断层论文：断层采动效应及其工程应用研究.doc

断层论文：断层采动效应及其工程应用研究【中文摘要】矿井水害问题是影响和制约我国煤炭生产及煤炭产量的最大障碍之一。尤其是近几年来,随着矿井向深部的不断延伸,突水灾害愈发严重,其中80%突水事故都是由断层引起的。大量工程实例表明：绝大多数断层突水都是由采动影响所引发的。因此,对采动影响下断层及围岩的变形破坏规律的研究便成为防治断层突水的关键问题。本论文从断层活化突水的影响因素出发,以淮北矿区和大屯矿区煤系地层为基础,建立了不同的断层力学模型,采用数值模拟的手段,研究了不同影响因素下断层的采动效应特征。并结合龙东矿21煤试采区F6断层及任楼矿中五采区F5断层的实际,综合分析了采动影响下断层及围岩的变形破坏特征,结合理论计算,确定了防水煤柱宽度,为煤矿安全开采提供了科学依据。取得的主要成果如下：(1)在相同的开采条件下,不同影响因素下(地应力、断层与煤层距离)的含断层底板,其采动效应不同。水平应力越大,底板破坏深度愈大,水平应力在垂直应力的2倍以内时,断层的“屏蔽”作用明显。断层对底板破坏深度起控制作用,且断层距煤层越近,其控制作用越明显。大于此值时,断层“屏蔽”作用消失,其破坏不受断层影响。(2)通过正交实验法对断层落差、倾角、宽度对顶板采动效应影响做了研究,得出：断层带宽度对顶板冒落带影响最大,倾角次之,落差最小。而断层倾角对裂隙带的高度影响最大,断层带宽度次之,落差影响最小。倾角越小,裂隙带高度越大。(3)同一煤层断层两盘都开采,不同的开采顺序其采动效应不同。断层为正断层,单独开采两盘时,先开采上盘煤层对断层影响较大。先开采上盘再开采下盘时,由于受上盘开挖影响,导致断层影响带范围增大,对下盘开采不利。建议先从下盘开采；断层为逆断层时,先开采下盘对上盘开采不利,建议先从上盘开采。(4)断层一侧近距离煤层开采时,采动叠加效应的影响主要体现在对裂隙带高度的影响上。上部煤层的煤柱宽度对下部煤层的煤柱留设起决定性的作用,上部煤层的煤柱宽度较大时,下部煤层煤柱宽度可相应减小。图表参【英文摘要】The mine water calamity is one of the biggest obstacles to influence and restrict the coal production and output in our contoury.Especially in recent years, water inrush has become more serious as the mine continues to extend to the deep of earth,80 percent of water inrush accidents are caused by fault. A lot of engineering examples show that most of water inrush accidents are caused by mining effect. Therefore, the research of fault and surrounding rock deformation and damage law under the influence of mining became the key problem to prevenet water inrush through fault.This paper from the influence factors of water inrush through fault, based on the stratigraphic of HuaiBei coal mine and DaTun coal mine, build different models of fault, used the method of numerical simulation, study on the characteristics of mining effect of fault under the different impact factors. Combined with the priactice of the F6 fault in LongDong ore NO.21 coal mine and the F5 fault in the actual five mining area of RenLou mine, and analyzed the fault and surrounding rock deformation and damage characteristics under the influence of mining, and combined with the theoretical calculation, determine the waterproof pillar width and offer scientific basis for coal mining safety. The main conclusion and achievements are as follows:1) In the same mining condition, the different influence factors of the floor including faults (stress, the distance between fault and coal seam), their mining effect are different. The greater the horizontal stress is, the greater depth of the floor failure, when the horizontal stress is in 2 times of vertical stress.The fault “shielding” effect is obviously. The depth of damage in the floor are controled by fault, the closer distance of fault and coal seam, its control function is more obviously.When the value is greater than 2 times, the fault “shield” action disappeared, which the depth of damage in floor do not effect by fault.2) Research of the elements of the fault occurrence affect the mining effect of the roof by orthogonal experiment, concludes that the width of fault is the biggest influence factor on caving zone of roof, dip Angle is second,the divide is minimum. And the fault-dip is the biggest influence factor on fracture zone of roof, the width of fault is second, the divide is minimum. 3) The same coal seam are mined on both sides of fault, when the fault is normal fault, excavating on the hanging wall first, the additive effect of mining is significant. The width of footwall coal pillar should be more than the width of coal pillar when mined alone.Otherwise, the impact is not significant, it can be ignored. When the fault is reverse fault, excavating on the footwall first, the additive effect of mining is significant. The width of hanging wall coal pillar should be more than the width of coal pillar when mined alone. Otherwise, the impact is not significant, it can be ignored.4) Closed distance coal seam mining on one side of the fault, the additive effect of mining are mainly embodied in influencing the height of fracture zones. The width of upper coal pillars plays a decisive role for the lower part of pillar, when the upper seam pillar width is larger, the lower seam coal pillar width can be reduced accordingly.Figure 65 table 17 reference 51【关键词】断层 采动效应 数值模拟 多煤层采动 煤柱留设【英文关键词】fault mining effect numerical simulation multi-seam mining coal pillar【目录】断层采动效应及其工程应用研究摘要5-6Abstract6-7引言14-151 绪论15-231.1 研究意义151.2 国内外研究现状15-201.2.1 突水问题研究现状16-171.2.2 断层突水研究现状17-191.2.3 存在的问题19-201.3 研究内容20-221.4 论文工作概况22-232 断层突水影响因素分析23-282.1 断层的基本概念及类型23-242.1.1 基本概念23-242.1.2 断层分类242.2 断层活化影响因素分析24-262.2.1 断层活化过程24-252.2.2 断层活化影响因素25-262.3 断层突水影响因素分析26-283 断层采动效应数值模拟28-843.1 FLAC(3D)程序简介283.2 数值模型设计28-313.2.1 模型的建立28-293.2.2 模型建立的基本假设293.2.3 数值模拟材料及其屈服准则29-303.2.4 边界条件及初始应力303.2.5 参数的选择30-313.2.6 填充物的处理313.3 底板断层采动效应研究31-463.3.1 模型建立323.3.2 力学参数32-333.3.3 模拟方案确定333.3.4 模拟结果分析33-433.3.5 底板断层采动效应小结43-463.4 顶板断层采动效应研究46-593.4.1 模型建立473.4.2 力学参数47-483.4.3 模拟方案确定48-493.4.4 模拟结果分析49-563.4.5 顶板断层采动效应小结56-593.5 多煤层采动断层采动效应研究59-843.5.1 同一煤层断层两侧采动时采动效应研究59-743.5.1.1 模型建立59-603.5.1.2 力学参数603.5.1.3 模拟方案的确定60-613.5.1.4 模拟结果分析61-743.5.2 断层一侧近距离煤层开采时采动效应研究74-823.5.2.1 模型建立74-753.5.2.2 力学参数75-763.5.2.3 模拟结果分析76-823.5.3 本节小结82-844 断层采动效应工程应用84-954.1 21煤试采区F_6断层防水煤柱留设研究84-894.1.1 采区概况844.1.2 水文地质条件分析与评价84-854.1.3 F_6断层采动效应数值模拟85-894.2 任楼矿F_5断层防水煤柱留设研究89-924.2.1 F_5断层工程地质概况894.2.2 F_5断层水文地质条件分析与评价894.2.3 F_5断层煤柱留设数值模拟89-924.3 断层防水煤柱留设的理论计算92-944.3.1 F_6断层防水煤柱留设理论计算92-944.3.2 任楼F_5断层防水煤柱留设的理论计算944.4 本章小结94-955 结论95-97参考文献97-100附图100-101致谢101-102作者简介102