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动词时态动词的时态表（一） 一般现在时一般现在时。表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件） 的一种时间状态。1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。时间状语： always, usually, regularly, every morning/night/evening/day/week, often, sometimes, occasionally, from time to time, twice a week, rarely, seldom, once a month, hardly, ever, never.e.g. I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.2. 表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。e.g. I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.3.表示客观事实和普遍真理。e.g The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.4.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。5.表示预先计划或安排好的行为。6.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。新闻报道类的内容，为了体现其“新鲜”性，也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。7.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时，只用一般现在时，而不用 进行时态。8.表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态9.表示格言或警句中。e.g Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。（二）现在进行时(1) 当句子中有 now 时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。(2) 以 look, listen 开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：Listen！She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。(3) 表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有 this week, these days 等 时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如：We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。(4) 描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正 在公园放风筝。(5) 补充：1 在不少情况下，表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子，并没有“正在”这样的字眼，但 在译为英语时必须用进行时态。如：Its raining heavily. 下大雨了。How is everything going? 事情进展如何？2 有些动词通常不能用进行时。不能用进行时的动词有： 表示感觉或感情的词，如：hear, see, smell, taste, feel, seem, notice, hate, love,like, want, wish, refuse, prefer, forgive 等。表示存在或所属的词，如：exist, stay, remain, obtain, have, own, form, contain 等。表示认识或理解的词，如：understand, know, remember, forget, believe, think, doubt 等（三）现在完成时（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联 系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表 示）或状态（be 动词表示）常与 for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.for+时段since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+时段+agosince+从句（过去时）It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）(3)现在完成时在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来完成的动作Ill go to the party as soon as (or when) I have finished my homework.我完成作业后就去参加聚会。(4)现在完成时和 until now, so far, in the past few years, up to the present 等表 示从某时到目前这段时间的状语连用。I have not heard from her so far. 到目前为止，我没有收到过她的信。We have learned five hundred words up to the present. 到目前为止，我们已学了 五百个生词。但要注意：当意义明确时，适用现在完成时的句子可以不用时间状语。如：He has done a lot of work. 他干了许多工作。She has told me about her story. 她跟我讲过她的故事。（四）现在完成进行时1）表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?2)表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)Jack hasnt been feeling very well recently.3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：She has been playing tennis since she was eight.4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身， 如：Toms hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.（五）一般过去时(1) 过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作 对现在的影响，只说明过去。I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽 得可凶了。(2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday, last week, in1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（你现在不饿吗？）Yes, I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。）When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。）I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。 ）Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。I ate it at 6：45。我在六点四十五分吃了。（六）过去进行时1. 表示过去某一时间内（正在）进行的动作如：I was doing my homework at 9 p.m. last Sunday.It was raining outside2. 表示一动作正在进行时，另一动作同时正在进行.(1) 用while连接（while只接doing）（注：如果主句和从句都是一般过去时，可以 用while连接两个句子）例: My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持续动作时态一 致)(2）when 表示（when 可以接 doing 或 did，when 后动作时间长，用 doing，时间短，用 did）例:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(间接表达了具体时间)3. 重复的动作When he worked here, John was always making mistakes.4. 表示过去将要发生的动作She told us Mr.Lee was arriving here.5. 用于故事，以提供其时间背景6. 表示礼貌7. 有时可强调过去某一动作延续时间较长（七）过去完成时（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去 的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示， 也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。例如：By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚 9 点钟，我们已经收到 200 张飞船发来的图片。（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和 for, since 构成的时间状语连用。例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了 20 分钟。He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从 1949 年以来他就在那家工厂工作。（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前 发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。（5）过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。（6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when, before, after, as soon as, till/until引导的例如：When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡 觉。（7） 动词 think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend 等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实 现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。例如：They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮 忙，但没有及时赶到那里。We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我们本来希望能来看看你。（8 ）过去完成时还可用在 hardlywhen, no soonerthan, It was the first(second, etc) ，time (that)等固定句型中。例如：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开 始演讲，听众就打断了他。No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失 业了。（八）过去完成进行时表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。 过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时 间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须 以一过去时间为前提。I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这东西我找了好多天才找 着的。They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came. 他们 只等了一会儿车就来了。表示反复的动作。He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。You had been giving me everything. 你对我真是有求必应。过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。 The doctor asked what he had been eating. 医生问他吃了什么。I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我问他们那些天是呆在 哪儿的。过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的 when 分句。I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟他 就进来了。Shed only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her. 她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。I had been sleeping when my friend telephone me. 我正在睡觉时，我的朋友给 我打电话。（九）一般将来时1）表示将来的动作或状态 一般将来时常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用，如： tomorrow（明天）， next week（下周）， from now on（从现在开始）；in the future（将来）；someday (未来的某一天) 等。2）表示将来经常发生的动作。3）“be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如：It is going to rain. 要下雨了。We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们开会。4）go，come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live, fly,等可用进行时态表 示按计划即将发生的动作，例如：Im leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。5）“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如：Are we to go on with this work?我们继续干吗？The boy is to go to school tomorrow.这个男孩明天要去上学。6）“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不 跟时间状语。例如：We are going to leave.我们马上就走。7）某些词，如 come， go， leave， arrive， start， get， stay ，live,fly 等的 一般现在时也可表示将来。The meeting starts at five oclock.会议五点开始。He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下车。8） “be due to构成的谓语，意味“定于”也可表示将来时。（十）将来进行时(1) 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。如：What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 星期一的这个时间你会干什 么？When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 明天他 来我家时，我将会在写报告。(2) 表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。如：I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon.I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning. (3) 表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。如：Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay.After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better. (4) 表示委婉的请求When shall we be meeting again. 到那时我们将会再见面的. (5) 表示原因Please come tomorrow afternoon .Tomorrow morning, Ill be having a meeting.你明天下午来吧,明天早上我将会参加一个会议.,(6) 表示结果Stop the child or he will be falling over.(7) 表示对将来的打算（区别于对将来的预测）My duties will end in July, and Ill be returning to Shanghais. 六月份我的任 务就结束了,我打算返回上海. (这里的进行时表示一种心情,一种轻松.慢慢体会.)（十一）将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到这个学期末，我们 将学完 12 个单元。By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。表示推测，相当于must have done结构。You will have heard of this, I guess. 我想你已经听说过这件事了。I am sure he will have got the information. 我相信他一定得到了这个信息.表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间We will have been married a year on June 25th 到 6 月 25 日我们俩结婚就满 1年了（十二）过去将来时(1) 过去将来时表示过去某时之后将出现的情况，通常用于宾语从句中。如：I thought he would come. 我以为他会来。Jenny never imagined that she would become a doctor.詹妮从没想到自己会当 医生。(2) 表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情。如：The old lady was fifty-eight then. In two years she would be sixty. 老太太当 时五十八岁，再过两年就六十了。I didnt think they would have any objection to it. 我想他们不会有什么反对意见。(3) 表示过去习惯性动作（不管什么人称都用 would）。如：Whenever he had time, Harris would go to see his grandmother. 哈里斯一有 时间就去看他奶奶。Joanna would go for a walk after she had supper.乔安娜吃完晚饭总要去散步。Z专项训练1. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon to his old ways.A. returnedB. returnsC. was returningD. had returned2. All the preparations for the task , and were ready to start. (2000 北京)A. completedB. completeC. had been completedD. have been completed3. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the ticketsA. was bookedB. had been bookedC. were bookedD. have been booked4. Every possible means to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used5. My uncle until he was forty-five.A. marriedB. didnt get marriedC. was not marryingD. would marry6. An awful accident , however, occur the other day.A. doesB. didC. has toD. had to7. Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes.A. loseB. will be lostC. are lostD. will lose8. Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I my mum.A. am takingB. have takenC. takeD. will have taken9. A new cinema here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be builtB. is builtC. has been builtD. is being built10. He is the only one of the students who_ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been11. It long before we the result of the experiment.A. will not be; will knowB. is; will knowC. will not be; knowD. is; know12. John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at aChristmas party. But we each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seenB. have been; have seenC. had been; had seenD. have been; had seen13. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killedB. is killedC. was killedD. was killing14. -You havent said a word about my coat, Brenda. Do you like it?-Im sorry I anything about it sooner. I certainly think it is pretty on you.A. wasnt sayingB. dont sayC. wont sayD. didnt say15. I wonder why Jenny us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasnt writtenB. doesnt writeC. wont writeD. hadnt written16.The little girl her heart out because she her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it.A. had cried; lostB. cried; had lostC. has cried; has lostD. cries; has lost17. -Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour?-Of course. What is it?-I if you could tell me how to fill out this form.A. had wonderedB. was wonderingC. would wonderD. did wonder18. I feel it is your husband who for the spoilt child.A. is to blameB. is going to blameC. is to be blamedD. should blame19. I thought Jim would say something about his school report , but he it .A. doesnt mentionB. hadnt mentionedC. didnt mentionD. hasnt mentioned20. The news came as no surprise to me. I for some time that the factory was going to shut down.A. had knownB. knewC. have knownD. knowZ精典名题导解1.（2011重庆师大附中月考）33.I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ on the phone all the time!A. was talkingB. has been talkingC. has talkedD. talkedA考查动词时态。句意：昨晚我给Hannah打了多次对话，但都没有接通。他的弟弟一直都在占线。2.（2011唐山市摸底）12As a young man，he didnt know that he famous later on Awas to become Bwill become Chad become DbecameA考查动词的时态。句意：作为一位年轻人，他不知道他后来会一定会成功。此处be+to do的形式表示将来一定。3.（2011河北正定中学月考）16-Where did you put the broom,Tom?-I _it behind the doorBut now it is goneAdo put Bdo putting Cdid to put Ddid putD考查动词时态。语境：-汤姆，你把扫帚放在哪儿了？-我确实把它放在了门的后面。可现在它不见了。4.（2011浙江学军中学月考）40. Once harm _ to the environment, it takes years to have the system recovered.A. doesB. is done C. will be done D. be doneB考查被动语态。此处harm是不可数名词，用单数。句意：一旦对环境造成伤害，它需要花费多年的时间回复生态系统。5.（2011浙江学军中学月考）37. I dont understand how you got a ticket. I always you a careful driver.A. think; areB. am thinking ；areC. thought; were D. think; were C考查动词的时态。句意：我过去总以为你是一个细心的司机。6.（2011浙江温州八校返校联考）30I fixed my eyes upon the newcomer, wondering whether I _ him somewhere beforeAsaw Bhas seen Chad seen Dwould see C考查动词时态。句意：我盯着新来的那个人，想以前我在什么地方见过他。“盯着”这一动作发生在过去；“看见过”就应是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。7.（2011浙江温州十校联考）9My toothache is killing meI _ it _ awayBut now its getting worse and worse. Athink; is going Bthought; was going Chave thought; is going Dhad thought; had gone B考查动词的时态。句意：我的牙疼。我原以为它会消失的。可现在它变得越来越厉害。8.（2011浙江杭州西湖中学检测）21. My brother _ football quite well, but he hasnt played since last year. A. will play B. has played C. played D. playsD考查动词时态。根据句意“乒乓球打得好是一种技能，不会因为一时不练而失去”，故用一般现在时。9.（2011浙江杭州西湖中学检测）24. You speak very good Chinese. -Thanks. I _ it for 4 years before I came to China. A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studiedD考查动词时态。此处before I came to China表明study发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。10.（2011云南昆明一中月考）14By the time my mother came back from work, my sister and I supper and were waiting for her at the table.Ahave cooked Bwere cookingChad cooked Dwould cookC考查动词时态。根据句意“我母亲上班回来时发生在过去，而我姐姐和我做好饭发生在母亲回来之前，故用过去完成时。”11.（2011四川绵阳中学第一次月考）25. How long in Shanghai？Just the weekend. Ive to be back for an important meeting to be held next Monday.A. have you stayed B. are you stayingC. did you stay D. do you stayB考查动词时态。语境：-你要在上海呆多久？-就到这个周末。我必须回去参加下周一要举行的一个重要会议。此处用现在进行时表将来时。12.（2011湖南长沙一中月考）21Justin a book about his adventures in TibetI hope he can find a good publisher when it is finishedAwas writing Bis currently writingChas already written DwroteB考查动词的时态。句意：Justin目前在写一本关于他在西藏探险的书。我希望写完后他能找到一家好的出版社。13.（2011四川成都市摸底）29My friend, Tom, left New York in 1976 and since then.Ahadnt been heard ofBhasnt been heard ofChasnt heard ofDhadnt heard ofB考查动词的时态和语态。句意：我的朋友汤姆1976年离开纽约，从那时起就没有听到过他的消息。14.（2011湖南雅礼中学月考）33Tom has been absent for two daysDo you know what _ to him? Ahas happenedBwould happenCwas happenedDhad happenedA考查动词时态。句意：汤姆两天不在了。你知道他发生了什么吗？15.（2011江西南昌一中月考）22When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except a few words of eachAspoke; had forgottenBspoke; have forgotten Chad spoken; had forgottenDhad spoken; have forgottenB考查动词的时态。第一空由时间状语When I was at college可知用一般过去时；第二空表示现在的影响和结果，我全忘了除了每种语言的一些词汇，故用现在完成时。16.（2011四川成都外国语学校9月考）26Look! What a mistake! Why?Sorry, I _ on it.A. dont concentrate B. hadnt concentratedC. havent been concentrating D. wasnt concentratingD考查动词的时态。语境：-看！多大的错误！为什么？-对不起，我没有集中精力去做。17.（2011宁夏银川一中月考）24-Tony, come down and help me with the heavy box! - Come on! I _ all day longGet Peter to do that! Awork Bhad been working Chad worked Dhave been workingD考查动词时态。句意：我一整天都在劳动。让彼得帮你。18.（2011江西师大开学试题）31. - Have you seen your nephew lately? - Yes, in fact, I saw him yesterday. I _ him for three years. A. havent B. didnt C. hadnt D. dontC考查动词时态。句意：我昨天看到了他。我三年没看到他了（指昨天以前）。根据句意用过去完成时。19.（2011黑龙江哈师大附中第二次月考）26. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _ off at 18:20. A. tookB. will takeC. has takenD. takesD考查动词的时态。此处特指航班的特定时间表，故用一般现在时表示。20.（2011黑龙江哈三中10月考）32. -You speak very good English. Have you ever been abroad to learn English? -Thanks. I have never been abroad before but I _English in Beijing Foreign Language Universityfor four years. A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studiedA考查动词时态。根据句意“在北京外国语大学学英语”这一动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。21.（2011黑龙江哈三中10月考）22. -Whats the matter, Mary? You are awfully quiet and look blue.-Oh, I _ of my best friend who went to America last year. A. just thought B. was just thinking C. had just thought D. have just thought B考查动词时态及语境。句意：我刚才正在想去年去了美国的我最好的朋友。22.（2011贵州遵义四中月考）20. Over the past decades, sea ice in the Arctic as a result of global warming.A. had decreased B. decreased C. has been decreasing D. is decreasingC考查动词时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，海中的冰由于全球气候变暖一直在减少。23.（2011河南郑州四中调研）30. -Is there anything wrong , Bob? You look sad. - Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _ of my friends back home. A. have just thought B.was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinkingB考查动词时态。语境：-鲍勃出了什么事？你看起来难过。-奥，没什么事。事实上，我在想我的朋友回家。24.（2011河南郑州四中调研）31. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walkedC考查动词时态。句意：当他得知他已经走入圈套时，他再做任何事情都为时太晚了。25.（2011河南郑州四中调研）32. _ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A. Only if; you will B. unless; you will C. Only if; will you D. unless; will you C考查倒装句。此处only强调的条件句置于句首，其后用部分倒装。26.（2011贵州遵义四中月考）8. Travelers that they should bring their ID cards with them.A. have reminded B. are remindedC. were reminding D. had been remindedB考查动词的时态和语态。此处根据句意应为被动语态，因旅行者被提醒。27.（2011贵州遵义四中月考）10. Alice, you look puzzled. Have you understood it?Yes, I another problem just now.A. have thought of B. am thinking ofC. had thought of D. was thinking ofD考查动词时态。根据时间状语just now可知，我刚才在想另一个问题。故用过去进行时。28.（2011广西桂林中学月考）23. You look so young. Havent you graduated from your university?Yes, I in the English Department of Shandong University for four years.A. studied B. study C. had studied D. was studyingA考查动词时态。语境：-你看起来很年轻。难道你还没有大学毕业？-我毕业了。我在山东大学英语系学习了4年。此处表明现在已经毕业，以前在山大学习过4年。故用一般过去时。29.（2011福建福州三中月考）50- Would you have called her up had it been possible? - Yes, but I busy doing my ho
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