全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文.doc

2014年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文(2014安徽卷) D Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons for example, economic (经济的) reasonswhy they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change.Although we have to respect peoples feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward . If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves . Thus , I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different , even though that might be the more risky choice.68. What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?A. Some of them are not attractive.B. Most of them ate too expensive to preserve.C. They are more pleasing than modern buildings.D. They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.69. Which of the following is true according to the author?A. We should reproduce the same old buildings.B. Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.C. Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.D. No one understands why people speak against new buildings.70. By “move things forward ” in the last paragraph , the author probably means “_”.A. Destroy old buildingsB. Put things in a different place C. Choose new architectural stylesD. Respect peoples feelings for historical buildings71. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain why people dislike change.B. To warn that we could end up living in caves.C. To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.D. To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.【篇章导读】这是一篇议论文。有历史遗迹的地方是否可建设现代建筑？作者认为新的建筑风格能与古老的风格共存。68. A【解析】细节题。根据第一段中的“Not all historical buildings are attractive.”可知，不是所有的古代建筑都很吸引人。69. C【解析】推理题。根据第三段中的“It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too.”可知，一些新建筑会毁掉他们所在地区的面貌，反之易然，一些旧建筑物也会破坏了所在的面貌。70. C 【解析】推理题。根据最后中的“If we always reproduced what was there before,we would all still be living in caves . Thus , I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different , even though that might be the more risky choice.”可知，作者的观点是有古老的建筑风格的地方可选择新的建筑风格，这是建筑师和规划师的责任。71. D 【解析】推理题。作者在第一段中抛出问题“Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city?”，第二、三、四段中提问自己的观点“new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.”所以文章主要论述新的建筑风格能与古老的风格共存。(2014福建卷) D Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it may seem, if youre unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desiresnot that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you dont have enough tastes. Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped(淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut. Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅) , a royal palace. Every new taste, every additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms your house of life should have. Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things. If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them, they would make you as happy as to find plenty of ham and eggs when youre hungry. Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you might find many an hour of rest and refreshment. To gain that love would go toward making you a rich person, for a rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library. Music like Mozarts and Bachs shouldnt be absent. Real riches are of the spirit. And when youve brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk, you have increased your thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter of thrills. Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would be more human, and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days, if you could, and did, play a bit. Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.68. The author intends to tell us that_.A. true happiness lies in achieving wealth by fair meansB. big houses are peoples most valued possessionsC. big houses can in a sense bring richness of lifeD. true happiness comes from spiritual riches69. The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that_.A. however materially rich, they never seem to be satisfiedB. however materially rich, they remain spiritually poorC. though their house is big, they prefer a simple lifeD. though their house is big, it seems to be a cage70. It can be learned from the passage that _.A. more money brings more happinessB. art is needed to make your house beautifulC. literature can enrich your spiritual lifeD. sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness71. What would be the best title for the passage?A. House of Life B. Secret of WealthC. Rest and Refreshment D. Interest and Enthusiasm【篇章导读】这是一篇议论文。很多人物质上很富有，但他们的精神生活很匮乏。真正的幸福源于精神上的富有。68. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据四、五、六、七段有关Art, Literature, Music, Sports的论述可知，幸福的人需拥有艺术、文学、音乐和运动等，真正的幸福源于精神上的富有。69. B 【解析】 句意理解题。根据第二段中的“Most people are already swamped(淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much.”以及该段内容本句“They live in too big a house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut.”可知，有些人无论物质上多么富有，但是在精神生活很贫穷。70. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you might find many an hour of rest and refreshment.”可知，文学可以丰富我们的精神生活。71. A 【解析】主旨大意题。文中的“Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅) , a royal palace. Here are several rooms your house of life should have. Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.”可知，House of Life作文章的标题最佳。(2014 湖北卷) EFor most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles. Dr. Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue, the elevators role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk, the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally (水平地), and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical (垂直的) columns.If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators, it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief, boring, and even awkward experienceone that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common, and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that were hanging from a cable in a long passage.In a new book, Lifted, German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience. “After 150 years, we are still not used to it,” Bernard said. “We still have not exactly learned to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.” That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our livesToday, as the worlds urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, Americas total number of elevators900,000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazines “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”are a force thats becoming more important than ever. And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are. 67. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. The general view of elevators.B. The particular interests of experts.C. The desire for a remarkable machine.D. The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.68. The authors purpose in mentioning cars is _. A. to contrast their functions with elevators B. to emphasize the importance of elevators C. to reveal their secret war against elevators D. to explain peoples preference for elevators69. According to Prof. Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences?A. Vertical direction.B. Lack of excitement.C. Little physical space.D. Uncomfortable conditions.70. The author urges readers to consider _.A. the exact number of elevator lovers B. the serious future situation of elevators C. the role of elevators in city development D. the relationship between cars and elevators【篇章导读】这是一篇议论文。诸多城市人对电梯有误解，然而电梯在城市的发展中有显著的作用。67. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles.”可知，很多人认为电梯不值得注意，它不会给人带来热情和兴趣，但是Dr. Christopher Wilk认为这是一种误解。所以this指对电梯的普遍看法。68. B 【解析】作者意图题。根据第一段中的“In that sense, they argue, the elevators role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk, the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally (水平地), and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical (垂直的) columns.”可知，作者谈及汽车是为了说明电梯的重要性。69. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After 150 years, we are still not used to it,Bernard said.We still have not exactly learned to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.”可知，Prof. Bernard认为人们不习惯乘电梯是因为空间太小，这与人们其它的生活经历不一样。C项中的“Little physical space”与Bernard谈及的“closeness”相吻合。70. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Americas total number of elevators900,000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazines “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”are a force thats becoming more important than ever.”可知，然而电梯在城市的发展中扮演着重要角色。(2014 江苏卷) BHowever wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someones time or money could be better spent on something else.Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity costnamely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends? Thisthe alternative use of your cash and timeis the opportunity cost.For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgoin terms of money and enjoymentin order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: theres no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense its human nature to do precisely thatwe assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.In the business world, a popular phrase is value for money. People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: value for time. The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.58. According to the passage, the concept of opportunity cost is applied to_.A. making more moneyB. taking more opportunitiesC. reducing missed opportunitiesD. weighing the choice of opportunities59. The leftover . time in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time_.A. spared for watching the match at homeB. taken to have dinner with friendsC. spent on the way to and from the matchD. saved from not going to watch the match60.What are forgone opportunities?A. Opportunities you forget in decision-making.B. Opportunities you give up for better ones.C. Opportunities you miss accidentally.D. Opportunities you make up for.【篇章导读】本文是一篇议论文。文中讲一天中人们不可有足够的时间做想要做的一切事情，我们要放弃一些机会以得到更好的机会。58. D 【解析】猜测词义题。根据第一段中的“Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someones time or money could be better spent on something else.”可知，the concept of opportunity cost指人们是否能把时间或金钱更好地利用在其他事上，所以它用在衡量机会的选择。59. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends?”可知去体育场看球赛花钱，来回的途中又花时间，倒不如在家里用省下来时间和金钱和朋友吃饭。所以文中leftover money and time指看球赛来回所花费的时间。60. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段内容，尤其是该段中的“Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.”可以， forgone opportunities指为了更好的机会被放弃的机会。(2014 江西卷) DEveryone looks forward to progress, whether in ones personal life or in the general society. Progress indicates a persons ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead a better way of doing things. All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who miss the “good old days”, efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the persons presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off.With efficiency also comes mass production. Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today. Factories have improved efficiency. Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handcrafts (手工艺品) are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item.Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old.It is peoples attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on peoples attitude. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created.70. According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to _.A. live a better life B. look for better methods C. change ways of living D. accept technology and advance steadily71. The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to _.A. tools B. messages C. barriers D. skills72. The author explains “efficiency comes with a price” by _.A. describing a process B. using examplesC. following time order D. making classification73. Compared with home-made handicrafts, machine-made products _. A. lack great accuracy B. lack the personal touch C. are of high value D. are quite welcome74. What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4?A. It can destroy old traditions. B. It can lead to social progress.C. It can be used to correct mistakes. D. It can be used to preserve old products.75. What can be concluded from the last paragraph? A. Progress can suit the needs of daily life. B. People review the past with great regret. C. Technology should be introduced in a fixed way. D. Peoples attitude decides the use of technology.【篇章导读】这是一篇议论文。新技术有利有弊，但是真正技术是否能够影响人类的生活取决于人们对待技术的态度。70.D 【解析】推理题。根据第一段中的“All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.”可知，人们想要接受新技术并且通过找到更有效的做事方法来向前发展时，进步是有很多好处的。71.A 【解析】猜测词义题。根据该词所在句“With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads”中的关键词mobile phones and ipads可知，gadget指人们经常使用的通讯工具。72.B 【解析】推理题。根据划线后面的“When communication becomes efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without eve