电大商务谈判本科期末复习资料参考小抄.doc

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电大商务谈判本科期末考试小抄一 填空题(20分)01、 国际商务谈判的定义包含了三个部分 国际 商务 谈判02、 谈判若按照谈判地点可以分为三类 客座谈判 主座谈判 客主座轮流谈判03、 国际商务谈判的基本程序应该包括 探询 准备 谈判 小结 再谈判 终结 重建谈判 等七个 阶段。04、 谈判主持人的职责有 纽带作用 指挥作用 接口作用 寻找妥协点05、 单一策略启动时,分为三部 选择针对目标 编制相应理由 端给对方06、 不论何种形式的谈判通常都分为三个主要部分,即 谈判当事人 谈判标的 谈判背景07、 谈判按照谈判地点可以分为三类: 客座谈判 主座谈判 客主座轮流谈判08、 谈判者的谈判信息主要是也 环境信息 谈判各方的企业信息 谈判对手的信息 等为基础的。09、 谈判主持人的职责有 纽带作用 指挥作用 接口作用 寻找妥协点10、 合同正文谈判涉及哪三项 正文框架结构 框架条件 谈判组织11、 谈判探询四个原则 严谨性 回旋性 亲和性 策略性12、国际商务谈判含 国 际 、 商 务 和 谈 判 三个部分。13、国际商务谈判构成的要素有: 谈判标的 、 谈判当事人 和 谈判背景。14、探询的方法有:直接探询、间接探询两种。探询应遵循: 严谨性 、 回旋性 、 亲和性和 策略性原则 。15、谈判终结的方式有: 成交 、 终止 和 破裂 三种情况。16、主持人在首场谈判开场时,应抓好四个环节: 介 绍 、 入 座 、 开场白 和 掌握气氛 。17、谈判主持人主持业务中的总结目的有四个: 备 忘 、 调 整 、 汇 报 和 终结 。18、主持人主持谈判的因素主要包括:谈判目标、 谈判对手、 谈判时间、 谈判环境 和 投入的人员。19、谈判手的礼仪包括谈判手的 服 饰、 举 止 和 谈 吐 。20、谈判手做戏的目的有: 诚恳态度 、 山穷水尽 、 时不我待 。21、谈判手的谈吐包括: 距 离 、 手 势 、 眼 神 、 音 调 、 用 语 。22、谈判中做戏的原则有: 局部与全局 、 场 合 、 逻辑性 和 背景原则 。23、谈判思维艺术的表现形式有:散射思维、快速思维和逆向思维。24、商务谈判策略的作用有: 起好锚 、 稳好舵 、 撑好船 、 管好人 和 靠好岸 。25、商务谈判策略的运用要根据谈判对象的: 地 位 、 经 验 、 态 和 性 格 。26、国际商务谈判的用语分为: 外交用语 、 商业法律用语 、 文学用语 和 军事用语 。27、商业法律用语具有: 通用性 、 刻板性 和 严谨性 。28、国际商务谈判的决策按谈判目标分为:战略决策和战术决策 ,按谈判地点分为:场内决策 和 场外决策。29、国际商务谈判的经济背景包括: 市场状态 、 宏观经济环境 和 交易企业的经济状况。30、签约后合同生效前的重建谈判原因有: 合同全部延迟 、 部分合同内容延迟 、 撤销合同 、 其他宏观经济原因 和 市场背景变化引起的技术和产品不符合要求 。31、谈判班子的组成要体现: 业务实力 、 社会地位 和 工作效率 。二、 选择题(每题3分,共12分)01、 所有谈判标的的共同谈判目标是( C )。 C )划分责、权、利02、下列哪个不是谈判终结的谈判结果终结的方式( D ) D )僵持03、下列哪个不是谈判一线的当事人( D )。 D )领导04、谈判主持人的职责要求是( A ) A ) 要追求最大利益,更要追求妥协的满足05、谈判手感情表现形式可以分为三类( A ) A ) 面部表现、身体表达、言语表达06、 合同附件的谈判原则是( B )B ) 同合同正文挂钩,同价格挂钩07、 谈判相持中的灵活规则主要体现在对( C )手段的应用上。C ) 沉默和重复08、 下列哪个是谈判做吸的原则( C )C ) 讲力度、讲场合、讲背景、讲逻辑性09、谈判伦理观的本质是( B )B ) 谈判手的进取精神10、国际商务谈判中与敌对国家的谈判应首先突出:( a ) a“禁运”11、所有谈判标的的共同谈判目标是( c ) c划分责、权、利12、准合同谈判的“准”是指( b ) b有先决条件13、谈判间接探询中间人的选择首先考虑其( a ) a信誉和能力14、谈判中价格解释重点应搞清( b ) b价格构成15、谈判中中青年谈判手着装应( c ) c反差鲜明16、谈判手在谈判中需用黑板时行姿要( a ) a稳健且不紧不慢17、谈判中谈判手“失言”的正确处理方法是( c ) c承认错误18、谈判过程中谈判手应坚持( c ) c主动伦理规范和被动伦理规范结合19、下列属于谈判中的“禁区”的有( c ) c引起诉讼20、以成交结束谈判时,主持人应含三项内容:( b ) b清理、部署、可能的保留21、在紧张状态下续会,主持人应追求谈话艺术,常见方式有( a ) a比拟方式,修饰方式22、谈判握手应注意( abcd )a握手的顺序 b握手的力度 c握手的时间 d握手的眼神23、推理的形式有( abc )a归纳推理 b类比推理 c演绎推理24、谈判中下列属于攻心战的有( ab )a鸿门宴 b借恻隐25、谈判中军事用语具有( bcd )特点a严谨性 b干脆 c坚定性 d自信26、谈判中战略决策是指( bd )b谈判总目标决策 d谈判总体策略27、谈判相持中应灵活运用( ad )a 沉默 d重复28、谈判主持人的最主要的职责是( cd )c追求最大利益 d追求妥协的满足29、谈判过程中应关注谈判的对象的( abcd )a 决定权 b年龄 c性别 d关系30、重建谈判具有代表性的原则( abcd )a 连贯原则 b简捷原则 c中庸原则 d对口原则31、谈判伦理的本质是( a ) a进取精神三、名词解释(每题4分,共20分)01、 价格解释:是对交易条件中数字化与文字化表述的价值条件于以明确的总称。02、 探询:是交易个方面的谈判手依据谈判任务寻找、了解交易对象的活动、搜寻有关资料的工作。03、 国际商务谈判:就不同国家、附属多个国家的法律标准的交易进行的讨论、协商。04、 特殊谈判:指从组织谈判的角度看,与正常贸易谈判不同的谈判。05、 散射思维:指在谈判中同时对谈判议题发个方面进行全方位扫描的思维形式。06、决策程序:指谈判决策的产生过程。07、妥协:指讨价还价后,谈判各方根据自己的目标和力量,对解决双方尚存在的分歧所做的最后努力。08、国际商务谈判:指就不同国家、附属多个国家的法律标准的交易进行的讨论、协商。09、主动伦理标准:是谈判手从本身的认识和修养出发用以约束自己谈判言行的道德标准。10、商务谈判信息:指那些与谈判活动有关直接或者间接联系的各种情况及其属性的客观描述。四、 问答题(每题10分,共30分)01、 先期探询时,如何制造“冷与热”?“冷”与“热”的控制点是探询方式的用语及次数,不同的方式可以表示不同的“急度”,可以取得不同的探询效应;在用语问题上,保持平衡尤为重要;此外,把握好探询的次数也是个重要的问题。02、 谈判手的个性追求上,应该要求实现什么双重个性?应该追求的是生活中的自然个性和谈判中的自在个性。03、 选用各种策略时,应该分别注意什么?1)对象(包括地位、经验、态度、性格) 2)内容 3)阶段04、 国际商务中“国际”的标准是什么?经济标准 司法标准 地域标准 引用标准05、谈判标的物在国际市场可出于何种地位?不同地位给谈判带来何种特征?答:(1)垄断市场 谈判特征:不可谈判性,攻防意识强,谈判层次高。 (2)供大于求 谈判特征:运用优势、巧用心计 (3)求大于供 谈判特征:运用优势、巧用心计(4)供求平衡 谈判特征:相互选择性强,易于理解对方,破坏平衡欲望强。06、合作者地位的谈判有哪些特点?答:(1)共同语言多,对抗性小;(2)谈判面广而深;(3)谈判直截了当;(4)影响面大。07、统一对外联合谈判对主持人有哪些要求? 答:掌握联合背景、掌握联合谈判的运作、掌握联合谈判的利弊转化、掌握关键细节的处理技术08、谈判中谈判手心理的“惧”的是如何表现的?答:(1)还价时怕还不好价,使谈判破裂;怕破裂的局面招助手埋怨;怕自己的地位受影响。 (2)使用边缘政策时,担心是否奏效。 (3)做重大或陌生问题的决策时,产生恐惧心理。09、谈判手在谈判过程中会存在几种个人追求? 答:(1)为了完成任务 (2)为了客户而谈判 (3)为了企业和国家利益而谈判(4)为了出风头 (5)为了晋升 (6)为了发财10、国际商务谈判面谈时的基本程序可归纳为“横七竖六”,“横七”和“竖六”分别是指什么?答:“横七”是指:1、探询 2、准备: 3、谈判: 4、小结 5、再谈判 6、终结 7、重建谈判“竖六”是指:a:解释 b:评论 c:讨价 d:还价 e:讨价还价 f:妥协11、签约后合同生效前的重建谈判原因有哪些?答:(1)合同全部延迟、 (2)部分合同内容延迟、 (3)撤销合同、(4)其他宏观经济原因和市场背景变化引起的技术和产品不符合要求。五、 综合论述题(18分)谈谈你对商务谈判策略的认识。(要求:结合所学知识及你对这一问题的认识来回答,不低于350字)结合教材第七单元“商务谈判策略”以及每一个人对这一问题的认识自由发挥。五、 案例分析(15分)日某公司向中国某公司购买电石,此时,是他们交易的第五个年头。去年谈价时,日方压了中方30美圆/吨,今年又要压20/吨,即从410美圆/吨压到390美圆/吨。据日方讲,他已拿到多家报价,有430美圆/吨,有370美圆/吨,又有390美圆/吨。而据中方了解,370美圆/吨是个体户的报价,430美圆/吨是生产能力较小的工厂供的货。供货厂的厂长和中方公司的代表共4人组成了谈判小组,由中方公司代表为主谈。谈前,工厂厂长与中方公司代表达成了价格共同的意见,工厂可以在390美圆成交。因为工厂需要定单连续生产。公司代表讲,对外不能说,价格水平我会掌握。公司代表又向其主管领导汇报,分析价格形式,主管领导认为价格不取最低,因为我们是大公司,讲质量,讲服务。谈判中可以灵活,但是步子要小,若在400美圆以上拿下可以成交拿不下时把价格定在405-410美圆之间,然后主管领导再出面谈。请工厂配合。 中方公司代表将此意见向工厂厂长转达,并达成共识和工厂厂长一起在谈判桌争取该条件。中方公司代表为主谈。经过交锋,价格仅降了10美圆/吨,在400美圆成交。 问题:1、 怎么评价谈判结果?2、 在该谈判中方组织与主持有何经验? 答案要点:1、 谈判结果基本上应该肯定,因为仍然处在中高档的价格水平。2、 中方组织上基本成功,主要原因:市场调查较好有量有性;分工明确价格由公司代表谈;准备方案到位有线、有审、有防。五、论述题1、论述国际商务谈判和国内商务谈判的差异。答题要点:1、地域不同 2、支付手段不同 3、适用的法律不同 4、参与者不同 5、行政干预程度不同 6、随意性不一样2、论述商务谈判终结时应遵循的基本原则。答题要点:1、彻底性原则 2、不二性原则 3、条法性原则 4、情理兼备性原则3、论述商务谈判的职业道德观和社会阶层与地位的道德观。答题要点:谈判手的职业道德观:礼、诚、信谈判手的社会阶层与地位的道德观: 1、责任感 2、集团利益感 3、守约商务谈判实务模拟试题及答案一、填空题(每空1分,共10分)1、按谈判的地点可以把谈判分为主座谈判、_谈判、_谈判。2、谈判桌上要求越多,所得到的_(越多/越少)。3、谈判策略主要包括_政策、_、一揽子交易、_政策。4、谈判的终结方式有_、_、_。5、索赔的主要依据是_。二、单项选择题(每题1分,共10分)1、_关系型_性格谈判对手对成功期望高、关系要求高、权力要求低。2、下列哪种说法不正确_原则谈判理论主张谈判重点应放在利场上而不是利益上_A、原则谈判理论是由美国哈佛大学教授罗杰费希尔提出B、原则谈判理论主张谈判重点应放在利场上而不是利益上C、原则谈判理论认为衡量谈判成功的标准是谈判的价值D、谈判的结果是各方公平协商的结果而不应该是某一方的意志决定3、下列哪种合同以其它合同的成立为前提_从合同_4、非原装短缺引起的货物实际数量少于提单所列的数量属于_承运方_方责任。5、谈判过程中发现对方克意营造低调气氛,若不扭转会损害本文的切实利益,可以用下列哪种开局策略_进攻式开_。6、下列四种提问方式易引起他人的焦虑_归纳成结论_。7、下列哪个选项不是商务谈判的特点_谈判条件的原则性和不可伸缩性_8、需要理论是由_查勒德-尼尔伦伯格_提出的9、在商务谈判中,双方地位平等是指双方在_法律_上的平等。10、商务谈判中,作为摸清对方需要,掌握对方心理的手段是_问_。三、多项选择题(每题2分,共16分)1、商务谈判的基本要素有_。A、谈判当事人 B、谈判议题C、谈判目的 D、谈判地点2、当商务谈判陷入僵局时,以下技巧有助于改变气氛_。A、改变谈判话题 B、改变谈判环境C、改变谈判日期 D、更换谈判人员3、.国际经济贸易活动中解决争端的普遍的、基本的方式是_。 A.第三方协调 B.仲裁 C.诉讼 D.贸易报复4、选择自己所在单位作为谈判地点的优势有_。 A.便于侦察对方 B.容易寻找借口 C.易向上级请示汇报 D.方便查找资料与信息5、进行报价解释时必须遵循的原则是_。 A.不问不答 B.有问必答 C.避实就虚 D.能言不书6、涉外商务合同签订的内容包括_。A、品名条款 B、品质条款C、数量条款 D、包装条款7、商务谈判人员的性格种类有_。A、贪权人 B、说服者C、执行者 D、接受者8、商务谈判成败的评价标准包括_。A、谈判目标 B、谈判效率C、人际关系 D、谈判协议四、简答题(本大题共4小题,每小题6分,共24分)1、谈判的特点及构成要素。2、提问的功能。3、谈判策略的作用。4、开局策略的基本要求。五、论述题 (10分)商务谈判中,我们为什么会遇到僵局,遇到僵局时,我们该如何处理六、案例分析题(30分)1、1984年,山东某市塑料编织袋厂厂长获悉日本某株式会社准备向我国出售先进的塑料编织袋生产线,立即出马与日商谈判。谈判桌上,日方代表开始开价240万美元,我方厂长立即答复:“据我们掌握情报,贵国某株式会社所提供产品与你们完全一样,开价只是贵方一半,我建议你们重新报价。”一夜之间,日本人列出详细价目清单,第二天报出总价180万美元。随后在持续9天的谈判中,日方在130万美元价格上再不妥协。我方厂长有意同另一家西方公司做了洽谈联系,日方得悉,总价立即降至120万美元。我方厂长仍不签字,日方大为震怒,我方厂长拍案而起:“先生,中国不再是几十年前任人摆布的中国了,你们的价格,你们的态度都是我们不能接受的!”说罢把提包甩在桌上,里面那些西方某公司设备的照片散了满地。日方代表大吃一惊,忙要求说:“先生,我的权限到此为止,请允许我再同厂方联系请示后再商量。”第二天,日方宣布降价为110万美元。我方厂长在拍板成交的同时,提出安装所需费用一概由日方承担,又迫使日方让步。请分析下列问题:我方厂长在谈判中运用了怎样的技巧?我方厂长在谈判中稳操胜券的原因有哪些?请分析日方最后不得不成交的心理状态。商务谈判试卷答案一、填空题(每空1分,共10分)1、主座、中立地 2 、越多 3、边缘 、折中进退、冷冻 4、合同5、成交、中止、破裂二、单项选择题(每题1分,共10分)BBCCD ADBCA三、多项选择(每题2分,共16分)1、ABC 2、ABCD 3、BC 4、CD 5、ABCD 6、ABCD 7、ABC 8、ABC四、简答题(每题5分,共20分)1、谈判的特点及构成要素特点:(1)谈判主体是相互独立的利益主体(2)谈判的目的是经济利益(3)谈判的中心议题是价格要素:(1)谈判主体(2)谈判议题(3)谈判背景2、提问的功能。(1)引起他人的注意 (2)取得情报(3)说明自己的感受 ,把消息传出给对方(4)让对方好好的去思考(5)归纳成结论3、谈判策略的作用。(1)创造良好的开端 (2)掌握前进的方向(3)控制谈判的进程 (4)促进双方合作(5)保证理想的结局4、开局策略的基本要求。(1)遵循开局的原则 (2)探测对方情况,了解对方虚实(3)引起谈判对方的注意与兴趣(4)正确估计自己的能力 (5)讲究“破冰”技巧(6)掌握谈判主动权五、论述题(10分)商务谈判中,我们为什么会遇到僵局,遇到僵局时,我们该如何处理原因:(一)谈判双方立场观点对立导致僵局(二)沟通障碍导致谈判僵局(三)谈判外部环境的改变导致僵局(四)谈判人员素质欠佳导致僵局(五)在谈判中,由于一方言行不慎,伤害对方的感情或使对方丢面子,也会形成谈判的僵局,而且这种僵局最难处理。(六)谈判一方故意制造谈判僵局如何处理:1 运用谈判语言打破僵局2 采取横向式的谈判3 适当馈赠礼品4 运用休会策略打破僵局5 找对方漏洞借题发挥6 更换谈判人员或由领导出面打破僵局基本要求:1、条理清晰,逻辑严密。2、叙述简洁流畅,结合案例进行分析。3、如能联系当前我国商务谈判的实际情况进行发挥,可适当加分六、案例分析题(30分)基本要点:1、我方谈判技巧: (1)报价技巧(策略)(2)协商技巧(策略)(3)语言技巧(策略)(4)合同签订技巧(策略)2、我方在谈判中稳操胜券的原因: (1)准备充分,资料翔实,信息完备。(2)讲究谈判策略和技巧,在谈判中应对有方,有条不紊。 (3)考虑总体和长远利益,同时顾及到细节问题。 3、日方最后不得不成交的心理状态:(1)信息不充分,败在准备仓促。(2)谈判策略和技巧不够,态度过于强硬。(3)敬佩对方的实力、经验和尊严。基本要求:1、条理清晰,逻辑严密。2、叙述简洁流畅,结合案例进行分析。3、如能联系当前我国商务谈判的实际情况进行发挥,可适当加分请您务必删除一下内容,O(_)O万分谢谢!2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全,电大期末考试必备小抄,电大考试必过小抄Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailands Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the free-visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that countrys missions inBeijing,Shanghai,GuangzhouorHong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassys information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: Weve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced. During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiting China, says Darmosumarto. In 2013, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2013. Bali isnt just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities, says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesias national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, inGuangdongprovince, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is also known as the Paris of Java, is ideal for adventure-seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embassy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts world-class surfing facilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara Islands. Recently, Lombok, a sister island east of Bali has gotten so much attention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are offering twin packages for Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from May to October, when it doesntrainmuch and the weather is cool. At press time, a weeklong package from Shanghai or Guangzhou to Bali was a little more than 3,000 yuan ($480) on Ctrips website. Chinese tourists have taken a shine to rafting in Ubud, sightseeing in Tanah Lot, and surfing and diving in Nusa Lembongan, says Dai. Civet coffee, essential oil and woodcarvings are among the most popular products for Chinese tourists in Indonesia, she says. Indonesian food is also something that visitors shouldnt miss. Local cuisines feature many spices, including peppers and cloves, and coconut pulp. Fried rice, dirty duck and roast suckling pig are recommended. Childrens illustration books first appeared in the 1600s in Europe. Their passage to China, however, took much longer, roughly 300 years. In China, childrens illustration books have a history of just 100 years and their development can be divided into four stages. From early 1900s to mid 1900s, a large number of books and magazines with illustrations appeared with the fast development of the modern publishing industry. The illustrationarts at that time were a mixed genre of Chinese traditionalpaintings and the westernstyle, and most of the stories originate from the fundamental changes that China experienced after the collapse of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the warlord struggles and the war against the Japanese invasion. The second stage was from mid 1900s to late 1970s, when the cultural revolution (1966-76) ended. The fast development of some special publishing houses for children gave birth to a large number of illustration-story books, which made a good use of folk art techniques, such as wood board carving, frescoes, and ink and wash painting, etc. Many of the popular stories are from Chinese history and wars after 1900s. The third stage is from early 1980s to late 1990s, a golden period for the development of childrens illustration books. The reform and opening-up brought in new concepts and ideas from the West to China, a country that had been closed to the West for nearly three decades. Fast development of economy, society and culture provided the writers and painters with a lot of inspiration to create new literature works and draw illustrations. China also imported large amounts of childrens illustration books from the West and Japan. Many young parents in China have a strong nostalgia about childrens illustration books they read in the 1980s and 1990s. This is also the last era in Chinas artistic innovation before the advent of the Internet period. The fourth stage is featured with the spread of the Internet and the other computerized means of art innovation. The hand-drawn childrens illustration books are gradually replaced by cartoons drawn and copied by software and machines, and shown on tablets, computers, television and smart phones, instead of books. Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden is natures haven, with no less than 4,000 rare birds and animals representing 200 species. With tropical forest covering over 90 percent of its area, the garden offers beautiful views of a wide range of tropical plants, flowers and fruit trees. The scenic spot about 25 kilometers from the center of Haikou offers a drive-thru safari tour where you can get up close with elephants, lions and bears. The Safari on Foot area features walking trails where visitors can see the rest of the animals, including hippos and monkeys, and feed them for a small fee. Visitors also can see what happens when you breed a lion and a tiger. Two unique attractions are rare hybrids: a liger, the offspring of a mallion and a female tiger and a tigon, which is created by a female lion and a male tiger. As ateaching center of the National Popular Science Education program, the park also serves as a second classroom for students to learn about wildlife and plants. Since it was established in 1995, it has received more than one million student visitors. At a crucial moment when pessimism has brought the Greek crisis to such a head that the country is closer to a default on its debt repayments than ever, Li offered a spark of enthusiasm to restart the stalled talks by calling on Greece and its creditors to reach a last-minute deal that will allow Greece to remain in the eurozone. Given the escalation of the countrys crisis over the weekend sent a shock wave through the global stock markets on Monday, there are ample reasons to worry about the uncertainties surrounding the events in Greece and the effect a default would have on Europe, relations between China and the EU, global financial stability and the nascent global economic recovery. Greece has announced that it will hold a referendum on a bailout plan proposed last week by the countrys creditors. In response, Greeces eurozone partners have refused to extend the countrys bailout program and the European Central Bank capped its emergency support for the countrys banks. A real danger now looms of Greece exiting the euro, which might derail the global economic recovery and damage the long-term viability of the euro as a currency. However, such a tragedy is neither certain nor unavoidable. The EU should shoulder its responsibility to prevent the Greek crisis from overshadowing the fragile global recovery. As a major customer and supplier of the 28-nation EU, and a responsible long-term holder of Eurobonds, Chinas confidence in and commitment to a strong eurozone offers EU leaders the necessary support to look at the Greek crisis from a broader and longer perspective. When Li said that China will not only consider a China-EU investment platform to back European Commission President Jean-Claude Junckers plan to revive the European economy, but also buy more bonds issued by the European Investment Bank, EU leaders should be clear that China wants to see the EU maintain its integrity and a forward trajectory. Such a confidence-building effort is particularly valuable, especially from such a large country as China which already has a huge stake and seeks to further expand it in a strong eurozone. It will be a tragedy to allow inaction over the Greek crisis to stand in the way of growth-boosting Sino-EU cooperation. Like a shining pearl, West Lake is the symbol of Hangzhou city. From ancient times, many poems have praised the amazing scenery of the lake. At the very beginning, the West Lake was a part of the Qiantang River. In the year 822, Bai Juyi, a famous poet and an officer of the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907), suggested to build a stronger causeway to store water so that the lake was doubled in size. And during the Song Dynasty (AD 960-1279), many temples and pagodas were built due to a Buddhist revival, and the look of West Lake was formed at that time.The West Lake is quite big and features different classic views from different locations. Technically, there are ten scenes which were marked by Emperor Qianlong with four-character inscriptions 200 years ago, such as the Melting Snow on the Broken Bridge and Sunset Glow over Leifeng Pagoda.
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