高一英语Earthquakes词汇与写作训练.doc

第八讲Earthquakes（词汇与写作训练）适用学科高中英语适用年级高中一年级适用区域人教新课标版课时时长（分钟）90知识点1.动词辨析；2.动词词组辨析；3.以burst为中心的词组；4.意义一致；5.应用文写作。教学目标1. 掌握本单元的重点词组与单词的用法；2. 能够把本单元所学的单词，短语，句子运用到作文当中。教学重点重点词汇及常用短语的用法教学难点1. 能够灵活运用所学。 2. 掌握常用的与地震有关的单词，短语，句式。复习预习1. 现在进行时表示将来主要用于表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作或事件，常表示最近或较近的将来，有“意图”、“安排”或“打算”，给人期待感，多是转移动词，如：come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。2. 进行时表将来还可以用于一些非位移动词，如do, buy, meeting, having, play, spend等，此时句中一般要有表示将来的时间状语。3. 表示说话的时刻或现阶段正在进行的动作4. 现在进行时有时可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，通常与 always， forever， constantly等副词连用。5. 一般将来时的几种表达：（1）will/ shall do表示单纯的将来，预见未来要发生的事情。（2）be going to指现在的打算、意图，表示最近的计划和安排。（3）be doing与表示将来的时间连用，表示不久的将来预计要发生的事或动作。（4）be to do 表示按预定计划或安排要发生的事情；be to do还可以表示“注定”(常用于过去时描述过去的事实)、“可能性”、“义务”等。（5）一般现在时表示将来。（6）be about to do 刚要，正要，表示非常近的将来知识讲解知识点1Imagine your home began to shake and you must leave it right away. 想像一下你家开始晃动而且你必须马上离开。例句体会I want it typed right away, please. 请立刻把它打印出来。You must go to work right away. 你必须马上去上班。自我探究right away 意思为_归纳拓展表示“立刻，马上”的短语还有：right away; without delay; right now; immediately; at once 等，它们都是副词性质。immediately还可以作连词，意思为： 一.(就.)，相当于as soon as / the moment 。如：Return immediately you are done.事情一做完就回来。知识点2In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。例句体会We all thought his heart would burst with happiness.我们都认为他心中的快乐快要爆发出来了。He couldnt help bursting into tears when he heard the bad news.当他听到这个坏消息时情不自禁泪流满面。自我探究burst vt.& vi._归纳拓展burst into tears/ laughter=burst out crying/laughing 突然哭起来/笑起来burst in/into闯入，突然破门而入burst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支知识点3It seemed as if the world was at an end. 好像世界末日要到了。例句体会It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨。She looks as if she were ten years younger.她看起来好像年轻了十岁。自我探究as if = as though 好像，似乎如果as if 从句表示的事情可能是真实的，通常使用陈述语气；如果as if 从句表示的内容与事实相反或是一种假想，通常使用虚拟语气。归纳拓展1. as if 在look, seem等系动词后引导表语从句。2. 引导方式状语从句。如：The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up.那孩子跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。3. as if 用于省略句中：如果as if 引导的从句是主语+系动词结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。例如：He acts as if (he was / were) a fool.他做事像个傻子。Tom raised his hand as if (he was /were going) to say something.汤姆举起手好像要说什么。4. as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。当说话者认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时,从句用虚拟语气，例如：He talks as if he knew where she was.他说话的样子,好像他知道她在哪里似的。The girl listened as if she had been turned into a stone.那女孩倾听着,像已经变成了石头似的。使用虚拟语气时，基本结构为：主句+as if (though)+主语+ were/过去时表示与主句动作同时发生主句+as if (though)+主语+ could/would +原形表示动作可能在将来发生主句+as if (though)+主语+ had+过去分词表示从句谓语的动作发生在主句动作之前知识点4It seemed as if the world was at an end. 好像世界末日要到了。例句体会Everything between them was at an end. 他们之间的一切都已结束。I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end. 我必须警告你，我已忍无可忍了。自我探究be at an end 结束，终结。归纳拓展at the end of表示在的尽头、在的末稍” by the end of表示到末为止、在结束时,后面接指时间或事的名词,构成介词短语,作时间状语。in the end表示最后、终于,是介词短语,作状语end in表示结果是、以结尾end up with表示以结束、与断绝关系。come to the end结束，告终put an end to sth.结束某事，终止某事；消灭某事知识点5In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就沉没在一片废墟之中。例句体会An earthquake left the whole town in ruins. 那次地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。自我探究ruinn毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；(不可数名词)废墟；遗迹(常用复数)vt&vi(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产归纳拓展I. fall into ruin崩塌 come/go to ruin毁灭，崩溃 lie in ruins成为废墟 the ruins of Yuanmingyuan圆明园遗迹bring sb. to ruin使某人破产 ruin ones hopes使某人希望破灭ruin oneself自取灭亡 ruin ones health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉II. 辨析：ruin / destroy / harm / damage 这几个词都有“伤害”的意思，但含义和用法不同：ruin 指毁坏，破灭，瓦解，常常指建筑设施；damage“损失”，主要用于物，表示部分的损失，一般可以修复；destroy“毁灭；消灭”，主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难恢复；harm“伤害；损害”，常用于口语，指“肉体、精神、健康”。知识点6Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 他们中有2/3在地震中伤亡。例句体会Your words may injure her pride. 你的话也许会伤她的自尊。The injured were sent to hospital right away. 伤员被立即送往医院。自我探究injurevt.损害；伤害 the injured 伤员归纳拓展an injured look/ expression 委屈的样子/表情injury n.伤口；伤害 do an injury to sb.伤害某人易混辨析：wound/ injure/ hurt/ harmwound一般指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤，尤指战争、战斗中受伤。injure一般指由于意外或事故造成的损伤，其宾语常为健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。hurt可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害，特指伴有疼痛的肉体上的伤害；作不及物动词时，是“痛”的意思。harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便。知识点7Sand now filled the wells instead of water. 井里满是沙子，而不是水。例句体会The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。自我探究instead of 代替，而不是归纳拓展instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“代替；相反”。instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“代替、而不”。in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of则是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，还有对乙作否定的意思，有时意为“不”。take the place of作谓语，用在名词、代词前。知识点8Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 一些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。例句体会The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake. 营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。自我探究rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救归纳拓展rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把.从营救出来come to/ go to sbs rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队a rescue mission 救援任务 rescue workers 救援人员知识点9Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 一些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。例句体会The thieves were caught in a police trap窃贼落人警方设的陷阱而被捕。The lift broke down and we were trapped inside(it)电梯出了故障，我们被困在里面了。自我探究trap v. 使陷入困境；设陷阱捕 n陷阱；困境；捕捉(动物的)夹子归纳拓展fall into a trap：be caught in a trap掉入陷阱；落入圈套lay/set a trap(for)安装捕捉机；设陷阱，设圈套 trap sb into doing sth诱使某人做某事知识点10Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的演讲。例句体会His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。Judging from his expression，he was satisfied with my work.从他的表情判断，他对我的工作很满意。自我探究judge n. 法官，审判员；鉴赏家 vt. 审理；鉴定；判断；认为 vi.判断；评价归纳拓展I. judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过判断as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为judging by/from从上看；根据判断温馨提示：judging from/by置于句首作状语，v-ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似的用法还有： generally speaking一般来说/ frankly speaking坦白地说/ considering考虑到/ to tell you the truth说实话II. judgment n审判，判决；判断力；意见，看法，评价知识点11The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并掩埋死者。例句体会Their ambitions were finally dead and buried. 他们的雄心壮志最终被埋葬了。She sat there，buried in thought. 她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。自我探究bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入归纳拓展bury.in.把埋到里 be buried alive被活埋be buried in/ bury oneself in/ be absorbed in 埋头于；专心于bury ones face in ones hands双手掩面知识点12Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。例句体会A large number of people have applied for the job.许多人申请了这份工作。A number of students want to go to college when they finish middle school.许多学生中学毕业后想去上大学。自我探究a (great) number of 许多，大量的 （后跟可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数）归纳拓展I. many, a great good many, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, (quite) a few + 可数名词复数much, a great deal of, (quite) a little + 不可数名词plenty of, a lot of, lots of + 可数名词复数不可数名词II. the number of，a number ofa number of.许多；大量的，后接可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。the number of.的数目，后接可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例题精析【例题1】【题干】Three quarters of some childrens spare time wasted watching TVthat can explain why they are lazy.Aare Bis Cbeing D/【例题2】【题干】large number of trees have been stolen from the forest，havent they?Yes.number of them is 26,000.AThe；The BA；The CA；A DThe；/【例题3】【题干】It everyone to hear all of the villagers behind the mountain were killed in the earthquake.Asuffered Bshocked Cpersuaded Ddestroyed【例题4】【题干】“If you go on stealing，you will _ your bright future，young man！” said the judge.AdestroyBdamage Cruin Dbreak【例题5】【题干】_is no wonder that the building is _now；it was so big a fire last night.AIt；in ruins BThat；in ruins CThere；in ruins DIt；in ruin【例题6】【题干】Unfortunately，at least 20 miners were killed,22_and 13 _ in the coal mine gas explosion.Ainjuring；trapping Binjured；trappedCinjured；trapping Dinjuring；trapped【例题7】【题干】I shall make my own_on this matter when I see the result.Ajustice Bjudgement Cintention Dconclusion【例题8】【题干】_，the headmaster rose to indicate that the conversation was_.AAt an end；in an end BIn the end；at an endCIn an end；at the end DAt an end；in the end【例题9】【题干】The audience waited until the curtain rose and then_laughter at the sight of the funny actor.Aburst out Bburst into Cbroken into Dbegan with【例题10】【题干】Lucy didnt answer._， she looked out of the window, as if thinking.ABut BHowever CInstead DAnd同步训练【基础】 选用方框内所给词的正确形式完成句子。dig out; injure; right away; think little of; in ruins; blow away; at an end; the number1I think we must get in touch with him .2After the big fire，all of their houses were .3I dont know when their party will be .4It is reported that people who were killed in the road accident reached more than 8.5It is said that they havea lot of treasure from that tomb.6Hemy advice and that made me very angry.7Suddenly a strong wind came andthe roofs of their new houses.8He was sad that one of his best friends was badlyin an accident.【巩固】1. Many people are suffering from the earthquake.I see. Food and clothes should be sent to them.Aon purposeBat present Cright away Dever since2. After World War ，many of the cities across western European countries.Alied in ruin Blay in ruins Clay in ruin Dlying in ruins3. in the book，he didnt hear the sound.ABurying BTo be buried CHaving been buried DBuried4. In a suddenof anger，the man tore up everything within reach.Acrack Bburst Cmove Dchange5. Whats the matter？It seemsyouve caught a cold.Oh，Im just too tired.Aas if Bever since Cbecause Dwhen6. Everything returned to normalnothing had happened.Aas if Bso that Cbecause Dfor7. As you can see，the number of cars on our roads_rising these days.Awas keeping Bkeep Ckeeps Dwere keeping8. Im sorry to say that our food is almost_.We cant survive if there is no one to help us.Aby the endBat the end Cin the end Dat an end9. After _ in the research for so many years，the scientist succeeded in finding the result at last.Aburied Bbeing buried Chaving buried Dhaving been buried10. He sighed again and the failure in physics seemed to have completely _ his confidence.Ainjured Bdestroyed Cshocked Dattacked11. Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.Ahave damaged Bare damaging Cdamaged Dwill damage12. The lifeboat was sent out to the sailors from the sinking ship.Ashelter Brescue Cescape Dtrap13. He was so_ when he saw a _snake that he jumped_.Afrightened; frightened; in fright Bfrightened; frightening; with frightCfrightening; frightening; in fright Dfrightening; frightened; with fright14. I have some big news for you. Youve been accepted as a member of our club. Thats great!AHave I? BPardon? CCongratulations! DGood idea!15. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _yesterday.Awas happening Bhappens Chas happened Dhappened【拔高】一、 单项选择1. _ the number of cars, only _small number of people have attended the meeting.A. Judging from; a B. Judged from; aC. Judging from; the D. Judged from; the2. Have you seen the film “Titanic”，_leading actor is world famous? A. its B. itsC. whose D. which 3. A number of buildings_ damaged in the earthquake, and the number of people who were killed_ reached more than 20,000.A. were; have B. were; hasC. was; has D. was; have4. It came as_ shock to learn that Bob, one of the top students in our class, failed in _ exam.A. 不填； the B. a; theC. a; an D. 不填； an5. _ in the snowstorm for two hours, the driver called 110 and he was rescued in _ end.A. Trapped; theB. Trapping; aC. To trap; / D. Trap; an二、 阅读理解Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (断层), which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, releasing some strong smell chemicals.The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools(激流和漩涡). Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earthquakes was shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington, DC.Scientists now know that Americas two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal(水平的)boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the two masses make a sudden move.The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions cause earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.文章大意：本文通过历史回顾和科学分析，提醒人们多关注New Madrid地区频繁的地震。1This passage is mainly about_.A. the New Madrid fault B. the San Andreas C. the causes of faults D. current scientific knowledge about faults 2Which of the following pictures best describes the type of the New Madrid fault?3This passage implies that_.A. horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faultsB. vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faultsC. a lot of people would die if the 1811 New Madrid earthquakes happened todayD. the volcanoes that caused the New Madrid fault are still alive.课堂运用书面表达：请按要求写一篇有关玉树地震的报道时间：2010年4月14日早晨 震级： 7.1 级人员伤亡：2,698 人遇难，270 人失踪 受灾面积：35,862 平方千米损失情况：居民住房大量倒塌，众多公共设施遭到破坏，使工业、农业、旅游业严重受损。灾后救助：大量来自全国各地的医疗卫生工作者迅速奔赴救灾第一线；个人、企业、机构大量捐款帮助玉树重建；随着重建的开展，玉树逐渐恢复。要求：1.词数100词左右 2.可以适当添加细节，以使行文连贯_【答案】 On the morning of April 14th, 2010, a 7.1-magnitude earthquake hit Yushu County(县) in Qinghai Province, killing 1698 people with 270 people missing. The damage area was as large as 35,862 kilometers. In the area many residential buildings collapsed and a great number of public facilities were damaged, which extremely harm agriculture, industry and tourism in the county. Soon lots of medical workers from all over the country went to the earthquake-hit areas while a large amount of money was raised from all walks of life to help the reconstruction. As the reconstruction began, Yushu gradually recovered.【解析】写作步骤：第一步：审题。时态：一般过去时；段落：三段第一段：第一段点明主题开门见山地点出地震发生的时间，地点，震级，伤亡人数。第二段：第二段描述该城市受灾面积和损失情况。第三段：第三段描述震后的救援情况。第二步：写要点：Make a list of your ideas and give your reasons.第三步：连句成文。（适当使用关联词，使得行文连贯，切忌逐句翻译）与地震相关句式：1. At.everything began to shake. 在时，所有东西都开始震动。2. It seems as if the world was at an end！ 仿佛到了世界末日！3. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than. 伤亡的人数多达4. All of the.were gone. 所有的都被摧毁了。5. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。6. Soon after the quake, .sent.to help. 震后不久，派出来帮助7. A deadly earthquake hit., killing.with.missing.一场严重的地震袭击了,造成死亡, 失踪。8. It killed.injuring.leaving. 这次地震造成死亡，受伤，使得9. .were sent to the earthquake-hit areas. 被送往遭受地震灾害的地区。10. Day and night, the rescue workers tried their best to. 营救人员日以继夜努力地11. .gradually recovered thanks to the help from. 因为来自的帮助，得以渐渐恢复。课程小结burst into tears/ laughter=burst out crying/laughing 突然哭起来/笑起来as if = as though 好像，似乎right away立刻，马上be at an end 结束，终结lie in ruins成为废墟 instead of代替，而不是rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把.从营救出来a number of.许多；大量的judging by/from从上看；根据判断fall into a trap：be caught in a trap掉入陷阱；落入圈套be buried in/ bury oneself in/ be absorbed in 埋头于；专心于课后作业一、单项选择1. I have forgotten where I left the book. I must remember to dig it _for you.A. downB. intoC. outD. for2. Smoking can _ ones health.A. damageB. injureC. hurt D. wound3. Jane, _at the news of the earthquake，was at a loss for words.A. shock B. shockedC. shocking D. having shocked4. It was a _ night，the dam cracked and then burst under the weight of water.A. frighten B. frightenedC. frightening D. frightens5. The duty of the doctor is to heal the wounded and _ the dying.A. saved B. rescueC. rescuing D. to rescue6. His film is sure to win the award because it _ by most people.A. thinks well of B. is thought wellC. is well thoughtD. is well thought of7. As he thought his son was _ young _ do the job，he decided to do it himself.A. so；as to B. too；to