Lecture2-Diction谴词用字.ppt

LectureThree Diction谴词用字 I Maincontentsofthislecture DefinitionCorrespondenceBetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevelSomeTechniquesEmployedinTranslatingaGivenEnglishWord Definition By diction wemeantheproperchoiceofwordsandphrasesintranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal Inthepracticeoftranslation whatperplexesusmostfrequentlyishowtofindanequivalentintheTL Greatcareiscalledforinthetranslationof familiar EnglishwordsintoChinese astheirmeaningsvarywithchangeincollocationorcontext TheTrojanhorse特洛伊木马 hiddenenemy dangerAchillesheel阿喀琉斯的脚后跟 fatalweaknessBurntheboat破釜沉舟Sixofoneandhalfadozenoftheother半斤八两 彼此彼此Oneboyisaboy twoboyshalfaboy threeboysnoboy 一贫如洗Aspoorasachurchmouse淋得像落汤鸡Aswetasadrownedrat猫哭老鼠Thecatweepsoverthemouse Toshedcrocodiletears Example Tensionisbuildingup Withoutcontext both tension and buildingup mayhavevariousexplanations ThustheEnglishsentencemaybetranslatedintodifferentChineseexpressionsaccordingly 形势紧张起来 张力在增大 电压在增加 压力在增强 Taketheword story foranotherexample Justasanotedlinguisthasobserved themeaningofawordisitsuseinthelanguage andeachword whenusedinanewcontext isanewword 1 Thiswarisbecomingthemostimportantstoryofthisgeneration 2 Itisquiteanotherstorynow 3 Somereporterswhowerenotincludedinthesessionbrokethestory 4 He llbehappyifthestoryholdsup 5 ThestoryabouthimbecamesmallerandbyandbyfadedoutfromAmericanTV Bethecase betrue Thesesentencescanbetranslatedinto 1 这场战争将成为这一代人最重大的事件 event 2现在的情况完全不同了 situation 3 有些没让参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了 insideinformation 4 如果这一说法当真 那他就太高兴了 statement 5 报道中对他的渲染减少了 不久就从美国电视上销声匿迹了 report CorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevel Generallyspeaking thecorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatwordlevelmaybecategorizedasfollows 1 Word for wordCorrespondence ProperNounsandtechnicaltermsMarxism 马克思主义Aspirin 阿司匹林激光 laser白血病 leukemiaGuitar吉他 coffee咖啡Miami迈阿密 NY纽约 TheQomolangma珠穆朗玛峰 2 OneWordwithMultipleEquivalentsofthesamemeaning wife 妻子 爱人 夫人 老婆 老伴 媳妇 堂客 内人potato 马铃薯 洋芋 土豆 山药蛋人 humanbeing man people person犬 dog hound spaniel setter 3 OneWordwithSeveralEquivalentsofDifferentmeaning cousin 堂兄 堂弟 堂姐 堂妹 表哥 表弟 表姐 表妹president 总统 总裁 主席 董事长 议长 会长 社长 校长carry 搬 运 送 提 拎 担 抬 背 扛 搂 抱 端 举 捧走 walk saunter amble stride trudge tiptoe shamble clump prance机 machine engine plane aircraft羊 sheep goat ram ewe lamb 4 EquivalentsInterwovenwithOneAnother e g say speak talk tell说 讲 谈 诉 5 WordsWithoutEquivalents teenager 13 19岁的青少年clock watcher 老是看钟等下班的人阴 inChinesethoughts thesoftinactivefemaleprincipleorforceintheworld 阳 inChinesethoughts thestrongactivemaleprincipleorforceintheworld武术 martialartswushu太极 shadowboxingTaichi Taiji豆腐 beancurdtofu SomeTechniquesEmployedinTranslatingaGivenEnglishWord InhisStylisticsandTranslation Mr LiuMiqing 刘宓庆 hassuggested8techniquesintranslatingagivenEnglishword 1 Deduction 推演法 DeductionistodeducetheoriginalmeaninginthelightoftheexplanationofanEnglishdictionary Stopout AmE astudentwhointerruptshiseducationtopursuesomeotheractivityforabriefperiod辍学学生community asocialgrouporclasshavingcommoninterests派 界 界人士Press 教育界 educationalcircleWorld circle 体坛 sportsarena 2 Transplant aliteraltranslationofthepartsofagivenEnglishword 移植法 microwave微波supermarket超市superman超人Brunch breakfast lunchMotel motor hotelSmog smoke fogTX LOL laughoutloud 3 Extension 引申法 Thiscanbeeitherfromspecifictogeneralorfromconcretetoabstract andviceversa bottleneck瓶颈 障碍 fromconcretetoabstract braintrust脑托拉斯 智囊团 fromspecifictogeneral braindrain脑排干 人才流失 fromconcretetoabstract Itismorethantransienteverydayness这远非一时的柴米油盐问题 fromabstracttoconcrete Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns 人生总是甘苦参半 每个人的生活都有苦有甜 4 Substitution 替换法 ItistoreplacethewordsoftheoriginalexpressionwithChinesesynonymsoridiomsaccordingtodifferentsituation tokillsb asanexample杀一儆百 或 杀鸡给猴看 Greatmindsthinkalike Likeknowslike 英雄识英雄 Likebegetslike Likefather likeson 5 Explanation 释义法 swansong绝唱 辞世之作 归天之作athrowawaysociety一个大手大脚 浪费成风的社会Ahit and runaccident逃逸事件Ahide and seekgame捉迷藏诸葛亮 1 ZhugeLiangthemastermind2 theSolomoninChina 6 Combination 合并法 agrimandtragicChristmas一个惨淡的圣诞节thebodyandmindcrampedbynoxiouswork有害工作造成的上身心困顿Sheshookandtrembledwithfear Theyareincompleteaccord 7 Pictographic 图形法 H beam工字梁O ring环形圈X brace交叉支撑 8 Transliteration 音译法 WallStreet华尔街TheTimes泰晤士报Pentium奔腾clone克隆Internet因特网hacker黑客Stradford upon AvonEiffelTower 1 几乎所用的人名 Lincoln林肯Churchill丘吉尔Haughton霍顿Shakespeare莎士比亚Rambo兰博曹雪芹CaoXueqin鲁迅LuXun钱钟书QianZhongshu 2 大多数地名 Australia澳大利亚NewYork纽约Atlanta亚特兰大Miami迈阿密泰安Tai an山东Shandong董家庄DongjiaVillage 3 港澳台地区与大陆对国外人名地名翻译区别 Reagan雷根 里根Kennedy甘乃迪 肯尼迪Bush布席 布什 布希Sydney雪梨 悉尼NewZealand纽西兰 新西兰Hollywood荷里活 好莱坞 4 译入语原来没有的事物 包括科技新词 某些商标与文化词等 Dink丁克Yappy雅皮士Hippy嬉皮士Sauna桑拿Shock therapy 休克疗法金华 火腿 JINHUA麻将mahjong磕头kowtow茅台Moutai阴阳yinyang饺子jiaozi 5 人的本名译音 外号译意IronLady铁娘子Mrs ThatcherTheDevil魔鬼撒旦SatanCinderella灰姑娘SnowWhite白雪公主芦柴棒Spindle Shanks赤发鬼刘唐LiuTangtheRed hairedghost智多星吴用WuYongtheBraintruster黑旋风李逵LiKuitheBlackWhirlwind 6 表示地理类别的普通名词的地名 其中普通地名译意 LouisianaStateUniversityTheGulfofMexicoTheStraitofGibraltar直布罗陀海峡ThePhilippineIslandsTheSuezCana l浙江省ZhejiangProvince县county乡township镇town村 屯 village 7 某些商标的翻译半译音半译意 GoldlionGiantPepsiColaPolaroidNikeJell OTrulyHolstenFieytaLactovColgateBisquitCanon乐凯LuckySafeguardPaloma乔士 衬衫 Choose四通 电脑 Stone 8 音译词后加一个表示类属的范畴词 Sardine沙丁鱼Pizza比萨饼Waltz华尔兹舞Champagne香槟酒Jacket夹克衫Bowling保龄球Shark鲨鱼云吞Wontonsoap花雕Huadiaowine 9 约定俗成 BernardShaw肖伯纳Cambridge剑桥Shelley雪莱BenjaminBroomhall海文启香港HongKong孙中山SunYat sen孙逸仙毛泽东MaoZedong MaoTsetung蒋介石ChiangKaiShek Heavy weather crops fog traffic soil sky storm ice road fire heart food sea hand bread applause look tongue money drinking fighting market sound news scene 恶劣的天气 大丰收 浓雾 拥挤的交通 难耕的土地阴沉的天空 大风暴 厚冰 泥滑难走的路 猛烈的炮火沉重的心情 难消化的食物 汹涌的大海 严厉的手段 不好的面包热烈的鼓掌 忧愁的面容 笨嘴笨舌大笔的钱 狂饮猛烈的进攻 萧条的市场 低沉的声音 令人忧愁的消息 尴尬的场面 酒 葡萄 白 烈 啤 香槟 鸡尾 白兰地 威士忌 杜松子 wine alcohol spirits beer champagne cock tail brandy whisky gin Exercise Severe looks test heating contamination training winter reasoning wound competition style brake sentence 严肃的神情 严峻的考验 急剧加热 严重污染 严格的训练严冬 严谨的推理 重伤 激烈的竞争 淳朴的文本急刹车 重刑判决 馆 博物 图书 旅 大使 领事 茶 饭 体育 展览 美术 科技 天文 照相 museum library hotel embassy consulate teahouse restaurant gymnasium exhibitionhall artgallery scienceandtechnologycenter planetarium photostudio Exercise 1 Afieldofwaterbetraysthespiritthatisintheair Ithasnewlifeandmotion Itisintermediatebetweenlandandsky 2 Onland onlythegrassandtreeswave butthewateritselfisrippledbythewind Iseethebreezedashoveritinstreaksandflakesoflight 3 柔软的柳丝低垂在静谧的小河边上 河边的顽童 破坏了小河的安静 References 1 池水映出了空中的精魂 其中有生 其中有动 天覆之 地载之 2 地不动 只是草在动 树在动 而水却因风而波 我看见 微风过处 水面生纹 闪起粼粼的光 3 Willowtendrilshunglowoverthebanksofthestream whereonlytheshoutsofchildrenbrokethestillness