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八年级下新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇 Unit 1 Will people have robots?1. fewer people更少的人（修饰名词复数，表示否定）few的比较级2. less free time更少的空闲时间（修饰不可数名词，表示否定）little的比较级3. more 更多的， many和much的比较级 ， 修饰可数/不可数名词4. in ten years 10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）= ten years from now 10年后5. fall in love with（fall过去式fell）爱上 6. live alone单独居住 feel lonely感到孤独7. The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt feel lonely那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独 over and over again 一次又一次 8. keep a pet dog养一头宠物猪 fly to 乘坐飞往9. hundreds of +复数 数百/几百（概数，类似还有thousands of; millions of） 表示具体几百，hundred用单数 six hundred students 10. the same as和相同 A be different from B A与B不同11. wake up醒来（wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人” 12. get bored变得厌倦（get/become后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等） 13. go skating去滑冰（类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等） 14. lots of/a lot of许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）15. study at home on computers在家通过电脑学习 16. agree with sb.同意某人(的意见) I dont agree. = I disagree.我不同意17. on a piece of paper在一张纸上advice/paper/information/news/work/homework/housework常考不可数名词）18. on vacation度假 help sb with sth/help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事19. live in an apartment住在公寓里 live on a space station 住在空间站20. as a reporter作为一名记者 except =but（除之外，不包括）21. be able to与can 能够、会（be able to用于各种时态，而can不能用于将来时态中 如：I will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用can） 22. be in college 在上大学 in the future在将来/在未来23. dress casually 穿得很随意 come true 变成现实23. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 see sb doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事24. try to do sth. 尽力做某事 make sb do sth 使某人做某事25. look for寻找 be used by 被用 some.others. 一些另一些26. live to be +岁数 活到岁 one day 有朝一日24. 本单元目标句型： 1. What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.l fewer； less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词；more二者都可以修饰。3. Will kids go to school? No, they wont/Yes, they will.4. Predicting the future can be difficult. 动词ing形式做主语本单元语法讲解 （一）一般将来时1、 概念：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如:tomorrow, next week, in the future, in+时间段，.from now等。2、 构成：助动词will+动词原形Lily will go to the zoo tomorrow.莉莉明天将去动物园。3、 否定形式：will后面加 not, will not =(wont)I wont give tickets to you.我不会把票给你。4、疑问形式：Will 提前. +?Will Lily go to the zoo tomorrow? Yes, she will. / No, she wont.（二）there be 结构的一般将来时，表示将来存在某事或某物。1. 肯定形式：There will be There will be less pollution.2. 否定形式：will后加not, There wont be3. 疑问形式：will提前 Will there be？ Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there wont. 注意：“be going to + 动词原形”也可表示将要发生的动作和安排，意为“将要发生”be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思Unit 2 What should I do?1. too loud太大声 out of style过时的 in style 流行的2. call sb up=call sb.给.打电话 You should call him up.代词放中间3. enough money足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)busy enough 够忙 (enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置) 4. a ticket to/for a ball game一张球赛的门票5. talk about 谈论 on the phone用电话6. sb pay for sth付款sb spendon +sth.=spend.( in) doing sth. 在花钱 It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花的时间 7. borrow from从.借( 借进来) lendto 把借给（借出去）8. buy sth for sb为买东西 =buy sb sth9. tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth告诉某人做某事10. want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do想某人做某事11. find out 发现；查清楚；弄明白 12. fail the test=not pass the test考试不及格13. write sb a letter/write a letter to sb. 给某人写信14. surprise sb.使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）15. get/find a part-time job找到一份兼职的工作16. ask sb. for sth寻求/向某人要某物argue with sb 与某人争吵 17. have a fight with sb.=fight with与某人打架 18. return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb.把某物归还给某人19. get on /along well with与相处很好 all kinds of 各种各样20. as much as possible 尽可能多 fitinto找到时间（做某事）21. take part in=join in参加（某种活动/集会） 22. be angry with 生的气 by oneself某人自己/独自地23. on the one hand一方面 on the other hand 另一方面24. I find it difficult to do.我发现/感到/认为做某事很难. 25. leave sth+ 地点短语 把某物忘在某处 I left my homework at home26. the same age as=as old as 和- 年龄一样27. complain about (doing sth) 抱怨、28.try to do sth, 尽量干某事 try doing sth 试着干某事 29.comparewith 和-比较 keep out不让进入30.notuntil 直到才He didnt go to bed until his mother came back.31. 表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法: be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.）例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news. 本单元目标句型： 1. Whats wrong(with you)?/Whats the matter? Whats the trouble? My clothes are out of style.2. What should I do?我该怎么办 You could write him a letter.你可以 给他写封信 。You should say sorry to him.你应该 给他道歉.3. They shouldnt argue.他们不应该 争吵.本单元语法讲解语法：情态动词should、could的用法 1. Should “应该”，表示劝告建议 2. could“可以，不妨”表谨慎客气的建议3. 情态动词共同特征：情态动词+动词原形，.构成否定：情态动词+not； 构成疑问句： 情态动词提前 +?Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?1. in front of 在的前面（外部） in the front of 在的前面（内部）2. get out of从出去/进入 sleep late睡懒觉，起得晚3. walk down/along沿走 take off(飞机)起飞；脱下（衣帽）4. on Sunday evening在星期日晚上注意:（具体某一天和具体某一天的早中晚用on）5. in the tree（本身以外东西）在树上 on the tree（本身的一部分）在树上6. take photos照相 run away跑开，逃跑 come in进来7. as+adj原形 +as和一样例如：She is (not) as beautiful as her sister. I can run as fast as he(him)8. for example例如 cut hair 理发 jump down 跳下9. take place发生（强调必然性）happen to sth./sb. 发生（强调偶然性） 10. all over the world=around the world遍及全世界11. next to相邻，紧贴 in hospital生病住院 in the hospital在医院12. hear about/of听说（间接听到） in silence沉默不语 13. an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历14. have fun doing sth 干某事有乐趣 have difficult time doing sth干某事有困难15. think about sth/ doing sth 思考/考虑 call the police 报警16. You are kidding.你在开玩笑 shout at 向某人大喊（不礼貌）17. not all 并非所有 18 . follow sb to do sth. 跟随某人做某事19. everyday activity 日常活动 everyday (adj每天的,日常的 every day 每天本单元目标句型:1. What were you doing when the UFO landed? I was shopping. 2. I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me.While I was walking down the street, a UFO landed right in front of me.3. You can image how strange it was. How+adj/adv+主+谓4. I followed to see where it was going.5. Isnt that amazing! 本单元语法讲解一 .过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense） 1. 用法例句过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作I was taking a bath at 10:00 yesterday evening.They were playing when the teacher came in. 肯定句：主+was/were+doing 否定句：主+was/were+not+doing (was/were后加not)2.句型结构 一般疑问句Was/Were+主+ doing？ (was/were提前+？) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+Was/Were+主+ doing？4. 常用时间状语：this morning, at 9:00 yesterday, from 5 to 10, when/while+句子, at that time,二， when , while “当.时”，都可防句首和句尾， 放句首时用逗号与后面句子隔开。when+一般过去时从句， while+进行时从句_ I was walking to school ,I saw a cat in a tree. I was walking to school _I saw a cat in a tree.Unit 4 He said I was hard-working1. first of all首先 be mad at sb =be angry with生某人的气2. bothand两者都 most of绝大多数3. pass on (to)传递 report card 成绩单4. be supposed to do sth. 被期望或被要求做. .5. do well in =be good at sth /doing sth 擅长do better in=be better at sth/doing sth在.方面做得更好6. be in good health 身体健康=keep/stay healthy7. sound / look 是连系动词，一般后接形容词sound like/look like听起来像/看起来像8. get over克服；恢复；原谅 be get nervous 感到紧张 9. care for 照料=look after=take care of10. open up 打开 open up ones eyes 拓展眼界11. not-anymore 不再 she wasnt mad at me anymore.12. be surprised to do sth 做某事感到惊讶、13. have a surprise party for sb 为某人举行一个惊喜晚会 14. in danger 处于危险之中 betweenand. 在和之间15. fortunately, luckily幸运地 much +比较级，意思是“得多” 本单元目标句型： 1. What did your teacher say? He said I could do better.2. 情况怎样？ Hows it going? 3. Im sorry to hear that (+句子)本单元语法讲解 直接引语和间接引语一 概念直接引语：直接引述别人的话，一般前后要加引号。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多为含有宾语从句的复合句。二 直接引语与间接引语的转变1. 直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，由连词that 引导,that可以省略； 人称变化: 第一人称变为和主句主语一致；第二人称分情况；第三人称不变时态变化: （表示客观真理时时态不变）直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时 will+动原过去将来时 would+动原He said,“I like it very much”. He said he liked it very much.He said,“Im using the knife.” He said that he was using the knife.She said,“I will do it after class. She said she that she would do it after class.2. 直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，said改为asked; 由连词whether或if 引导; 人称，时态变化（参见前面的变化规则），语序变化（变为陈述句语序，即主语在前谓语动词在后）He asked me，“Are you free tomorrow?” He asked me if I was free the next day.He said,“ Do you need a book?” He asked if I needed a book.3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，said改为asked; 由问句原疑问词引导； 人称，时态变化（参见前面的变化规则），语序变化（变为陈述句语序，即主语在前谓语动词在后）Jenny asked me，“ Where is Mary from?”Jenny asked me where Mary was from. “What do you think of the film?” She asked. She asked what she thought of the film.注意：时间/地点状语，指示代词的转换 参见书本P100，祈使句的转换参见P101Unit 5 If you go to the party, youll have a great time!1. at the party在晚会上 stay at home呆在家2. ask sb to do sth请某人做某事 half the class/students一半学生3. get injured受伤 take away 拿走，取走 4. have a great time =have a wonderfulgood time玩得高兴5. all the time=always一直，始终 be late迟到6. make a living (by doing sth) 谋生7. go to college 上大学 in fact事实上8. make money =earn money挣钱9. too much太多(修饰不可数名词)too many太多(修饰可数名词复数)much too+形容词/副词 太10. get exercise 锻炼 get an education 得到教育11. travel around the world周游世界 work hard 努力工作12. let . in允许进入 study for the test 准备考试13. join the Lions 加入狮队14. give money to schools and charities 给学校和慈善组织捐钱 15. in order to do sth为了做某事 laugh at sb 嘲笑16. be famous for 因而著称 be famous as 作为而出名17. have a difficult time (in) doing sth做某事有困难 18. 到达 reach+sp, get to+ sp, arrive in/at +sp 特列reach/get/arrive home 本单元目标句型： 1. If you do, youll2. Im going to 如果李老师去参加晚会，我们将会玩得非常高兴。 If Ms Li goes to the party, well have a great time.如果你穿牛仔裤去晚会，李老师将不会让你进入。If you wear jeans to the party, Ms Li wont let you in.For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job. 动词ing形式做主语7.If you become a professional athlete, you will be able to make a living doing something you love.本单元语法讲解If 引导的条件状语从句： If是连词，所连接的句子 叫条件状语从句，表示假设或条件，意思是 “ 如果”1、用法：当主句为一般将来时或主语中含有must,may,can等情态动词或主语为祈使句时，if从句都用一般现在时(表示将来)。2. 构成： if 从句 + , + 主句 If you ask him, he will help you. 主句 + if从句 He will help you if you ask him.We will go to the zoo if it doesnt rain tomorrow.（主句为一般将来时）明天如果不下雨我们就去动物园。You must stop if the traffic light is red. （主句含有情态动词must）如果红灯亮了，你必须停下来。If he comes, please let me know. （主句为祈使句）=Please let me know if he comes.如果他来了，请告诉我一声。注意：条件状语从句引导词除了if还有 unless（除非）， as/so long as(只要),on condition that(条件是)等。He will have a birthday party if he _(get)good grades.You can buy a new dress if yours _ (be) old.Close the window if you _(feel) cold.如果感觉冷了就关上窗户
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