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Unit 3 Teenage problems(B)一. 教学内容：9A Unit 3 Grammar 二. 教学目标：1. To-infinitives 动词不定式2. “wh” words + to-infinitive 疑问词+不定式动词 3. Sentence types 句子的四种类型【具体教学过程】（一）To-infinitives 动词不定式Subject (主语)To plant trees every year is necessary.不定式作主语常能换成形式主语 “it”.To eat too much is unhealthy for you.It is unhealthy for you to eat too much.To learn English well is important.It is important to learn English well.我们相信早上读英语是有帮助的.We believe it is helpful to read English in the morning.Predictive (表语)My dream is to be a great football player.不定式作表语，说明主语的内容，性质，特征，能接不定式作表语的名词有: dream, plan, duty, aim, purpose, job 等1. 我的目的是帮助你提高你的英语水平。My purpose is to help you improve your English.2. 赫本的梦想是成为一个成功的芭蕾舞者。Hepburns dream was to become a successful ballet dancer.Object (宾语)不定式可以接在有些动词后作宾语, 如: hope, promise, plan, learn, decide, choose, prepare, agree, remember, forget, seem1. 请你不要忘记参加我们的俱乐部派对。Please dont forget to take part in our club party.2. 他决定上课时不再讲话了。He decided not to talk in class any longer.(不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not)下列句子中哪个是宾语?Wearing red can make it easier for you to take action.“it”可以代替不定式作宾语，称之为形式宾语。能加形式宾语的动词通常有: make, find, consider, feel老师应该使学生学英语容易。Teachers should make it easier for students to learn English.我们发现打电脑游戏有趣。We find it interesting to play computer games.Object Complement (宾语补足语)My parents do not allow me to go out after 6 p.m.不定式作宾补,此时宾补与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。这样的搭配有：allow sb. to do sth.need sb. to do sth. advise sb. (not) to do sth. want sb. (not) to do sth.tell/ ask /order sb. (not) to do sth.1. 妈妈告诉我雨天不要骑自行车。My mother tells me not to ride a bike on a rainy day.有些动宾结构可以接省略“to”的不定式作宾补。(使役动词) make/ let/ have sb. do sth.(感官动词) see/hear/notice/watch sb. do sth.2. 米丽的父亲每天让她做很多练习。Millies father makes her do plenty of exercises.3. 有人看到他走进那幢高楼。Someone saw him walk into that tall building.被动语态在被动语态中 “to” 要还原。Millie is made to do plenty of exercises.He was seen to walk into that tall building.动词“help”既可以带“to” 也可以带省略“to”的不定式。This can help us (to) relax and make our lives more interesting.Attributive (定语)Mr Wu is always the last to leave.不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的词之后。1. 我还有一些事情要说。I have some more to say.2. 有必要告诉他事实的真相。There is need to tell him the truth.3. He said he found a chair to sit on. 有一些名词后常可以用不定式作定语1. Its time to go to school.2. Jim said there was no time to go to the hospital .3. Which is the way to go to the cinema?Adverbial (to express purpose表目的)He stayed there to see what would happen.不定式可用作状语表目的。Youd better take more exercise to keep healthy.People living in cold climates prefer to use warm colours to create a warm and comfortable feeling there.Adverbial (to express result表结果)Linda came back home to find her house on fire.不定式可以作状语表结果The little baby has grow up to be a beautiful girl.随堂练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I have a lot of homework _ (do) every day.2. I want to refuse _ (do) so much work.3. I hope _ (hear) from you soon.4. My dream is _ (be) a great football player.5. I believe it is important for us _ (spend) some time on our hobbies.（二）“wh” words + to-infinitive 疑问词+不定式动词 疑问词:疑问代词“who, whom, what, which, whose” 疑问副词“when, where, how” 连接词 “whether”Yao Ming 未决定下一步干什么。Yao Ming hasnt decided _ next. Su Mingjuan decided _.（到哪儿工作）Bill Gates knew_ (怎样帮助) children. 随堂练习：选词填空: how which what when where 1. When I go into the clothes shop, I always cant decide _ one to buy.2. My grandfather doesnt know _ to use a computer.3. A: Will you please show me _to drive a car?B: Yes, of course. Now let me tell you _ to do first.4. I will tell Lucy _ and _ to meet.注意点：1. 适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括：“ask, explain, forget, know, remember, tell, decide, find out, hear, learn, see, understand, consider, discover, guess, think, wonder,”等。We must know what to say at a meeting. He could not tell whom to trust.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders that I cant decide which to buy. 2. 这结构可与宾语从句互换，例如：I could not decide which dictionary to buy. = I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher.=Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.I dont know where to go now.=I dont know where I should go now.随堂练习:把下列句子改成简单句 1) The old lady found out where she could buy cheaper fruits.The old lady found out _ _ _ cheaper fruits.2) Will you show us how we can make a model plane?Will you show us _ _ _ a model plane?3) She hasnt told me what I should do and what I should not do.She hasnt told me _ _ _ and what _ _ _.4) Have you decided which dress you will take?Have you decided _ dress _ _ ?3. 有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词”结构。例如：Please show us how to do that. 请给我们演示如何去做。He taught us how to use a computer. 他教我们如何使用计算机。精选试题:1. Theres no difference between the two words. I really dont know_. (2003年河南)A. what to chooseB. which to choose C. to choose which D. to choose what2. The students of Class One will spend their winter holiday in Shenzhen, but the students of Class Two havent decided_. (2003年广东省)A. what to buy B. how to go C. where to go D. which to choose3._the computer is a problem.A. How to use B. What to useC. Which to useD. Where to use4.The Frenchman didnt know _this word in Chinese.A. how to tellB. how to speakC. how to say D. how to talk（三）Sentence types 句子的四种类型Statements Questions Imperatives ExclamationsNo.1 Statements: To give informationPositive statements:He is a boy.The girls are reading. We like English.They saw a film yesterday.Tom will help us.They have been there.He can speak Chinese.Negative statements:He isnt a boy.The girls arent reading. We dont like English.They didnt see a film yesterday.Tom wont help us.They havent been there.He cant speak Chinese.No.2 Questions: To ask for information or request things一般疑问句 (General questions) Is Simon playing football? Does he like apple?Did you call me last night?Are they waiting for me?Can/May/Must/Should特殊疑问句 (Special questions) What is Simon doing?Who is the old man?Why are you late? When did you come back?How do you go to school?Where do you live?How do you know that? 选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）Do you like football or basketball? Do you want tea or coffee?反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）Jim is a boy, isnt he? He doesnt know her, does he?他不认识她，对不对？No.3 Imperatives: To give orders.Positive(Please) come in .Sit down.Go with me.Look at the blackboard.Follow me.Lets sing together.Lets have a big dinner.NegativeDont come in, will you?No.4 Exclamations: To express strong feelings.What+ n.+(主语+谓语动词)!What a nice girl(she is)!What beautiful fields!What clean water!How+ adj. +(主语+谓语动词)!How beautiful (my hometown is)!How clean (the water is)!How big(the room is)!随堂练习:按要求改写下列句子1) The clever boy can speak Japanese well. (改成一般疑问句否定句)_ the clever boy _ Japanese well?The clever boy _ speak Japanese well.2) Max felt stressed and angry last year. (对划线部分提问)_ _ Max feel last year?3) Please turn off the lights. (改成否定句)_ turn off the lights, _.4) We often use yellow stationery when we study for exams.(改成祈使句)_ yellow stationery when we study for exams.5) The room looks very peaceful. (改成感叹句) _ _the room looks!6) All of boys had a nice time last night. (改成感叹句) _ _ _ _ all of boys had last night!【模拟试题】（答题时间：20分钟）一、单项选择1. I _ much time _ my homework yesterday.A. took; to doB. cost; doingC. spents; to doD. spent; doing2. I hope _ soon.A. to hear a letter of you B. to hear from youC. to hear a letter from you D. to hear from you letter3. In the country we can hear the birds_ all the time.A. to sing B. singing C. singsD. sang4. The teacher asked Mr. Smith _ for a moment.A. holding on B. holds on C. held on D. to hold on5. Sue finds_ difficult to play basketball.A. thatB. thisC. itD. its二、完成下列句子。1. Simon doesnt know _(做什么).2. Sandy wants to know _ (到哪儿寻求建议).3. Millie doesnt know _( 怎样解决)her problem.4. Simon just forgot _ （什么时间接）his friends.5. You should decide _(做哪个) first.6. Paul knows _(跟谁谈)for help.7. She knew _(给谁)this to.8. I cant decide _ (是否踢足球) or do homework.三、用所给动词的适当形式填空：1.The house is not big enough_ (live ) in.2.It is hot .Lets _ in the river. ( swim )3.I saw a car _ across the bridge just now. ( go)4. Id like you _ my parents soon. (meet )5 It important _ English well. ( learn )6. Do you enjoy _ story books? ( read )7. Youd better _ at home. (stay )8.The teacher told the student _ that any more .( not ,do )四、汉译英:1. 他们只是需要学会如何在工作和玩之间取得平衡。They just need _ .2. 今天似乎比昨天冷多了。The weather _ .3. 我不想和那些取笑别人的学生交朋友。I dont want_ the students_.4. 他太骄傲了而不能在上次的考试中取得好成绩。He was _.5. 谢谢你帮我在网上找到这些消息。Thank you_.6. 我不知道如何处置这条死狗。 I dont know _ 7. 很多青少年承受着压力的痛苦。Many teenagers_ 8. 你应该不去在意那些使你不开心的事。You should the things _you unhappy.9. 妈妈叫我不要在外呆太长时间。Mum tell me 10. 不要把烦恼闷在心里，这对你的健康不利。_ . for your health. 【试题答案】一、单项选择DBBDC二、完成下列句子。1. what to do2. where to ask for advice3. how to solve4. when to meet5. which to do6. who to talk to7. who to give8. whether to play football三、用所给动词的适当形式填空：1. to live 2. swim 3. go 4. to meet 5. to learn 6. reading7. stay 8. not to do 四、汉译英:1. to learn how to achieve a balance between work and play 2. seems to be much colder today than yesterday3. to make friends with; who laugh at others4. too proud to get good marks in the last exam5. for helping me find the information on the Internet6. how to deal with this dead dog7. suffer from stress8. pay no attention to; that make 9. not to stay out late10. Dont keep your worries to yourself; Its bad
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