初三英语短文填空.doc

初三英语短文填空（五）短文填空题的命题特点短文填空是陕西省、重庆市、武汉市、黄冈市、福州市等省、市近两年才创设的一种新题型。这种题型通常有四种形式：1、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，让考生根据上下文填上所缺的单词。2、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，但给出这些单词的第一个字母，让考生根据短文的上下文的意思和所给的提示字母，天上所缺的单词。3、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，同时在一个方框内给出一些单词，让考生根据短文的内容，把这些单词填入空白处，使文章正确、通顺。4、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词或短语，同时给出这些单词或短语的汉语意思，让考生根据短文的上下文和所给汉语的提示，填上适当地单词或短语。陕西省的短文填空题采用的基本上是第四种形式。这种题型考查的是考生的整体阅读能力、基础语法的运用能力和书面表述能力，特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。它是介于阅读理解和书面表达之间的一种题型。陕西省中考英语题中的短文填空题又有什麽具体特点呢？1、从文体上看，议论文和叙事文为主。2002年陕西省的短文填空题所给的短文是一篇论说文，论说的主题是：只有母亲的爱是真正的爱。2003年的中考说明样题所给的短文是一篇叙事文。讲述的是圣诞节的情况。2003年的中考题中的短文填空题也是一篇叙事文。讲述的是主题是因特网的历史。2、从填空的内容上看，以词组和短语为主。2002年短文填空题共有10个空，其中6个空填的是词组和短语。2003年中考说明中短文填空题共有10个空，其中7个空填的是词组和短语。2003年中考题中的短文填空题共有10个空，其中5个空填的是词组和短语。也就是说短文填空题要填的词组和短语总体上保持在5-7个。3、从考查的范围上看，以英语的一些特殊用法为主。2002年的短文填空题考到了enough作副词，放在被修饰词之后的用法，考到了“with+名词”构成的介词短语的用法。2003年终考说明中的短文填空题又一次出现了“with+名词”构成的介词短语用法。2003年中考题的短文填空题考查了something wrong这样的形容词后置的特殊用法。4、从所留的空白上看，以给出汉语提示为主。2003年中考说明的短文填空题共留出10个空白，其中8处给出了汉语提示，2处没有任何提示。2003年中考的短文填空题同样是10个空白，全部给出了汉语提示。二、短文填空题的解题技巧 做好短文填空题要求考生具备坚实的语法基础，理解文章大意和主旨的能力，牢固掌握英语的习惯用法和固定搭配，熟记英语单词的拼写。做短文填空可以从以下几个方面着手：1、从语法方面考虑短文填空题所涉及的语法内容通常包括：名词的单复数、形容词和副词的比较等级、主谓一致、动词的时态和语态、介词和连词的选用等。例如2003年中考的短文填空题的第一个空：“Most of us 1 (忙于)talking about and using the Internet every day.” 在这里，用英语表示“忙于”不仅要用busy, busy之前还要加be, 而be还要和主语most of us保持一致，变成are。2、从习惯用法和固定搭配方面考虑如上所说，陕西省的短文填空以词组和短语为主，而词组和短语必然会涉及到很多习惯用法和固定搭配。例如2003年中考说明短文填空的第8个空：“ 8 （在圣诞夜）children are very happy.” 用英语表示“在圣诞夜”必须用On Christmas Eve。因为在“某一天的晚上”习惯上用介词on。3、从上下文的结构方面考虑有的空白必须根据上下文的结构才能判断应该填什麽样的单词或短语。例如2003年考试说明短文填空的第9个空：They put their stocking at the end of their beds 9 their parents can put presents in them.从上下文文我们可以看出，他们把他们的长筒袜放在床头上是为了让他们的父母亲能够把礼物放在里面。以此判断，后面的句子应是一个目的状语从句。因此，应填so that。三、短文填空题的实例分析（2003，陕西省）V. 短文填空：（共10空，计10分。单词拼写错误不给分，短语中单词大小写、拼写错误扣0.5分）根据上下文和括号里的汉语提示，在下面短文的空白处写出正确的单词或词组。使短文意思完整，语句连贯。Most of us 1 (忙于)talking about and using the Internet every day, but how many of us know the 2 （历史）of the Internet? Many people are 3 (惊讶)when they find that the Internet was set up in the 1960s. 4 (那时)，computers were large and 5 (贵的). Computer networks didnt work 6 (好). If there was 7 (出故障)with one computer in the network, the whole network stopped, so a network system had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many 8 (不同的)kinds of computers. If 9 (任何部分)of the network was not working, information could be sent through another part. 10 (用这种方法), computer network system would keep on working all the time.1. are busy。汉语提示应填“忙于”，根据句子结构判断，所填的词或短语在句中作谓语，英语应为be busy。句子的主语是most of us, 谓语应用复数形式。Be busy应变为are busy。2. history。汉语提示为“历史”，在定冠词之后应为名词。3. surprised。汉语提示为“惊讶”，在句中作表语，句子的主语是人，人感到惊讶，应用过去分词surprised。4. At that time。汉语提示为“那时”，其真正意思是“在那个时候”，又因为这个短语在句首，第一个字母应大写，相应的英语短语应是At that time。5. expensive/dear。汉语提示为“贵的”。因为在句中作表语，应用形容词expensive/dear。6. well。汉语提示为“好”，在句中作状语，因此用well表示。7. something wrong。汉语提示为“出故障”，英语表示“某个东西出了故障”常常用There was something wrong with sth.这个句型。8. different。汉语提示为“不同的”，其形容词形式是different。9. any part。汉语提示为“任何部分”，相应的英语表达应是any part。10. In this way。汉语提示为“用这种方法”，又因为这个短语在句首，第一个字母大写。所以其英语表达应是In this way。能级演练 1Most of American businesses are open five days a week. American school children attend school five days a week as well. American families usually have a 1 （两天）weekend. The weekend is Saturday and Sunday. Over the weekend people spend their time 2 (以许多不同的方式) . Many families enjoy weekends 3 (一起) . They may go shopping, go for a drive or visit friends. They may also invite friends over and 4 (聚会) at home. Many American families participate（参加）in sports during the weekend. 5 (跑步), biking, playing volleyball and swimming 6 (流行)in summer. Skiing and skating are the 7 (最喜爱的) winter sports. Weekends are also a time for American families to work on something in their yards or in 8 (他们的) houses. Many families plant flowers and have vegetable gardens. Some families use the weekends 9 （粉刷）or repair their houses. 10 (对大部分美国人来说), weekends are very busy.1. two-day 2. in many different ways 3. together 4. have a party 5. Running 6. are popular 7. favourite 8. their 9. to paint 10. For most Americans 2 Perhaps more than any other people, Americans have come to depend on their cars. The family car 1 (一直是) a common thing 2 (从以来) the early twentieth century, and it has changed American life. Many people have moved 3 (外面) of the large cities to the suburbs. Some Americans spend 4 (每天两小时) or more in their cars 5 (去上班) and home again. Cars have become the 6 (工具) of transportation for most Americans going shopping, and even going on vacations. Americans 7 (过去常常) like big cars, and gasoline used to be very inexpensive. Recently, 8 （然而）, the cost of gasoline has increased, smaller cars have become 9 （更常见）. Also foreign cars have become very common. Americans have bought 10 （大量的）Japanese and German cars. They have bought cars from several other countries as well.1. has been 2. since 3. outside 4. two hours a day 5. going to work 6. means 7. used to 8. however 9. more common 10. large numbers of 3 In American high school 1 (大多数) students take English, science, math and history. 2 (在英语课堂上) , the students study grammar and read famous literature. In science class, they study biology, chemistry or physics. History is 3 (更有趣) to some students because they learn about important events and places 4 (在美国) . Students take 5 （其它） courses, too. These are electives. Some study 6 （音乐）because they feel it is more enjoyable. Some study 7 （计算机科学）because they 8 (认为)it is more practical. 9 （在各自课堂上） , teachers give students exams. Some exams are more difficult than others, but a good student can always do 10 （好）.1. most 2. In English class 3. more interesting 4. in the United States 5.other 6. music 7. computer science 8. think 9. In each class 10. well 4 One kind of vacation that many Americans enjoy is camping. Each summer 1 (数百万的) Americans drive to the countryside where they find places 2 （野营）. The national parks, many of which are 3 (在山里) , are favourite camping places. Campers enjoy the 4 （新鲜空气）, the lakes and the forests which they find in these parks. Campers hike, swim and fish. They can also find 5 （许多种）animals and plants in the parks. Mostly campers have trailers which they drive or pull behind their cars to their campsites. Trailers are like houses 6 （在轮子上）. They have many conveniences which people have in their homes, 7（例如） electricity and hot water. But 8 （大多数） campers dont have trailers. They camp in tents which they 9 （搭起）in their campsites. Campers in tents dont have the conveniences that campers in trailers have. Tent campers enjoy 10 (一种简单的生活) .1. millions of 2. to camp 3. in the mountains 4. fresh air 5. many kinds of6. on wheels 7. such as 8. most 9. set up 10. a very simple life 5 Farm Life in the United States All big cities are quite similar. Living in a modern Asian city is not very 1 （不同於）living in an American city. The same cannot be said about living 2 （在农场上）, however. In many parts of the world, farmers and their families live 3 (在村庄和城镇里). In the United States, however, each farm family lives on its own fields, often beyond the sight of any neighbors. 4 （不用） traveling from a village to the fields every morning, American farmers stay 5 （在他们的土地上）throughout the week. They travel to the nearest town 6 （在星期六）for shopping or on Sundays for church. The children ride on buses to large schools which serve 7 (所有的农场家庭) living in the area. In some areas, there are small schools serving a few farm families, and the children walk to school. 8 （当然）life keeps changing for everyone, including farmers. Today there are cars, good roads, radios, and television sets. And of course there are modern machines for farming. All of these have changed farm life. For many years, however, farming in America was often a lonely way of living. Farmers 9 （不得不）deal with their own problems, instead of getting help from others. They 10 （学会）to try new methods, and to trust their own ideas instead of following older ways.1. different from 2. on farms 3. in villages or towns 4. Instead of 5. on their land 6. on Saturdays 7. all of the farm families 8. Of course 9. had to10. learned 6He was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on January 15,1929. He was black. He lived 1 （仅仅）thirty-nine years, but he became world-famous in that short time. He 2 (长大) in the southeastern part of the United States. He studied at Morehouse College where he met many outstanding men whose ideas he found important and exciting. There he read the writings of Thoreau, which gave him many ideas 3 (关于自由) . After he graduated from Morehouse, he 4 (接着) to study at the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, and Boston University. At Boston University, he met his wife, Coretta. 5 （1954）, after he got his Ph.D.degree, he became the minister of a small church 6 （南方的） . There he became the leader of the black people, who were poor and without power. He gave speeches and led marches. For his ideas and actions, he went to jail 7 （一段时间）. 8 (许多年以后), in Washington, D.C., he spoke to a crowd of 250,000 people. He told them, “I have a dream.” That speech is still 9 (著名). In 1964 he won the Nobel Peace Prize. His work was not 10(结束) when he died on April 4, 1968. Who was he? He was Martin Luther King.1. only 2. grew up 3. about freedom 4. went on 5. In 1954 6. in the south 7. for a short time 8. Many years later 9. famous 10. finished 7Dear Mr. Costa,Im sorry it has taken me so long to write. Ive been very busy with work and school, but Ive 1 （想起）you often.Howve you been lately? Did you have a good Christmas and New Years? Mac says youve been working hard at the restaurant and that business is very good. What 2 (别的) have you been doing?I had a short but good vacation. Mac and I went to Chicago for 3 (几天)before Christmas, but I 4 (不得不) come back and work between Christmas and New Years (including Christmas Day and New Years Eve)! 5 （每次）something like that 6 （发生）I wonder if I really want to work in the hotel business.The other day I was thinking about the fun we used to have 7 (在我们英语课堂上). I havent seen many of our classmates since the course was over. 8 （事实上）, the only one I see very often is Tomiko. Id really like to get in touch with Franco. Does he 9 (曾经) write to you? If so, could you please send me his address?Well, Mac and I are going skating and he 10 （在等我）, so I guess Id better say goodbye now. Write as soon as you can. Love, Maria1. thought about 2. else 3. a few days 4. had to 5. Every time 6. happens7. in our English class 8. In fact 9. ever 10. is waiting for me 8The weather in Britain changes very quickly. One day may be fine and 1 (第二天)may be wet. The morning may be warm and the evening may be cool. You may 2 （上床睡觉）with the stars shinning brightly, and 3 （醒来）with rain falling heavily. This is what we mean when we say that the weather is very “changeable”.In some parts of the world you can be quite 4 （确信）what the weather is going to be like. You can make your plans for the next day or even for the next week, knowing exactly what sort of weather to expect. It is 5 （困难得多）to do this in Britain. It may be fine today and you may arrange(安排)to go to the countryside tomorrow. But when tomorrow 6 (到来) you may find that you have to give it up because it is too wet. Making plans for activities(活动)out of doors in Britain is therefore rather difficult.People 7 (谈论) the weather more in Britain than in most parts of the world. When two Englishmen are introduced to 8 （互相）, if they cant think anything else to talk about, they talk about weather. The weather is considered a safe topic of conversation(谈话). If you do not know each other 9 (足够好) to talk about personal matters, you can at least sound friendly by talking about the weather. When people meet in the street and they have 10 （没有时间）to stop and talk, they will often say something about the weather as they pass, just to show their friendliness.1. the next day 2. go to bed 3. wake up 4. sure 5. much more difficult 6. comes 7. talk about 8. each other 9. well enough 10. no time 9Some people say they have an answer to the problems of car crowding and pollution(污染). In many cities, 1 （数百人）people ride bikes to work 2 (每天). In New York City, some bike riders have even founded a group(团体): Bike for a Better City. They say if more people rode bikes to work, there would be fewer cars and 3 (较少的) dirty air.4 （许多年来）this group has tried to get help for bike riders. They want to have special(专用的)roads for bikes only, because when bike riders 5 (必须) use the same roads beside cars, there may be accidents. Bike for a Better City feels if there were bike roads, more people would use bikes.But no bike roads have been ready yet. Not 6 （每个人）thinks it is 7 （好主意）. Drivers dont like it, and some shop owners(店主)dont, 8 (也). And most people live too far from the city to travel by bike. Still, something has been done about it. On Saturdays and Sundays, the largest open park in New York is 9 （关闭）to cars, and the roads may be used by bikes only, but the group 10 （仍然）says this is not enough and goes on fighting to get bike roads.1. hundreds of 2. every day 3. less 4. For several years 5. must 6.everyone 7. a good idea 8. either 9. closed 10. still 10 Try This Experiment YourselfIt seems to be strange that there is a blind spot in the eye. Here is an 1 （有趣的）experiment that can make something disappear（消失）when one eye is 2 （挣开）. Make a card about the size of a postcard and write two English 3 (字母)“L” and “R” on it. “L” is 4 （在左边）and “R” on the right. 5 （首先）, hold the card about 80 cm away and you can see 6 （两者） the letters. Then close your right eye and 7 （看）the letter “R” only with your left eye. And now, as you move the card slowly towards you, youll find the letter “L” disappearing. But if you move the card 8 （近一些）to your face, the letter will be seen again. Now do the same experiment with your left eye closed, youll find the letter “R” disappearing.Why do the letters disappear? It is because there is a blind spot 9 (在眼里). When the image(影像)of the letter 10 （落）on the blind spot, it wont be seen. Thats why one of the letters disappears.1. interesting 2. open 3. letters 4.on the left 5. First 6. both 7. look at 8. nearer 9. in the eye 10. falls 11It is summer vacation and schools are closed. During the summer some children stay 1 （在家）, watch TV, and play with friends. Some take part in a sports program, and some go to a camp.A camp is a summer vacation place for children. Campers take part in sports activities like swimming and 2 （划船）. They also take part in other activities like playing games and painting pictures. 3 （在晚上） they sit around a campfire, cook hot dogs, sing songs or tell stories. Some camps combine special programs with the usual camp activities. There are camps to teach tennis, football, or other sports. There are also camps to teach science or music.Now there are 4 (甚至) computer camps. At a computer camp children learn how to use computers. Computers are very important today, so children must learn 5 （怎样使用他们）. Many schools have computers for the pupils to use, but 6 （并非所有的学生）know how to use them. Some schools do not have a program to teach the pupils how to use computers. 7 (因此), computer camps combine computer learning with summer fun. Computer camps usually have three computer classes a day. After a few days of classes, each camper designs a computer program. 8 (有些)campers design programs to help parents at home. Others design programs for pupils 9 (学校的). Some campers design computer games. The campers must also choose two camp activities a day. They can choose an activity like swimming, boating or painting. 10 （在他们空闲时间里）, the campers can choose any activity. They usually play games on the computers.1. at home 2. boating 3. In the evening 4. even 5. how to use them 6. not all pupils 7. So 8. Some 9. at school 10. In their spare time 12Families are becoming smaller. 1 (五十年前), a family of five or six members was common. In 1970, the size of the average family in the United States was 3.1 persons, and now the average family size is about 2.8 persons. At the same time, people are now living longer. 2 (例如) , in the last ten years, the number of people over 65 years of age has increased 28 per cent. The average age of people in the United States is now 3 (三十多).As a result of smaller families and more old people, life will change in many ways. If we have fewer children, we will need fewer schools. We will also need fewer teachers. But many older people will 4 (对感兴趣)education, so schools and colleges will offer courses for these people. Because many of the older people work, these courses will be given in the evenings and 5 (在周末) .The needs for housing will 6 (不同). It is common now for many people to live in houses that have five or six rooms. 7 （这种）house is good for families with three or four children. But if the population gets older and if families have only one child, large homes will not be necessary. Those people who need only three or four for their homes will live in small apartments. They wont have to 8 （照看）a large house.The change 9 （在人口方面）will also affect work. If there are fewer and fewer young people and more and more old people, there wont be a big need for cars or for schools. There will be a greater need for buses and hospitals, 10 (然而).1. Fifty years ago 2. For example 3. over 30 4. be interested in 5. on weekends 6. be different 7. This kind of 8. take care of 9. in population 10. however