China. We have little snow in Shanghai. Its a rainy day. / The weather is sunny and warm. Its cloudy today.5.He/She/It will The high temperature will fall from 15 to 5 degrees this afternoon. The low will be 0 degrees tomorrow morning.6.Who is stronger, the sun or the wind?7.-Whose turn is it now? -Its my turn.8.The changing weather has something to do with the sun.9.The clouds get heavy with water, and the water turns into raindrops.10. What kind of weather do you like?I like sunny weather because I can play on the beach. The sand is nice and soft. 常用句型：1. Dont / Please dont .2. Lets.3. -Glad to meet you, Julia.-Glad to meet you too.4. What a beautiful school garden! How big the building is!5. Whats your favourite fruit? Why？ Which do you like better, sweet fruit or sour fruit？6. Whats the weather like today? -Its sunny. We can go for a picnic.7. May / Can I ? -Yes, please. / Yes, you may / can. No, Im afraid you cant.8. -Hello, this is Tom. Is that Mr. White? -Yes, speaking.9.-Whats wrong with you? -Ive got a fever and a headache.10. -Why not learn some Chinese before you go? -Thats a good idea.11. -What do you want to be/do in the future? - I want to12. -How was your weekend? -It was great.13. Wed like to play basketball in PE lessons once a month.14. can / cant , must / mustnt , should15. Would you like to do sth. ? Yes, Id love to.16. Shall we do ?三：句型教学的设计： 在句型教学方面，传统的教学方式是简单地将句型和中文意思写在黑板上，然后一遍又一遍地带领学生朗读，其结果只能是教师和学生读得口干舌燥，课堂上一潭死水，毫无生机。虽然有些学生能将句子读得滚瓜烂熟，但实际交流时却张口结舌，更谈不上正确表达和灵活使用。情景是语言教学中不可缺少的条件。语言存在于特定的情景中，如果离开了情景，语言将成为无源之水，无本之木，结合情景进行句型教学可以营造积极主动和生动活泼的课堂教学氛围，促使学生集中注意力，激发学生的学习兴趣，帮助学生充分理解并操练句型，以提高教学质量。 活动是激发学生语言交流的有效手段。如果教师能组织一些活动来吸引学生把注意力放在活动上，使用所学的英语，通过交流来解决问题，那么，语言学习就会自然发生，在各种各样的活动中进行句型教学可以避免操练的枯燥无味，同时也能促使学生用所学的句型进行语言交流，让学生在交流活动中自觉地把注意力从语言形式转向语言意义、转向信息和情感的交流。 句型教学一般可以分为呈现理解（用多媒体呈现句型、用动作和表情呈现句型、用游戏和活动呈现句型），操练巩固（以多种形式循环操练句型）和交际应用三个阶段（交际性操练是指运用所学句型开展具有信息沟通的活动，这是一种在模拟的或真实的情景中进行的语言操练，教师应尽量运用学生熟练掌握的句型，提出真实性的问题或开展运用所学句型的游戏活动，提高学生的交际能力），这三个阶段既有区别，又彼此联系，并不断发展。根据这一特点，教师应采用灵活多变的教学方法和设计精妙的教学活动，合理并有效地进行句型教学。 事实上，我们一线的教师也都在考虑这个问题，句型教学如何让学生学得轻松，乐于接受，又能提高语言交际的能力呢？我在设计这节课的教案时就一直在考虑这个问题，我本人觉得通过情景创设，开展多种有趣活动的句型教学法，既符合了学生的心里特点，也许又能收到事半功倍的效果。 当然，我所设计的这个教案，也并不是一个多么生动又有效果的教案，我也只是在朝着这方面去思考，去设计，或许，我这个教案也并不能真正体现出情景教学，而且我的这个教案中肯定还有很多不足的地方，希望大家能够批评指正，我们共同商讨，共同提高。 句型说课教案:一、 教材分析：本节课主要是针对生日这一主题开展教学活动课的，因为这是一节复习巩固的课，所以复习的内容比较的多而且有一定的难度，主要涉及的句型有四种类型，询问日期的、问干过什么的（一般现在时、过去时、一般将来时）、打电话用语及提出建议。关于教学目标的制定：1、是复习部分涉及到的重点及较难的单词；2、是复习重要的句型；3、是通过听和说提高学生的口语交际能力。 二、 教学处理：教学的主要任务不是积累知识，而是发展思维。教师在传授知识的同时，更要教会学生方法，发展学生的能力，让他们通过思考，将有关知识重新提炼总结。鉴于本课的特点及学生现有的知识水平，我主要通过三个不同的句型操练及导入，复习三种时态，引导学生采用听、看、说、及表演等方法来复习本课的重点句型，通过听、看达到有所思、有所得。帮助学生掌握学习重点，多表扬、勤鼓励，使不同层次的学生都有学习积极性，在能力上均有所提高。通过本课的学习，我们要培养学生乐于用英语开口交流的良好习惯，提高学生的学习兴趣，使学生的口语能力逐步得到提高。三、 教学方法： 为了顺利完成以上的各项目标，更好地突出重点、突破难点，按照学生的认知规律，我采用了讲读、直观演示、情景教学等方法进行句型的复习。“兴趣是最好的老师”，初中起始阶段的学生应更注重趣味教学。在课堂教学中，我把枯燥的句型复习融入到情景教学中，结合学生的生活实际，使学生更直观地去感受本课的教学内容及重点。教学不是简单的知识传授，为了不使学生感到枯燥无味，教师应采用多种教学手段，如多媒体电化教学比较形象、直观；在教学过程中启发、引导学生思维，培养不同层次的学生大胆用英语交际的能力。四、 教学过程；综上所述，句型教学是英语教学的主要形式和重要内容，教师应积极创设真实的情景，组织形式多样和贴近学生生活的活动，让学生在情趣盎然的氛围中，灵活使用所学知识，提高语言交际能力。