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第七章 形容词形容词是描述人和事物的特征、性质、形状、状态的词类，主要用来修饰名词和代词。一，形容词的语法功能 思考下列句子中形容词作的成份功能解释例句Harbin is a nice city in North ChinaThere is nothing serious at all.The tea is very strong.I feel sick today.The room is bright.Dont make your parents angry.Who has left the door open?Hugried and tired,he had to stop working.She was standing in the dark, unable to see anything.二形容词的特殊用法1.有少数形容词一般只能作表语，不能作定语。afraid alive alone asleep awake ready sorry well worth ashamed alikean afraid person an alone old man决不能这么讲,可以这么说The person is afraid.2.某些形容词说明事物间的关系，如方位、时间、用途等，不能用程度副词来修饰，也没有比较级的变化 the same different southern northerrn Chinese JanpaneseMy answer is different from yours.3.形容词的名词化 某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人，常见的词有Good/bad rich/poor young/old deaf/blind black/white living/dead sick/wounded三形容词的位置问题1.一般情况下，形容词都是放在名词或代词的前面的 a tall tree free time2.一些表语形容词作定语时要后置He is the most famous scientist alive in the world today.The baby still asleep may awake very soon.注意：比较下面两句present的不同的。Our present problem is how to help reduce the noise around the school.The people present at the meeting are mostly from the west of China.3形容词在修饰someone、somebody、anyone、anybody、anything、nobody、nothing等不定代词时，要后置。Attention!Please, I have something important to tell you all.There you go. It is nothing serious at all.4.形容词的排序问题 当名词由两个以上的形容词修饰时，这些形容词的词序是有规则的。1.限定词，包括：冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等2.表示观点的描绘性形容词，beautiful fine interesting3.表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词 tall high small little round 4.表示年龄、新旧的形容词 young、old、new5.表示颜色的形容词 black white blue6.表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词（名词） Janpanese American English mountain7.形成中心名词材料的形容词。 stone wooden silk plastic woolen 原则：越靠近名词本质的词越靠近名词Two round blue dinner plates three big round new Chinese wooden tablesa famous German medical school the last few unforgettable sunny days on the beach四比较级的构成及用法1.比较级的构成规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节和少数双音节的词直接+er、estlonglongerLongest以不发音的e结尾时+r 、stlatelargelaterlargerlatestlargest以辅音字母加y结尾时，改y为i加er、esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个福音字母时，双写辅音字母+er、estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest多音节和部分双音节词在原级的前面加 more、mostcarefulmore carefulmost careful不规则变化原级good/wellmany/muchbad/illlittlefar old比较级bettermoreworselessfarther/furtherolder/elder最高级bestmostworstlestfarthest/furthestoldesr/eldest2.形容词比较级的用法表示两者进行比较时形容词用比较级，其结构为“A + 比较级+ than +B”Lilys room is bigger than mine.注意：为了避免重复，在从句中常用the one、that、those等词来代替前面出现过的名词。其中the one 代替可数名词单数形式，the ones 或those代替可数名词复数形式，that可以代替可数名词单数形式以及不可数名词。The weather in Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou in winter.有表示程度的副词 a little、a bit、a few、a lot、much、even、far、any、rather等修饰形容词时，该形容词用比较级It is much colder today than yesterday.表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时,用句型“which/ who is +形容词比较级，A or B”Who is taller,Lingming or Wangtao?Which bus is faster,No.1 or No.5?表示“两者之间比较的一个（of the two）”常用“the+比较”结构Mary is the taller of the twins.Lily is the more quiet of the two baby girls.表示“越来越”，用比较级的重叠结构“比较级+and+比较”，或者是“more andmore + 形容词原级”It is getting warner and warmer in spring. More and more people are moving to cities.表示“越就越”即“the more ,the more ”结构The more,the better.The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.3.“asas”结构 表示A与B在某一方面程度相同肯定句中的结构“A + as/so +形容词原级+as +B”English is as/so intersting as Chinese. Tom is as tallas Henry 否定结构中“Anot+ as/so+ 形容词原级+ as + B”This book isnt so new as that one.My maths is not as good as Smiths.注意：否定结构的“asas”就相当于比较级表示倍数的方法 “A+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”Our school is three times as big as theirs.This rope is twice as long as that one.注意：当表示“一半大时”，可用halfMy room is half as big as yours.五最高级的构成及用法1.表示三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。Shanghai is the biggest city in China.2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时用“which/who is+the+最高级，A，B or C？”Which city is the most beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou?3.表示“最的之一”时，用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。Jay zhou is one of the most popular singers in China.4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最”The Yellow River is one of the second longest river in China.5.形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等修饰，此时不能再用定冠词This is our best lesson today.6形容词比较级可以表示最高级的含义Lilei is taller than anyother student in his class(=Lilei is the tallest student in his class)Lilei is tallee than the other students in his class.Lilei is is taller than anyone else in his class.No one is as tall as Lilei in his class.No one is taller than Lilei in his class.六-ing形容词和-ed形容词-ing形容词-ed形容词例句surprising令人惊讶的surprised感到惊讶的This is a surprising story.I am surprised at the newsInteresting有趣的的interested感兴趣的I have a interesting book.He is interested in science.exciting令人兴奋地excited感到兴奋的Have you heared of the exciting news?We are excited about the traveling.pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的This is a pleasing trip.The teacher is pleased with our performancefrightening令人恐惧的frightened感到恐惧的There is a frightening dog on the way to my school.We are frightened of the ghost.moving令人感动的moved受感动的Titanic is a moving film.We are moved by the old man deeply.tiring令人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的The speech is tiring.Are you tired of it ?fascinating迷人的Fascinated着迷的What a fascinating voice!Many boys are fascinated by computer games.特点：表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物特点：表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人We are all interested in the interesting story.七相关形容词的辨析1.farther furtherfar的比较级是farther和further。其用法的区别是：在谈论地点、方向或距离时，farther和further可以互换。但是，further还有“更多， ，稍后，额外”等含义，此时不能互换。This is a gas station a few miles farther down the road.We must get further information.2.older elderold的比较级是older和elder。Older常用于比较的结构中，表示“较老的、较旧的、年级较大的”。Elder只用表示一加人的年龄长幼，意为“年长的”。Your bike is older than mine. He is older than you. He is my elder brother.elder除指家庭成员外，也可以指其他人，意思是“资格老的”He is an elder teacher.3.good well fine nicegood是形容词，用作表语和定语，表示电影、书籍等某种东西的内容好，表示人品好，善良等 (good 也有“充足”的含义) This a good book. well兼做形容词和副词。作形容词时，只作表语，表身体健康 I feel well toady.fine通常指天气好，气质好，发育好等 It is a fine/ nice day today.Nice往往指“令人喜悦的，讨人喜爱的”人、味道、言语、天气等 Nice to meet you4 ill sick 两个词都有“生病”的意思，都可以作表语，但作定语时只能用sick而不能用ill（ill作 时表示“坏的”） The sick man is his uncle. He has been ill for days.5black dark都可以作形容词、名词。Black的意思是“黑色的”，指颜色，其反义词是 white；而dark的意思是“暗、天黑、黑暗”，指无光，其反义词是lightThe doors are painted black. It is a dark house.6. alone lonelyalone 既可以作形容词、也可作副词。意思是“单独的，”；lonely是形容词，意思是“寂寞的、偏远的，人迹罕至的”She is alone, but she doesnt feel lonely.八重要的形容词短语搭配be sorry about_ be worried about_ ba anxious abour_be surprised at_ be good at_ be angry at/with_be famous for_ be famous as_ be ready for_be well known for_ be well known as_ be good for_be intetrsested in_ be different from/in_ be poor in_be weak in_ be afraid of _ be fond of_be proud of _ be full of _ be ashamed of _be short of_ be tired of _ be busy with_be patient with_ be pleased with_ be satisfied with_
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