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英语动词的5种基本形式 英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数(现在式)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。动词原形第三人称单数(现在式)过去式过去分词现在分词dodoesdiddonedoingbeiswasbeenbeingamarewerehavehashadhadhavingwillwould1. 第三人称单数的构成方法与名词的单数变复数规则大致一样，即：(1) 一般情况下由动词后加-s构成：work / works，read / reads等。(2) 以s, x, z, sh, ch 以及字母o结构的动词，后加-es：guess / guesses, mix / mixes, go / goes, buzz / buzzes, finish / finishes, catch / catches等。(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i 再加-es：fly / flies, study / studies等。【注】 有个别的变化不规则，如have / has, be / is等。 词尾-s和-es 读音规则是：在s, x, z, sh, ch 后的es读作iz，其余的读作z。 2. 过去式和过去分词的构成方法分规则变化和不规则变化两种。不规则变化需逐个记忆，规则变化遵循以下原则：(1) 一般情况下，在动词后加ed构成：work / worked, stay / stayed, shout / shouted等。(2) 在以-e结尾动词后只加d：close / closed, like / liked, live / lived, smile / smiled等。(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i 再加-ed：study / studied, carry / carried等。(4) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed：stop / stopped, admit / admitted, refer / referred, prefer / preferred等。【注】(1) 以字母l结尾的动词，若末尾一个音节为重读音节，则必须双写l再加-ed，如control / controlled，但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节，则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语)，如travel / travel(l)ed。(2) 动词picnic(野餐)的过去式和过去分词是picnicked，不是picniced。(3) 词尾-ed 读音规则是：在清辅音后读作t，元音和浊辅音后读作d，在辅音t或d后读作id。 3. 现在分词的构成方法(1) 一般情况下，在动词后加-ing构成：work / working, sleep / sleeping, wait / waiting等。(2) 在不发音的-e结尾动词去掉e后再加-ing：smile / smiling, move / moving 等。(3) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing：sit / sitting, plan / planning, refer / referring, occur / occurring等。(4) 以字母ie结尾的动词，通常将ie改为y，再加ing：die / dying, lie / lying, tie / tying等。【注】(1) 以字母l结尾动词，若末尾一个音节为重读音节，则必须双写l再加ing，如control / controlling，但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节，则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语)，如travel / travel(l)ing。(2) 名词变复数、形容词和副词变比较级和最高级、动词变过去式和过去分词等都有“改y规则”，但动词的现在分词没有“改y规则”。(3) 动词picnic(野餐)的现在分词为picnicking，不是picnicing。时态：表示动作发生的时间或状态。时间：过去 （过去将来） 现在 将来状态：一般 完成 进行 完成进行四个一般：一般现在：动原；三单一般过去：过去式一般将来：be (am is are) going to will + doshall （一般）过去将来：be (was were ) going to would + doshould四个完成：已经(时态标志词)过去分词现在完成：过去分词过去完成：过去分词将来完成：be (am is are) going to will have/has+ done shall 过去将来完成： be (was were ) going to would have/had+ done should四个进行：正在be(时态标志词) +现在分词doing（动词形式）I am writing. 现在进行；am,is,are+现在分词doing 过去进行：was,were+现在分词doing 将来进行：be (am is are) going to will +be+现在分词doingshall 过去将来进行：be (was were ) going to would +be+现在分词doingshould四个完成 进行：have + be / been（过去分词）+doing（现在分词） 现在完成进行：have/has + been+doing 过去完成进行：had+ been+doing 将来完成进行：be (am is are) going to will +have+been +doing shall 过去将来完成进行：be (was were ) going to would +had+been +doing should have(一般时态)现在时： Alex studies English everyday. 艾历克斯每天学英语.过去时： Alex studied English yesterday. 艾历克斯昨天学过英语.将来时： Alex will study English tomorrow. 艾历克斯明天要学英语.过去将来时： At that time I knew that Alex would study English.那时我知道艾历克斯将要去学英语.(进行时态)现在时： Alex is studying English now.艾历克斯现在正在学习英语.过去时： Alex was studying English at this time yesterday.艾历克斯昨天这时正在学英语.将来时： Alex will be studying English at this time tomorrow.艾历克斯明天这时正在学英语.过去将来时： Yesterday he told me that Alex would be studying English this morning. 昨天他告诉我艾历克斯今天早晨要学英语.(完成时态)现在时： Alex has studied English for one year. 艾历克斯已经学了一年英语.过去时： Alex had studied English for one year by the end of last month. 到上月底， 艾历克斯已经学习了一年英语.将来时： Alex will have studied English for two years by the end of next month. 到下月底， 艾历克斯学习英语将两年了.过去将来时： She told me yesterday that Alex would have studied English for three months by the end of this year. 她昨天告诉我： 到这周末， 艾历克斯学英语将满分个月.(完成进行时态)现在时： Alex has been studying English all the morning.艾历克斯一上午一直在学习英语.过去时： Alex had been studying English by end of last month.到上月底： 艾历克斯一直在学英语.将来时： Alex will have been studying English for two years by the end of this year. 到今年底， 艾历克斯已经连续学了两年英语.过去将来时： He said that Alex would have been studying English for four years by the end of next year.他说到明年底，艾历克斯学习英语将满4年.
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