“主谓一致”教学设计.doc

中考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致教学设计北戴河新区长白学校 姜殿凤考情分析： “主谓一致”是每年中考的必考知识点，平均每年一道题。学情分析： 学生需要对该语法项目进行系统的归纳和总结，并灵活运用所学知识点。教师的精确点拨可以帮助学生更好地掌握语法知识。复习目标： 1.能掌握主谓一致的基本原则。 2.能在具体的练习题中总结归纳有关主谓一致的规则。 3.能体验到自主学习的重要性、探究学习并完成任务的快乐。复习重点和难点： 重点：主谓一致应遵循的三个基本原则。 难点：一些代词、集合名词等作主语时应遵循的原则。 复习策略：自主复习 合作探究 精心点拨 模拟演练 归纳总结教学过程：Step :导入 播放幻灯片“中考导航”，使学生了解“主谓一致”是中考中的高频考点。 中考导航：考 点河北省卷近五年中考统计 高频 考点20122013 201420152016主 谓一致语法一致意义一致就近原则考情分析：从近五年考查情况看，主谓一致是每年的必考点，每年均考查一道题目。2017年备考时要熟练掌握主谓一致的各种情形，并做适量的练习来掌握和巩固。 设计意图：使学生了解“主谓一致”是中考中的高频考点。Step :考点突破 学生探究，教师精确点拨，突破考点。1. 主谓一致的含义（幻灯片3） 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 2.主谓一致三原则：（幻灯片4 ）语法一致原则：指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式.Tom _(be) a good student. They often _(play) football on the playground.意义一致原则：（幻灯片5 ）指谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记. 指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 My family _(is, are) having lunch now. Maths _ (is, are) difficult for me. 就近一致原则：（幻灯片6）指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致. Not only the teacher but also his students _(like) playing football.There _(be) a pen and some books on the desk. 突破考点： 名词作主语：（幻灯片7 12）1.单数名词，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词作主语，谓语用复数形式。 The desk _(be) Toms. Some water_ (be) in the bottle. The students _ (be) playing football on the playground. 2.某些集体名词，如family, team, club， class，public， group等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。 His family _(be) a happy one.The whole family _ (be) watching TV.3. 某些集体名词，如people, police ,clothes等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。 The police _ ( be) searching for the thief. 4. 单、复数同形的名词如 sheep, deer,fish, Chinese,Japanese 主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。 A sheep _ (be) over there.Some sheep _ (be) over there. 5. 名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。 The doctors is across the street.My uncles is not far from here. 常见的省略名词有：the bakers（面包房）, the barbers（理发店）, the Zhangs（张家）等。 注: the 姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人。 The Greens _(is, are) having breakfast now. 6. 表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, shoes, chopsticks, pants等。 The pants _(is, are) mine. My glasses _(is, are) on the table. 但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , 等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 A pair of shoes_ (were, was) under the desk.Two pairs of shoes_ (were, was) under the desk.7当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 The United States _（is, are) in North America.8news ，maths，physics ，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数. No news _ (is, are) good news. Maths _(is, are) very popular in our class .连接词连接的名词作主语: （幻灯片13 16）1 用and或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 Walking and riding are good exercises. 注：A：并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或 同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。否则，用复数。 这种情况常有两种结构形式： a/the+n+and+n，指的是同一个人或物； a/the+n+and+a/the+n，指两个人或物。 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. B：由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, 等修饰时，结构是each/every+n.+and +(each/every)+n.，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man and every woman is at work. 2当主语后面跟有as well as, along with, with, like, together with, but, except, besides, including,等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由前面的主语而定。 判断画线部分对错：(1) The teacher as well as the students were reading in the library.( )(2) The woman with two children are my aunt.( )(3) Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football. ( )(4) The students ,including their teacher, is going to meet the brave man.( )(5) Nobody except Mr. Li and Mrs. Li likes sports.( )(6) Mr. Li besides his sons like sports. ( )3以 eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。 Either you or he _ (is, are) to go.Not one but all of us _(is, are) hoping to be there. 4. There be 结构，依据就近一致的原则。 There_ (be) a book , two pens on the desk.There _(be) two pens , a book in the desk.代词作主语：（幻灯片17 19）1名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。 Ours (Our Party) _(is, are) a great party.Your shoes are black, and mine _(is, are) brown. 3疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。 Who_ (is, are) your brother?Who _(is, are) League members? 4不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, either, neither, each, the other, another作主语，谓语动词用单数。 (1) Nobody was in. (2) Is everyone here today. (3) Something is wrong with him. (4) None of them has/have seen the film. (5) Either of the boys is ready. (6) Neither of these words is correct. （7) Each of the pens costs three dollars. 分数和量词作主语：（幻灯片20 - 23） 1由“a lot of, lots of ，plenty of, all of, most of, some of, half of, (a) part of, rest of”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致. （1）All of the food _ (is, are) ready. All of the workers _ (is, are) working. (2) Part of the work_ (is, are) been done by us 。Part of the students _ (have, has) gone. 2表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half bananas _(is, are)left on the table. 3表示时间，价格，度量、距离、金额、书名，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。 (1) Two months is a long holiday. (2) Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. (3) Ten miles isnt a long distance. (4) Five minus four is one. (5) The Arabian Nights is a book known to lovers of English. 4分数(百分数)+of +名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。 Ten percent of the apples _ (was, were) bad . 注意: population 一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。 The population of China_(be)1.36 billion and 70% of the population _ (be) peasants 5a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。 The number of the teachers in No. 2 Middle School _(be) over 100. A number of them _ (be) young. 名词化的形容词作主语：（幻灯片24 ） 如果主语由“the+形容词”结构担任表示一类人或物时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有： the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb.The rich often _ (help, helps) the poor.从句，动词不定式，动名词作主语：（幻灯片25）1由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。 What we need _ (is, are) more time.What we need _(is, are) doctors.2动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 To see _ (is, are) to believeDoing eye exercises _ (is, are) good for your eyes. 设计意图：通过合作探究，教师点拨的方式，让学生理解知识脉络，突破各个难点。Step .模拟演练（幻灯片2628）学生完成模拟练习，教师精确点拨。1Each of the students _ a dictionary. A. have B. is C. are D. has 2How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are 3. Not only his parents but also his brother _to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 4Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers5The Smiths _ sending e-mails _letters. because it is faster. A. prefer, to writing B. prefer，to write C. prefers，to writing D. prefers，to write6Everyone except Bill and Jim _there when the meeting began . A. was B. is C. are D. were7Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. are D. was8. The Olympic Games _ held every_ years. A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five9. Look, here come some _. A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow10. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out. A. is B. was C. are D. were11. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries. A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are12. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were 设计意图：检验学生对知识点的掌握情况。Step .课堂小测：（幻灯片29） 教师引导学生对本节课作简单的归纳总结 主谓一致：谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语一致。 语法一致（单则单，复则复）主谓一致三原则： 意义一致（概念一致）就近一致（就近原则） 设计意图：归纳总结本节课的知识脉络。Step .布置作业：（幻灯片30） 完成“主谓一致”综合练习题（略） 设计意图：虽然学生课前认真阅读了导学案，又经过课堂探究和知识点的突破，对“主谓一致”知识脉络基本清楚，但仍需要通过练习加深和巩固，达到准确运用的程度。Step .板书设计： 主谓一致专题复习主谓一致概念： 难点剖析：主谓一致三原则： a/the + n + and + n ，谓语用单数1. 语法一致 a/the + n + and + a/the + n, 谓语用复数2. 意义一致3. 就近原则 each/every + n + and + each/every + n， 谓语用单数Step.教学反思 本节课的重点是让学生掌握主谓一致用法的各种现象。这节课的授课应以学生为主，尽可能的让学生去做，让学生去发现问题，也最好让学生去解决问题，这样才能真正掌握所学知识，这就需要老师的引导了，同时也要求语言的规范。引导时，要多注意语言的严谨，自然，通俗，学生便于接受。练习题的选题一定要注意突出基础性，在基础之上在设拔高，这样各个层次的学生都可以各取所需。同时语法的讲授还要注意讲练结合，让学生在自己观察发现的基础之上，老师做总结，然后通过练习，把理论和实际结合在一起，减少出现听懂了，题不会做的现象出现。