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2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 （北京卷）英 语第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5 小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What did the man win in his dream?A. A holiday.B. A new car.C. Some money.2. Will the woman come to the party? A. Maybe. B. No C. Certainly3. How long has the woman been an author? A. About 30 years. B. About 40 years. C. About 70 years.4. What does the woman want? A. A radio. B. Some pens. C. Some batteries.5. What is the woman doing? A. Asking for information. B. Asking for an apology. C. Asking for help.第二节（共15 小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前后，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。6. How many coats does the woman want? A. 25. B. 30. C. 50.7. What is the order number for gloves? A. P25G5. B. P26T5. C. P28D5.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. Which city has the woman visited recently? A. New York. B. London. C. Paris.9. What does the woman like about the city? A. City life. B. Weather. C. Environment.听第8段材料，回答第10至11。10. When will it rain? A. In the morning.B. In the afternoon.C. At night.11. What will cause delays for traffic coming into town? A. Rain. B. A fog. C. Bridge repairs.听第9段材料，回答第12至14题。12. Why did the woman go to the bank? A. To buy a new house. B. To meet the manager. C. To make an appointment.13. What happened in the parking lot? A. The woman quarreled with a stranger. B. The woman failed to get her car parked in time. C. The woman backed her car into the wrong place.14. What did the woman think of the man when she first saw him? A. Selfish. B. Clever. C. Respectful.听第10段材料，回答第15至17题。15. How does the woman think about her work? A. It is very good. B. It is hard to say now. C. It keeps her very busy.16. Where does the woman live now? A. In her workplace. B. In the city center. C. In a big apartment.17. What are the two speakers talking about? A. The womans life in a new city. B. The womans travel experience. C. The womans co-workers.听第11段材料，回答第18至20题。18. What is the womans view on smell? A. It is personal. B. It is concrete. C. It is strange.19. What is special about smells? A. They are as pleasant as music. B. They can last about thirty days. C. They make things more memorable.20. What is the womans most favorite smell? A. Smell of the sea. B. Smell of her garden. C. Smell of aircraft fuel.第二部分：知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。21. John promised his doctor he _ not smoke, and he has smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would.22. Have you read book called Waiting for Anya? Who _ it? A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had written23. Did you return Freds call? I didnt need to _ Ill see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because24. _ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen25. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neither C. both D. each26. After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _. A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired27. The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I _ in many worse hotels. A .was staying B, stayed C. would stay D. had stayed28. Ill give you y friends home address, I can be reached most evenings. A. which B. when C. whom D. where29. No decision about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made30. The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who31. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book.A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding32. I feel greatly honored _ into their society.A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed33. If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door.A. for B. by C. across D. out34. Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian get back.A. before B. since C. till D. after35. It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and _ better ones of your own.A. introduces B. to introduceC. introducing D. introduced第二节 完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，共30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship. Having been a Straight-A student, I believed I could _36_ tough subjects and really learn something. One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne. I was extremely interested in the ideas he 37 in class.When I took the first exam, I was 38 to find a 77, C-plus, on my test paper, 39 English was my best subject. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained_ 40 .I decided to try harder, although I didnt know what that 41 because school had always been easy for me. I read the books more carefully, but got another 77. Again, I 42 with Professor Jayne. Again, he listened patiently but wouldnt change his 43 .One more test before the final exam. One more 44 to improve my grade. So I redoubled my efforts and, for the first time. 45 The meaning of the word “thorough”. But my 46_ did no good and everything 47 as before.The last hurdle(障碍) was the final. No matter what 48 I got, it wouldnt cancel three C-pluses. I might as well kiss the 49 goodbye.I stopped working head. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final, I even 50 myself to a movie. The next day I decided for once Id have 51_with a test.A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A. I hurried into professor Jaynes office. He 52_ to be expecting me. “If I gave you the As you 53 , you wouldnt continue to work as hard.”I stared at him. 54 That his analysis and strategy(策略) were correct. I had worked my head 55 , as I had never done before.I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A-plus. It was the only A-plus given. The next year I received my scholarship. Ive always remembered Professor Jaynes lesson: you alone must set your own standard of excellence.36. A. take B. discuss C. cover D. get37. A. sought B. presented C. exchanged D. obtained38. A. shocked B. worried C. scared D. anxious39. A. but B. so C. for D. or40. A. unchanged B. unpleasant C. unfriendly D. unmoved41. A. reflected B. meant C. improved D. affected42. A. quarreled B. reasoned C. bargained D. chatted43. A. attitude B. mind C. plan D. view44. A. choice B. step C. chance D. measure45. A. memorized B. considered C. accepted D. learned46. A. ambition B. confidence C. effort D. method47. A. stayed B. went C. worked D. changed48. A. grade B. answer C. lesson D. comment49. A. scholarship B. course C. degree D. subject50. A. helped B. favored C. treated D. relaxed51. A. fun B. luck C. problems D. tricks.52. A. happened B. proved C. pretended D. seemed53. A. valued B. imagined C. expected D. welcomed54. A. remembering B. guessing C. supposing D. realizing55. A. out B. over C. on D. off第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATwenty years ago, I drove a taxi for a living. One night I went to pick up a passenger at 2:30 AM. When I arrived to collect, I found the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor window.I walked to the door and knocked, “Just a minute,” answered a weak, elderly voice. After a long pause, the door opened. A small woman in her eighties stood before me. By her side was a small suitcase.I took the suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman. She took my arm and we walked slowly toward the car.She kept thanking me for my kindness. “Its nothing,” I told her. “I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.”“Oh, youre such a good man.” She said. When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address, and then asked, “Could you drive through downtown?”“Its not the shortest way,” I answered quickly.“Oh, Im in no hurry,” she said. “Im on my way to a hospice(临终医院). I dont have any family left. The doctor says I dont have very long.”I quietly reached over and shut off the meter(计价器).For the next two hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the building where she had once worked, the neighborhood where she had lived, and the furniture shop that had once been a ballroom where she had gone dancing as a girl.Sometimes shed ask me to slow down in front of a particular building and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing.At dawn, she suddenly said,” Im tired. Lets go now.”We drove in silence to the address she had given me.“How much do I owe you?” she asked.“Nothing.” I said.“You have to make a living,” she answered. “Oh, there are other passengers,” I answered.Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug. She held onto e tightly. Our hug ended with her remark, “You gave an old woman a little moment of joy.”56. The old woman chose to ride through the city in order to _.A. show she was familiar with the cityB. see some places for the last timeC. let the driver earn more moneyD. reach the destination on time57. The taxi driver did not charge the old woman because he _.A. wanted to do her a favorB. shut off the meter by mistakeC. had received her payment in advanceD. was in a hurry to take other passengers58. What can we learn from the story?A. Giving is always a pleasure.B. People should respect each other.C. An act of kindness can bring people great joy.D. People should learn to appreciate others concern.BDomestic (驯养的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses werent tame (驯服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today.Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication.As people began to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics. For example, people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily. People who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals. Characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals genes. So as the domesticated horses reproduced, they passed the characteristics on to their young. Each new generation of houses would show more of these chosen characteristics.Modern day horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This variety didnt exist in the horse population before domestication. The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breedstypically reaching only one meter tall. With short, strong legs, the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts (矿井) with low ceilings. Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700. People bred these heavy, tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads.The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horse were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.59. Before domestication horses were _.A. caught for sports B. hunted for foodC. made to pull ploughsD. used to carry people60. The author uses the Shetland horse as an example to show _.A. it is smaller than the Clydesdale horseB. horse used to have gentle personalitiesC. some horses have better shaped than others D. horses were of less variety before domestication61. Horses contributed to the spread of culture by _.A. carrying heavy loadsB. changing farming methodsC. serving as a means of transportD. advancing agriculture in different areas62. The passage is mainly about _.A. why humans domesticated horsesB. how humans and horses needed each otherC. why horses came in different shapes and sizesD. how human societies and horses influenced each otherCDear Hamilton, We are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well. You are one of the people who keep the social temperature at such a comfortable setting. I dont know anyone in the office who is better liked than you. You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts. Its not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable (and poor), but the collected-for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who dont know them outside the office, who wouldnt even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives. This is basically a kind gesture (and one that people think well of you for), but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in todays office setting. Thank you for understanding.63. The underlined word “contributions” probably means _.A. money B. suggestions C. reports D. understanding64. Hamilton is expected to _.A. show more kindness.B. discontinue the present practiceC. quit being the organizer for gift givingD. know more about co-workers families65. This is basically a letter of _.A. apology B. sympathy C. appreciation D. dissatisfactionD When it comes to friends, I desire those who will share my happiness, who possess wings of their own and who will fly with me. I seek friends whose qualities illuminate（照亮）me and train me up for love. It is for these people that I reserve the glowing hours, too good not to share. When I was in the eighth grade, I had a friend. We were shy and “too serious” about our studies when it was becoming fashionable with our classmates to learn acceptable social behaviors. We said little at school, but she would come to my house and we would sit down with pencils and paper, and one of us would say:“ Lets start with a train whistle today.” We would sit quietly together and write separate poems or stories that grew out of a train whistle. Then we would read them aloud. At the end of that school year, we, too, were changing into social creatures and the stories and poems stopped. When I lived for a time in London, I had a friend, He was in despair(失望)and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. We walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other. For almost four years I have had remarkable friend whose imagination illuminates mine. We write long letters in which we often discover our strangest selves. Each of us appears, sometimes in a funny way, in the others dreams. She and I agree that, at certain times, we seem to be parts of the same mind. In my most interesting moments, I often think:“ Yes, I must tell.”We have never met. It is such comforting companions I wish to keep. One bright hour with their kind is worth more to me than the lifetime services of a psychologist（心理学家），who will only fill up the healing（愈合的）silence necessary to those darkest moments in which I would rather be my own best friend.66. In the eighth grade, what the author did before developing proper social behavior was to _.A. become serious about her studyB. go to her friends house regularlyC. learn from her classmates at schoolD. share poems and stories with her friend67. In Paragraph 3, “We gave London to each other” probably means _.A. our exploration of London was a memorable gift to both of usB. we were unwilling to tear ourselves away from LondonC. our unpleasant feeling about London disappearedD. we parted with each other in London68. According to Paragraph 4, the author and her friend _.A. call each other regularlyB. have similar personalitiesC. enjoy writing to each otherD. dream of meeting each other69. In the darkest moments, the author would prefer to _.A. seek professional helpB. be left aloneC. stay with her best friendD. break the silence70. What is the best title for the passage?A. Unforgettable ExperiencesB. Remarkable ImaginationC. Lifelong FriendshipD. Noble CompanionsEThe Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically（身体上）. Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels. On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we dont have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle. The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods an
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