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竞争力1对1 英语学科个性化教学辅导教案 学生曾思齐年级Grade 9上课地点益田校区第 次授课授课时间2014年 月 日 星期 学科老师杨芬学顾老师冯燕晨教学课题形容词和副词教学目标形容词变副词；形容词辨析；比较级和最高级的构成及运用；教学重、难点形容词变副词；形容词辨析；比较级和最高级的构成及运用；教学内容作业完成情况： 优 良 中 差Lesson1形容词和副词 一、 形容词及其用法1. 形容词分类及位置： 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1） 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot。2）叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。（错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill.（错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后。例如：something nice. 2. 以-ly结尾的形容词 1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错： （错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。例如： The Times is a weekly paper. 时代周刊为周刊。 The Times is published weekly. 时代周刊每周发行一期。3. 形容词用法：用形容词表示类别和整体 1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。例如： The poor are losing hope. 穷人行将失去希望。2） 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。例如： The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。 4 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 （口诀： 县官行令色国材） 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词-数词-描绘词-（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）-出处-材料性质-类别-名词。例如： a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例题:1） Tony is going camping with _ boys. A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other little D.little other two 答案：C。由限定词-数词-描绘词-（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色） -性质-名词的顺序可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。2） One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stoneB. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old 答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。3） - How was your recent visit to Qingdao? - It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the _days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词，如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。二 副词及其基本用法 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。1、副词的位置1） 在动词之前。2） 在be动词、助动词之后。 3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意： a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如： We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。 b. 方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如：He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。2、副词的排列顺序：1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如： Please write slowly and carefully. 请写得慢一些，仔细一些3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错：（错）I very like English. （对）I like English very much. I dont know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。 There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。 【拓展】 兼有两种形式的副词 1） close与closely close意思是近；closely 意思是仔细地。例如： He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。 Watch him closely. 盯着他。2） late 与lately late意思是晚；lately 意思是最近。例如： You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。 What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗？3） deep与deeply deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地。例如： He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。 Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。4） high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如： The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。 I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。5） wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方。例如： He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。6） free与freely free的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地。例如： You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。 You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以畅所欲言，想说什么就说什么。 7）hard/hardlyhard“努力地，辛苦地”；“剧烈地，猛烈地”是程度副词。hardly“几乎不”，是否定副词。e.g.We should study hard as students. 作为学生，我们应该努力学习。I can hardly catch up with you, can you walk slowly? 我几乎赶不上你了，你能走慢一点吗？例题： How was the weather yesterday? -It was terrible. It rained _. People could _ go out. A. hardly; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard; hard D. hard; hardly 三、副词易混知识清单1how long，how soon，how often,how far例题：1. _ have you lived in Beijing? For ten year.2. _ will your father come back? He will come back in a week. 3. _ do you play football? Once a week. 4. _ is it from here to your home? Only 200 meters away. A. How often B. How far C. How long D.how soon 总结：how long“多久，多长时间”，是对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for+段时间”和“since+点时间”回答。how soon“多快，多久以后”，是对一个短暂性动词提问，用于一般将来时句子中，常用“in+段时间”回答。how often“多长时间一次”，对频度提问，常用“once，twice，three times a week”等回答。how far“多远”，对距离提问。2much too/too much，enough， too manymuch too“非常，极其，太”much和too都是副词，much修饰too，用以加强语气，中心词是too，much too修饰形容词或副词原级。too much“太多”，中心词是much，too修饰much，以加强语气，too much修饰不可数名词。与too many相对，但too many修饰可数名词。e.g.The skirt is much too dear. 这裙子太贵了。Please dont eat too much ice-cream, its bad for your health. 不要吃太多的冷激凌，它对身体不好。There are too many people in the supermarket. 超市里人太多了。3too/also/eithertoo一般不用于否定句，常放在句尾。also用于肯定句和疑问句，常放在be动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前。either用于否定句，常放在句尾。e.g.You are a student, I am a student, too. 你是学生，我也是学生。They are also students. 他们也是学生。I dont like the film, either. 我也不喜欢这部电影。4already/yetalready常用于肯定句。yet常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。e.g.I have already finished my homework.我已经完成了家庭作业。 Have you finished your homework yet?你完成了你的家庭作业吗？I havent had lunch yet. 我还没有吃午餐呢。5. alone与lonely的区别例题：His grandparents live _ in a small house, but they dont feel _.A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D.alone; alone4、 常见的形容词及比较级和最高级的构成（规则变化）：1） 规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttalltallertallest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-estbusybusierbusiest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-estclever/narrowcleverer/ narrowercleverest/ narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级important/ easilymore important/ more easilymost important/ most easily2）特殊变化： 原级比较级最高级good/ wellbetterbestmany/ muchmoremostbad / badly（坏地）illlittleoldolder（年龄）/ elder(辈份)oldest/ eldestfarfarther距离/ further（深奥的）farthest/ furthestI. 形容词原级的用法：表示两者相等。1.表示两者“相等”用，as+形容词或副词原级+比较对象: (A as 原级 B )E.g 他和我一样高。 He is as _ (tall) as I/me. 汤姆跑得和你一样快 Tom runs _ _ _you Lily 的英语和你说的一样好 _2 表示“不如”， “不相等”时，用“not+as/so+形容词/adv原级+as+比较对象”。他没我高。He is _ _ (tall) as me.今天没有昨天暖和。Today is _ _ _(warm) _ yesterday. =Yesterday _ _ than today.他昨天来得没有我早。He _ come _ early as I (did) yesterday.3. “用twice 等表示倍数的词+ as +adj/ adv原级as”表示甲是乙的几倍。这间房是那间房的两倍。This room is _ as big as that one.II. 形容词比较级的用法：表示两者（人或物）的比较。 比较级+than从句表示两者比较（ A 比较级+than B ）. 他比我高。He is _ (tall) than me. Tom比我胖。 Tom is _ (fat) than me. 谁跑得快些，Lucy 还是Lily？ Who runs _, Lucy or Lily? 2.“比较级 +and+ 比较级”表示“越来越” 天气越来越冷了。Its getting _ and _(cold)3. “The+ 比较级，the+ 比较级”表示“越，就越越多越好 The _, the _.4. A + be/V. +比较级+than +any other +单数名词 “A 比其他任何一个都E.g Liu Xiang runs faster than any other athlete. = Liu Xiang runs faster than the other athletes.5.“ A+be +the +adj 比较级+of the two+” ,表示“A是两者中较的”E.g Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.注意： 比较级前可用much / a lot / far( 得多)， a little（稍微） ,still, no, even（甚至）, any 等表示程度；形容词、副词前如有：very, too, quite（非常）, rather（相当）等修饰，一般用原级。典型例题：1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now. A. any wellB. any betterC. quite goodD. quite better答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C.much D.more much答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D.a much happier time答案：D。. 形容词最高级的用法：表示三者或三者以上（人或物）的比较,其中有一个超过其他几个。形容词最高级前要加the，后面通常带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围（of 后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类；in 表示时间或空间范围）。在我们班上他最高。 He is _ ( tall) _ our class.玛丽是这三个学生中最小的。Mary is _ (young) _ the three students.1) 表示“最的之一”时， 用“one of+ the +最高级+名词复数”E.g China is one of the largest countries in the world.2) 表示“第几最”时，形容词最高级前面可以加序数词。E.g The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.3) “用Which/ who is +the+ 最高级, A ,B or C ?” 表示“A , B和C， 哪一个最”E.g Which do you like best, apple, orange or pear ? 苹果，橘子和梨子，你最喜欢哪一个？【Exercise】一出下列单词的比较级1.tall_2.quiet_ 3.funny_4.heavy_5.thin_6.big_7.outgoing_8.wild_9.little_10.good_11.bad_12.many_二、单选题1.Tina is _ than Linda.A.shortB.more shorterC.shorterD.shorter2.This question is _ than that one.A.easyerB.more easy C.easy D.easier3.Im _ younger than her.A.a fewB.a littleC.littleD.few4.My friend is the same _ me.A.toB.asC.with D.in5.The girl is as _ as her mother.A.beautifulB.more beautifulC.beautifulerD.more beautifuler6.Lily is _ of the two.A.tallerB.tallestC.the tallerD.tall7.The box is _ heavier than that one.A.muchB.very C.more D.so8. Eighteen kids died in the school bus accident in Gansu Province.Its _one that I have ever heard of.A. A very serious B. A more serious C. The most serious D. The least serious9. The Old Town of Lijiang is _with tourists for its beautiful old buildings.A. Popular B. Famous C. Special D. Different10. -Theres a smile on Miss Gaos face. She must be _with Sams work.-I think so.No one did as _as him in our class.A. Angry, well B. Pleasing,good C. Strict,good D. Pleased, well11. -The doctor told me _too much, but I find it difficult. -The doctor is right. The less you drink,_you will be.A. Dont drink ; the healthier B. Not to drink; the healthierC. Not to drink; the more healthier D. Dont drink;healthier12. The actress is already 50,but she looks _than she really is.A. Young B. More young C. More younger D. Much younger13. -The cake looks _. -Yes., and it tastes even _.A. Well, good B. Nice,better C. Good ;worse D.better;best14. -The teacher looked at her students _when they were saved. -We also felt _for them.A. Happily;happy B. Happy;happily C.happy; happy D.happily;happily三、同义句。1.He is 14 years old. His friend is 12 years old. =His friend is _ _ him.2.Our bikes are not the same as theirs. =Our bikes are _ _ theirs.3.He is healthier than his friend. =He _ _ _ of the two.4.The girl is smarter than her classmates.=The girl is smarter than_ _ _ in her class.5.He is less popular than her.He is not _ popular _ her. She is _ _ than him二形容词和副词比较级的用法（综合）级别比较程度表达方式和意义例 句备 注原级同等程度肯定形式As+原级+as(像一样)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can.否定形式not + so (as) +原级+as(不如那样)English is not so difficult as science.She does not study so well as I do. 比较级不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than(比)Jim is older than Lucy.I like pork better than beef.比较级前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越）The + 比较级，the + 比较级（越, 越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand.最高级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高级+of (in)(最)Spring is the best season of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。 （1）和冠词连用the 形容词原级v(复)，指一类人或物the 形容词比较级，指两者中“较的”的那一个 eg. the younger of the two a/ an 形容词比较级 eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one. ( a) most形容词最高级“非常”eg. a most beautiful city( 2 ) 相关结构1) 原级比较：肯定句 as.as., 否定句not so / as.as.2) 比较句： 比较级 than.或more (less) .than.The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.(注意代词that的用法)3) 比较级 and比较级 或 more and more比较级 “越来越 ”richer and richer, more and more interesting4) The more., the more.“越， 越”The more you look at the picture, the better you will like it.5）最高级of/ in/ among. He is the tallest of the three/ among them/ in is class.相关词语辨析1.very 和much A）very修饰形容词、副词的原级；much修饰比较级；修饰动词用much或very much ,eg. I very like English.(), 因改为：I like English very much.B) 表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child .一般的情况下，以-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly /much shocked by the news about Tom. C) 已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exciting D）too前用much/ far ,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups. E)还有修饰词既不用very,也不用much. eg. be well worth doing, be well above the tree2. so和suchA)so 与such 的区别。so + 形容词 / 副词 so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 = such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 so + many/few + 可数名词复数so +much/ little + 不可数名词such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 such + 形容词 + 不可数名词/ 可数名词复数 注意： 但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress himself.判断正误：so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。同步练习：1.Dont make _noise.The baby is sleeping. A. so much B. so many C. such much D.such many 2. I like Tom and Ann.They are_people. A. such nice B.such a C. so nice D.so nice a3. I havent seen Ann for _long that I have forgotten what she looks like. A. such B.very C.so D.too4. He was _that he could run 5miles in 30minutes. A. so fast runner B.so a fast runner C. such fast runner D. such a fast runner练习与巩固选择最佳答案填空：1 Dont worry, sir. Im sure I can run _ to catch up with them. A. slowly enough B. enough slowly C. fast enough D. enough fast2. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little3. Its such an _ film that all the students are _ in it. A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested; interested4. Mingming got up very _,so he came to school half an hour _. A. late; lately B. lately; late C. lately; lately D. late; late5. I am _ worried about y parents health. A. some times B. sometime C. sometimes D. some times6. We dont have _ every day. A. a lot of school works B. many school work C. any school works D. much school work7. -Look! How fast the two horses are running! -Oh, yes! They are nearly _. A. up and down B. slower and slower C. more or less D. neck and neck8. _ children there are in family,_ their life will be. A. The less; the better B. The fewer; the better C. Fewer; richer D. More; poorer9. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _. A. more and more rich B. more rich and more rich C. richer and richer D. richer and richest10. Which lesson is _, this one or that one? A. difficult B. much difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult11. Of the two Australian students , Masha is _ one. I think you can find her easily. A, tallest B, the taller C. taller D. the tallest12. _ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge? A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How much13. In our city, it is _ in July, but it is even _ in August. A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter14. This pencil is _ that one. A. so long as B. as longer as C. longer than D. not as longest as 15. The harder the shrub is to grow, _.a. the more higher price it b. the higher price it isc. the higher the price is d. the higher is the price16. Beijing has _ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours. A. so B. very C. too D. much17. This box is _ heavy _ I cant carry it. A. too, to B. so, that C. very, that D. too, that18. India has the second _ population in the world. A. larger B. most C. smallest D. largest19. Mary received _ many postcards at Christmas. A. so B. such C. too D. even20. The cake smells _. Please throw it away. A. good B. badly C. bad D. well21. - What was the weather like yesterday? - It was terrible. It rained so _ that people could _ go out. A. hardlyhard B. hardly hardly C. hard hardly D. hard hard22. The meeting will be held in half an hour, but they havent got everything ready_. A. ever B. already C. yet D. still23. - What about the English novel? - Its not very difficult. There are only _ new words in it. A. few B. a few C. many D. a little24. How beautiful she sings! Ive never heard _. A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice25. Mr Smith always has _ to tell us. A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C.some good piece of news D. some piece of good new26. Im afraid the headmaster is _ busy to meet the visitors. A. too much B. much too C. so much D. very much27. - Dad , when will you be free? You agreed to go to the seaside with me four days ago. - I am sorry, Jean. But I think I will have a _ holiday soon. A. four-days B. four-day C. four days D. four day28. The scenery in Sanya looks _, especially Tian Ya Hai Jiao is _. A, well, best B. fine, the most famous C. nice, better D. beautifully, the best 29. The price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid _ he asked.a. three times much as b. three times as many as c. as three times much as d. three times as much as 30.he can play tennis better than _ in the class.a. any boys b. any other boy c. any boy d. any other 课后作业：1 单项选择语法篇1.What do you think of Toms speaking?No one does in our class.A. good
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