初二英语语法不定式详解及习题.doc

初二英语语法：动词不定式详解及习题一.不定式的构成：to+ 动词原形二不定式的特征：不定式不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词，形容词，和副词的特征，可以在句子中作主语，表语，宾语。宾语补足语，定语，和状语。现将用法归纳如下。（一）、动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth(3)It takes sb some time to do sth(4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式注意： 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。(错)It is to believe to see.Its for sb.和 Its of sb.1) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。（二）、动词不定式作宾语1. He wants to buy some vegetables.2. Dont forget to bringyour homework with you when you come to school.3. He found it very difficult _.常接不定式作宾语的动词;want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面Sb + V + it （形式宾语）+ agj （形容词）+to+ V（宾语）注意无BE动词。(三)、动词不定式作宾语补足语 Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends to cook Chinese food.He found it very difficult to learn English well.不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面Sb + V + it （形式宾语）+ agj （形容词）+to+ V（宾语）注意无be动词。(四)、动词不定式作状语.She went to visit her teacher.go， come， try， do / try ones best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。be +形容词+ to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。too +形容词/副词(for sb)to do(太而不能)和enough (for sb) to do(足以、足够做)结构中，不定式作结果状语。 sosuch. that.如此.以致.的用法及与其它句型的互换.A.SbSth +be V+ so + adjadv (aan+adj +n)+that + cantcouldnt.= SbSth +be V+ too+adjadv(for+SbSth)+to+V . .如此.以致.=太而.不能.B、.so that to =in order to+V动词that+从句 .为了以便于.C、.SbSth +be+ so + adj形容词a an +n V +adv副词(so +littlemanymuch. such +aan+adj +n 名形容词+名词)+that + canould=.SbSth +be V+adjadv +enough足够的 + to+V.如此.以致于.=.足够.干.如：他太年轻了而不能去上学。A. He is too young to go to school.B. He is so young that he cant go to schoolC He is nt old enough to go to school.D. He is so a young boy that he cant go to school（五）、动词不定式作定语 Would you like something to drink?不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要 的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。(六)、动词不定式作表语（体现形容词的特性） My dream is to be a teacher.注意：不带to的动词不定式在see， watch， hear， feel等感官动词和make， have， let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在。had better+V/not +V最好干。后面接不带to的不定式。四。动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.五、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下：stop to do sth意为停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事，stop doing sth意为停止正在做的事：remember to do sth意为记住去做某事(事还未做)，remember doing sth意为记得做过某事(事已做)：go on to do sth意为接着做某事(做完一事，接着做另一事)，go on doing sth意为继续做某事(一事未做完接着往下做)：forget to do sth意为忘了做某事(事还未做)，forget doing sth意为忘了曾做过某事(事已做)。六、另外注意1）、带双宾语的及物动词，如：give Sth. to Sb ,.send. to .bring. to take. to teach. to want. to. lend. to ,show .to .etc to可以作介词用+ 人/物/地点,大部分带双宾语的动词是接 to +Sb（间接宾语），而cook /buy read Sth for + Sb初二英语语法之动词不定式练习题1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning3. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to4. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys 5. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking6. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep 7. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with 8. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked9. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing10. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns 11. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear 12. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled 13. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets14. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks 15. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do16. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with)17. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered 18. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel19. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up20. I was made _my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did21. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. didnt jump D. not jump 22. The old man told the child _ noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not23. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have， not to be B. have， not beC. be， not to be D. be， not be 24. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has 25. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took 26. Lets have a rest, shall we?Not now, I cant stop _ the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write 27. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly 28. A woman saw it _ when she was walking past.A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen 29. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. Id like to 30. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?What time are we going to meet?A. No, I cant B. Yes, Im gladC. Yes, Id love to D. Id like