高中英语复合句知识讲解与训练.doc

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高中英语复合句知识讲解与训练一、名词性从句要点精讲与训练高考重点要求1掌握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构。2弄清名词性从句的连词意义，掌握其用法。3根据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词。名词从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。了解一下它们的属性。 如：从句 that they failed the entrance examination在下列4句中做什么成分. 1)_made all of their parents surprised. 2)They told their parents _. 3)The result is _. 4)The news _surprised their parents.下列四个句子中均可填入that they failed the entrance examination这个从句，都成立。从上例不难看出，从本质上讲，这四类句子的属性是相同的，即：都起名词作用，只不过称谓不同,在整个句子中担当成分不同而已。纵观历年高考名词从句试题，我们不难发现对复合句的考查重在连词，名词从句也不例外，基本上是针对引导词设题。引导词的分类：1连接代词：what , who ,whom ,whose , which ，whatever, whoever, whichever且这些词在从句中担当主、宾、表、定语作用。2连接副词：why, when , where, how 在从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式、程度状语。whether , if 在从句中不充当成分，但整个句式中不可缺少，用以体现事件的不确定性。3that 是名词从句中一个很活跃的词，但它只起连接作用，陈述某一事实，引导宾语从句时某些情况可以省略。针对如下情况，可进行对比： 1)_he will come to call on is uncertain . 2)_he will come to call on us is uncertain. 3)_ he will come to call on us makes us unhappy.从第一句中我们可以看出主语从句本身并不完整，缺少call on 的宾语，应加who;第二句中表语为uncertain ,可知主语部分为未知信息，可加入when, why ,how ,whether 等;第三句表一种已知事实，应加入that 。二that ,whether, if 在名词从句中的使用情况1that 在宾从中大多数情况下可以省略，在主、宾、表中不可省去。 但注意以下宾从中that 不可省。 I know nothing of him except that he is from Henan.(介词后宾从中的that不可省)whether ,if 宾语从句中可换用，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可用if。但注意在宾语从句中不能用if 的情况：It all depends on whether they will support us. (从句作介词宾语时不可用if) He doesnt know whether to stay or not. （后直接跟不定式时，不能用if） Please let me know if you like it.(这句是有双重意思的，如果视为宾语从句，就应换为whether.否则就引起歧义。三从句的区分1)He tells me his idea _we reduce the cost .2)We are discussing the idea_he came up with yesterday.第一句中we reduce the cost 应视为是idea 内容的一种说明，是同位语从句，而第二句中idea 可视为come up with 的宾语，缺少引导定从的关系代词that 或which ,当然可以省去关系代词。四分类复习中应注意的问题：1.在主语从句中it 的使用That he will come to the party is certain。表意上并没有错误，但实际上并不太符合用语习惯，因此采用it 作形式主语，使句式平衡。It is certain that he will come to the party.同样道理，it 也可用作形式宾语。2宾语从句中的情况1）时态的呼应问题。2）特殊句式：动词suggest, insist, demand, order ,request, require等引起的从句需用虚拟句式主语+should +原形动词,should也可省。He suggested that we should pay a visit to that town.(建议)但注意：What he said suggested that he had known the truth.(表明)同样，insistHe insisted that we do it at once.(坚持要做)He insisted that he had done nothing wrong.(坚持说一种事实)wish 引起从句时从句中时态常转为过去时态。I wish that there were no examinations in school.How he wishes he had worked hard in junior middle school!3. whatever与no matter whatIt is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wantsAwhatever Bno matter whatCwhenever Dno matter when此题应选A。容易误选B。选项C，D显然是错的，因为句中的wants缺宾语，而C，D两项不能作宾语。至于C，D的区别，可这样描述：no matter what只能引导状语从句，而不引导名词性从句。而whatever既可引导名词性从句（anything that），也可引导状语从句（no matter what）：1引导名词性从句（只用whatever）：无论他做什么都是对的。正：Whatever he did was right误：No matter what he did was right山羊找到什么就吃什么。正：Goats eat whatever they find误：Goats eat no matter what they find2引导状语从句（两者可换用）：无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。正：Whatever you say，I wont believe you正：No matter what you say，I wont believe you无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。正：Keep calm，whatever happens正：Keep calm，no matter what happens4. 如何区分引导名词性从句的what, thatI think _ he needs is more practiceYes _ he needs more practice is clearAwhat，What Bthat，ThatCwhat，That Dthat， What此题应选C。其余三项均可能被误选。What和that都可以引导名词性从句，但有区别：1what引导名词从句时，它在从句中要充当句子成分（主语、宾语等），而that引导名词从句时，它在从句中不能充当句子成分。2what引导名词从句时，它有词义（表示：什么；所的东西）；而that引导名词从句时，它没有词义。请做以下试题，注意区别what和that：1 _ you said is different from the thing _ he told us AWhat，what BThat，that CWhat，that DThat，what2I think he said is true But dont forget the fact _ he is a cheat Awhat，what Bthat，that Cwhat，that Dthat，what3 _ surprised us most is _ he spoke English so well AWhat，what BThat，that CWhat，that DThat，what答案：1C 2C 3C5.引导名词从句的whether与that _ well go camping tomorrow depenps on the weatherAIf BWhether CThat DWhen此题应选B。容易误选A，C。1关于if与whether：两者都可引导宾语从句，常可换用；但若引导主语从句，则用whether（不用if），排除A。又如：他是否会来还是个问题。误：If he will come is a question正：Whether he will come is a question2关于whether和that：两者都可引导主语从句，其区别主要应从句意来考虑：whether表示“是否”，由它引导的主语从句的意思通常是不确定的；that引导主语从句时，本身没有词义（that 在其它名词性从句中也没有词义），但是由that引导的整个主语从句的意思通常是确定的。试比较：1aThat well hold a meeting is decided我们要召开一次会议，这已决定了。 bWhether well hold a meeting is not decided我们是否要开一个会，这还没有决定。2aThat he has left here is clear他已离开了这儿，这点很清楚。 bWhether he has left here is not clear他是否已离开这儿，这还不清楚。3aThat he can finish it in two hours is clear bwhether he can finish it in two hours is a question6.引导名词性从句的what _ he said at the meeting astonished everyone presentAWhat BThe CIf DWhether此题应选A。选项C（if）显然不能选，因为if通常不能引导主语从句；选项B（that）和D（whether）虽然都可以引导主语从句，但两者除了意思不合题意外，还有它们在主语从句中都不充当句子成分，而此句中的he said缺宾语。在名词性从句中，what根据情况不同，可能有两方面的用法和意思：1用作连接代词，表示“什么”（由疑问词变来）：I dont know what he gave her我不知道他给了她什么。What he will say at the meeting is not known to us他在会上将说些什么，我们还不知道。2表示“所的（东西）”，在结构上相当于一个名词加一个定语从句（所以有人称这样用的what为关系代词型的what）：把你买的东西拿给我看。Show me what you boughtShow me the thing that you bought这是他想要的东西。This is what he wantsThis is the thing that he wants我们需要的是钱。What we need is moneyThe thing that we need is money高考题选1. These photographs will show you . (MET89)A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. bow our village looks like2. Can you make sure the gold ring? (MET90)A. where Mice had put B. where had Mice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put3. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _ _? (MET90)A. won t we B. will we C. don t we D. shall we4. Don t smoke in the meeting-room, ? (MET91)A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you5. -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? (MET91)-I dont know .A. nor dont I care B. nor do I careC.I dont care neither D.I dont care also6. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin. (MET91)A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy7. No one will be sure in a million years. (MET91)A. what will man look like B. what man will look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like8. He asked for the violin. (NMET92)A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid9. Be sure to write to us, ? (NMET93)A. will you B. arent you C. can you D. mustnt you10. it with me and Ill see what I can do. (NMET98)A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave11. youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. (NMET99 )A. Now that B. after C. Although D. As soon as12. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. (NMET99) -Is that you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where13. You should make it a rule to leave things you can find them again. (NMET99)A. when B. where C. then D. there14. Carol said the work would be done by October, personally I doubt very much. (NMET99 )A. it B. that C. when D. which15. Well have to finish the job, . (NMET99)A. long it takes however B. it takes however longC. long however it takes D. however long it takes16. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy. (NMET2000)A. who B. which C. this D. what17. The WTO cannot live up to its name it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. (NMET2000)A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though18. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, was true. (2001 春招)A. he B. this C. which D. who19. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was? (2001 春招)A. where B. what C. how D. which20. at the door before entering please. (2001 春招)A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock21 .The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that faraway village. (NMET2001 )A. until B. that C. when D. where22. A computer can only do you have instructed it to do.A. how B. after C. what D. when23. is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (NMET2001 )A. It B. As C. That D. What24.-I think its going to be a big problem.（2002年春考）-Yes, it could be.-I wonder _we can do about it.A. if B. how C. what D. that25. The famous basketball star, _tried to make a comeback, attacked a lot of attention. （2002年春考）A. where B. when C. which D. who强化练习1. Its no longer a question now _ _ man can land on the moon.A. that B. if C. whether D. what2. he said at the meeting astonished everyone at present.A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter3. In front of remained of my old house, I took some pictures, which called up my childhood.A. which B. the place C. where D. what4. you can go to college this year depends on you are studying hard now.A. That, that B. Whether, whether C. If, if D. Whether, if5. has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles(车辆)remains a serious problem.A. That B. What C. Though what D. In spite of what6. Ill tell you he expects will win such and such a match.A. who B. whom C. what D. that7. I didnt quite follow you. What was you just said about the place?A. that B. which C. how D. where8. Maria has to baby-sit. Thats she can t come out with us.A. when B. how C. why D. what9. After seemed a very long time, the badly-wounded soldier came back to life.A. that B. it C. which D. what10. she was chosen monitor made him excited.A. What B. That C. If D. Whether11. I dont think Jenny can come home this weekend.A. how B. why C. that D. when12. When I try to find that prevents so many people from taking part in the program, it seems to me that there are two mean causes.A. what it does B. what it