新视野大学英语第三版第四册第四单元sectionA课件.ppt

FOREIGHLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSAIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERTISY FOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSAIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERSITY Nature Toworshiportoconquer SectionA 4 Achievingsustainableenvironmentalism Objectives Nature Toworshiportoconquer Achievingsustainableenvironmentalism SectionA Achievingsustainableenvironmentalism SectionA 1 Whatdothefollowingpicturesremindyouofintermsoftheenvironmentalissues 2 Whatdoyouthinkoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnature ListenandTalk Pre readingActivities ListentoapassageaboutWorldEnvironmentDayandthendecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue T orfalse F 1 WorldEnvironmentDayfallsonJune5everyyear 2 SanFranciscoisthesecondcityintheUnitedStatesthathasheldeventstocelebrateWorldEnvironmentDay 3 ThemainmessageofWorldEnvironmentDaythisyearis PlanforOurCities 4 Citiesusemorethan57percentoftheworld snaturalresources 5 Theeventsheldthisyearincludenotonlyspeechesfromfamouspersons butalsofunactivitiessuchasconcerts parades etc T F F F T Listentothepassageagain Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions 1 Whatisyourunderstandingofa greencity 2 Tobuildagreencity besidesthemeasuresgiveninthepassagesuchasbuildingmorehealthyparksandreducingpollution whatothermeasurescanyouthinkof Pre readingActivities ListenandTalk 1 Whatisyourunderstandingofa greencity AsIunderstand a greencity isacityortownthatfocusesonenvironmentallyfriendlypractices Itaimstoimprovethelivabilityofurbansurroundingsandbenefitthewell beingofcitizenslivingthere Pre readingActivities ListenandTalk 2 Tobuildagreencity besidesthemeasuresgiveninthepassagesuchasbuildingmorehealthyparksandreducingpollution whatothermeasurescanyouthinkof Tobuildagreencity othermeasuresmayincludewaterqualitycontrol efficientrecyclingandwastemanagement useofrenewableenergysources increaseofcityresidents awarenessofenvironmentalprotection andeasyaccesstoproductsandservicesthatmakegreenlifestylechoiceseasy Pre readingActivities ListenandTalk crisis commitments Listentoashortpassageconcerningglobalwarming observed inconvenienttruth relieve breakthroughs projected Listentoashortpassageconcerningglobalwarming Ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremainthesame totalenergyuseandgreenhousegas mainly CO2 willbe42 higherin2050 Butthat stoolow becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy Weneedeconomicgrowthunlesswe theworld spoortotheirpresentpovertyandfreezeeveryoneelse slivingstandards emissions condemn Listentoashortpassageconcerningglobalwarming Tobecontinued Thepracticalsolutionisthatifglobalwarmingisa theonlysolutionisnewtechnology Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingourdependenceon ordealingwithit potentialdisaster fossilfuels Listentoashortpassageconcerningglobalwarming CulturalBackground 3 WhatistheArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge ANWRorArcticRefuge Tips Environmentalismreferstotheconcernabouttheenvironment ortheconsciousnessabouttheintricatehuman naturerelation whichmainlyadvocatesthepreservation restorationand orimprovementofthenaturalenvironmentbysocialandpoliticalmovements CulturalBackground WhatarethemainideasofEnvironmentalism CulturalBackground 2 WhatdoyouknowaboutProtagoras Protagorasisapre SocraticGreekphilosopherandoneoftheseveralfifthcenturyB C GreekthinkerscollectivelyknownastheOlderSophists 诡辩家 Protagorasisknownprimarilyforthreeclaims 1 Manisthemeasureofallthings 2 Hecouldmaketheworse orweaker argumentappearthebetter orstronger 3 Onecouldnottellifthegodsexistedornot ItisanationalwildliferefugeinnortheasternAlaska UnitedStates andthelargestprotectedwildernessregioninthecountry Therefugesupportsawidevarietyofplantandanimallifeincludingcaribou polarbears grizzlybears wolves migratorybirds fish denseshrubs andraregrovesofpoplartrees CulturalBackground 3 WhatistheArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge ANWRorArcticRefuge Achievingsustainableenvironmentalism SectionA Theauthorstartshisargumentationbystatingtheimportanceofakeen inmodernsociety Para 1 environmentalawareness Whatisthethemeoftheessay Para 1 Introduction Twoquestionsareraisedtoshowthatpeoplehaveconflictingideasaboutenvironmentalprotection Theintroductionpavesthewayfortheauthor scentralargument PartI Para 1 WhileansweringthequestionraisedinParagraph1 whatconceptsdoestheauthorputforward Para 2 Accordingtotheauthor whatistheultimaterulefollowedbyrationalenvironmentalism Para 2 Howdoestheauthorexplainenvironmentalnecessity Paras 3 4 AccordingtoParagraph5 whyareozonedepletionandthegreenhouseeffectconsideredasurgenthumandisasters Para 5 Inthefirstsectionofthebody theauthortriestoestablisharulethatpeoplecanfollowwhenmakingenvironmentalchoices PartIISection1 Paras 2 5 AccordingtoParagraph6 whatarethefeaturesoftheenvironmentalismthatispopulartoday Para 6 Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying MynatureworshipstopswiththetwisterthatcamethroughKansasorthedreadfulrainsinBangladeshthateradicatedwholevillagesandleftmillionshomeless Para 6 WhatdoestheauthorintendtodobycitingtheexampleofoildrillinginANWR Para 7 TheauthorcitesthedebateaboutwhethertodrillforoilinANWRtorebutthesentimentalenvironmentalismandjustifyhisownargument OntheissueofpreservingthespottedowlinOregonversusprotectingtheloggingfamiliesthere whichsidedoestheauthortake Why Para 10 Inthesecondsection Paras 6 10 theauthor withthepurposeofstrengtheninghisowncriterion arguesagainstadifferentrule onewhichhecallsa whichhesaysischaracterizedby PartIISection2 Paras 6 10 excessiveearthworship sentimentalenvironmentalism Whatopiniondoestheauthorholdtowardtherelationshipbetweenmanandnature Para 11 cultivate supervision inthefirstplace Accordingtotheauthor underwhatcircumstanceshouldhumanityaccommodatenature Examples Para 12 Partthreeistheconclusion Theauthorrestateshiscentralargument Humaninterestsshouldbegiven overthoseofnaturealthoughhumanbeingsshould tonatureonlywhentheirownsurvivalisbeingendangeredbyenvironmentalchanges PartIII Paras 11 13 priority adapt Thistextisanargumentativewritinginwhichtheauthortriestomakeacontrastbetweentwodifferentopinionsaboutenvironmentalprotection throughwhichhetriestojustifyhisclaimthathumaninterestsshouldbeputabovethoseofnature andthathumanbeingsshouldprotectnatureonlyonthegroundsthattheirowninterestsareguaranteed MainIdeaoftheText MainIdea Structure Twoquestionsareraisedtoshowthatpeoplehaveconflictingideasaboutenvironmentalprotection Para 1 Introduction Introduction Mainbody Section1andSection2 Theauthortriestoestablisharuleforpeopletofollowwhentheymakeenvironmentalchoices Paras 2 5 Theauthorrebutsadifferentrule calledasentimentalenvironmentalism whichhesaysischaracterizedbyexcessiveearthworship Paras 6 10 Body Section1 Arule calledasaneenvironmentalism formakingenvironmentalchoicesispresented Para 5 Theauthordefinesenvironmentalluxuriesandenvironmentalnecessities Para 2 Theauthorgivesexamples combatingozonedepletionandthegreenhouseeffect toexplainwhatheseesasanenvironmentalnecessity Paras 3 4 Body Section2 TheauthorcitesthedebateaboutpreservingthespottedowlinOregonvs protectingthelivelihoodoftheloggingfamiliestojustifyhisownargument Para 10 Theauthorreviewsadifferentrule onewhichhecallsasentimentalenvironmentalism Para 6 TheauthorcitesthedebateaboutwhethertodrillforoilinANWRtorebutthesentimentalenvironmentalismandjustifyhisownargument Paras 7 9 Theauthorrestateshiscentralargument Humaninterestsshouldbegivenpriorityoverthoseofnature Paras 11 13 Introduction Mainbody establishingaruleandrebuttingadifferentrule Conclusion Introduction Mainbody establishingaruleandrebuttingadifferentrule Conclusion Sharpconcernforenvironmentalprotection similartothebeliefin ortheoppositiontoplasticsurgery isanecessary topeopleintheupperclassworld Butpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutit Therefore howcanwemaketherightchoiceamongsomanydifferentandconflictingproposalsputforwardinthenameofenvironmental Tobecontinued democracy attitude protection Toanswerthequestion itisnecessarytofollowaruleformakingenvironmentalchoices theso called whichadvocatesthatcombatingecologicalchangesthatdirectlydoharmtohumanhealthandsafetyisan Thecriterionformakingenvironmentalchoicesindicatesthatnatureshould humanbeings andthathumanbeingsshouldprotectnatureonlywhentheirowninterestsarenotaffected Tobecontinued saneenvironmentalism environmentalnecessity serve Whileotherpeopleputforwardadifferentrule calleda whichischaracterizedbyexcessiveearth humaninterestsshouldbegivenpriorityoverthoseofanimalsornatureandnatureshouldbe tohumanbeingsbecausehumaninterestsaremoreimportantthanthoseofnature sentimentalenvironmentalism worship subordinate 把 区分 fantasy seekmedicalhelp Afterstayinginthenetbarforseveraldaysandnights hewasnolongerabletodifferentiatebetweenfantasyandreality Heshouldseekmedicalhelp differentiatebetween 短语逆译 短语应用 在网吧呆了几天几夜 他已经不能区分虚幻和现实了 他应该寻求医疗帮助 意群提示 呈现 某种特征 officialvisit anewlook Wefirmlybelievethataftertheleader sofficialvisittoBritain therelationsbetweenthetwocountriesmusttakeonanewlook takeon 短语逆译 短语应用 我们相信 通过领导人对英国的正式访问 两国之间的关系一定会呈现出新面貌 意群提示 引起共鸣 charmingpictures touchingplots youngaudience Withitscharmingpicture touchingplotsandbeautifulmusic themoviesstruckachordwiththeyoungaudience strikeachordwith 短语逆译 短语应用 这部电影以它迷人的画面 动人的情节和优美的音乐在年轻观众中引起了共鸣 意群提示 与 格格不入 Outofourexpectation whathesaidanddidinthepublicthatdayranagainstthegrainsofhissocialstatusindeed run goagainstthegrains 短语逆译 短语应用 令我们意外的是 那天在公共场合他的言行的确和他的身份格格不入 意群提示 outoftheexpectation socialstatus 与 不相容的 anti virussoftware computersystem updatesystem Theanti virussoftwareisincompatiblewithyourcomputersystem soyouhavetogetyoursystemupdated beincompatiblewith 短语逆译 短语应用 这款杀毒软件与你的电脑系统不兼容 因此 你需要找人进行系统升级 意群提示 安然度过 medicalskill weakbeat dyingpatient Duetothedoctor sexcellentmedicalskill thedyingpatientwithaweakbeat wasluckyenoughtocomethroughtheoperation 短语逆译 短语应用 多亏了医生精湛的医术 这位生命垂危的病人心跳微弱 能够熬过手术真是幸运 意群提示 comethrough 优先选择 某物 而非 另一物 makingfriends honesty Inmakingfriendswithotherpeopleinmodernsociety wechoosehonestyoverotherqualities 短语逆译 短语应用 在现代社会中 我们交友时更加看重诚实的品德 意群提示 choosesth oversth else 在上流社会 对环境的敏感就如同信仰民主 反对整容一样 是一种不可或缺的态度 原句译文 逆译练习 句型提炼 Environmentalsensitivityisnowasrequiredanattitudeinpolitesocietyasis say beliefindemocracyordisapprovalofplasticsurgery sth isnowasrequiredanattitudein asis say sth elsein or 句型提炼 应用提示 用于表达比较 说明某种态度的重要性 句型应用 culturalawareness time consciousness 典型例句 在跨文化交际中 文化意识就如同约会时守时 社交时礼貌一样 是一种不可或缺的态度 意群提示 Culturalawarenessisnowasrequiredanattitudeincross culturalcommunicationasis say time consciousnessinkeepingappointmentorpolitenessinsocialexchanges 非感情用事的环保主义是建立在普罗泰哥拉的格言 人是万物的尺度 的基础上的 原句译文 逆译练习 Anon sentimentalenvironmentalismisonefoundedonProtagoras sideathat Manisthemeasureofallthings 句型提炼 sth isonefoundedonone sideathat 句型提炼 应用提示 用于表达 某种思想或观点的理据 句型应用 anti racism self evidenttruth 典型例句 马丁路德金的反对种族主义是建立在这个不言自明的真理 人生来就平等 的基础上 意群提示 MartinLutherKing santi racismisonefoundedontheself evidenttruths thatallmenarecreatedequal 只有当人类的命运与自然的命运密不可分时 人类才应该做出让步 原句译文 逆译练习 Humanityshouldaccommodateonlywhenitsfateandthatofnatureareinseparablyboundup 句型提炼 sb shoulddo doessth onlywhen 句型提炼 应用提示 用于表达 某人做某事的必要条件 句型应用 conquertheoutsideworld innerside 典型例句 只有当一个人强大到不仅能够战胜外部世界而且能够战胜自己的内心时 他才成为真正的强者 意群提示 Amanbecomesaheroonlywhenheisstrongenoughtoconquerboththeoutsideworldandhisinnerside Humanactivitiescaneithercausenaturaldisastersormaketheireffectsmuchworse suchassandstorms floodsandlandslides Toattachgreatimportancetoplantingtreesandmakestrictlawstoprotectforests 1 Whatnature relateddisastersarebroughtaboutbyhumanactivities Arethereanywaystoreducesuchdisasters 2 Whatenvironmentalproblemsdoestheworldface Whatarethecausesoftheseproblems Waterpollution Airpollution Wildlifeprotection Landerosion tobecontinued 2 Whatenvironmentalproblemsdoestheworldface Whatarethecausesoftheseproblems Peopledon thavestrongawarenessofenvironmentalprotection Peopledon thavealong termvision Theyhuntorcutdowntreesfortemporaryprofit buttheydon trealizethepricetheyortheirchildrenhavetopayinthelongrun Somelocalgovernmentsdon tmakegoodplansabouteconomicdevelopment First theauthoritiesmusthavebetterforesight Environmentalprotectionisalong lastingcampaignanditsimpactcan tbefeltinashortterm Second strictlawsandpoliciesshouldbemadetoensurethattheeconomyisnotdevelopedatthecostoftheenvironment Third educationcanserveaseffectivewaytoteachmorepeopletorealizetheimportanceofenvironment 3 Thereareoftenconflictsbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection Howshouldwebalancethetwoandensuresustainabledevelopment Q HowmuchdoyouknowaboutthebasicviewheldbyChinesegovernmenttowardsenvironmentalprotection Accordingtothegovernmentpolicy promotingecologicalprogressisalong termtaskofvitalimportancetothepeople swell beingandChina sfuture Wemustgivehighprioritytomakingecologicalprogressandincorporateitintoallaspectsandthewholeprocessofadvancingeconomic political cultural andsocialprogress workhardtobuildabeautifulcountry andachievelastingandsustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation tobecontinued Weshouldremaincommittedtothebasicstatepolicyofconservingresourcesandprotectingtheenvironmentaswellastheprincipleofgivinghighprioritytoconservingresources protectingtheenvironmentandpromotingitsnaturalrestoration andstriveforgreen circularandlow carbondevelopment Weshouldpreserveourgeographicalspaceandimproveourindustrialstructure wayofproductionandwayoflifeintheinterestofconservingresourcesandprotectingtheenvironment Q HowmuchdoyouknowaboutthebasicviewheldbyChinesegovernmenttowardsenvironmentalprotection VideoWatching Tips Q2 Whatlessonsshouldwelearnfromthisvideoclip Tips 1 Whathavehumanbeingsdonetotheotherspeciesontheearth Tolivebetter humanbeingshavebeenconductingtheonlymissiontocontinuewiththedestructiontotheotherspeciesontheearth Humanbeingshaveinvadedtheirterritory destroyedtheirhomes keptignoringtheirsituationandputtheminthedangerofextinction 2 Whatlessonsshouldwelearnfromthisvideoclip Theplanetdoesnotbelongtous andwearenotbuttheguest Theearthbelongstoyou tousandtotheotherspeciestoo Theplanetearthisdyingandishungryforlove Weshouldnolongerkeepsilent ignoring destroyingandkilling Becapabletoconquerourheartandcoexistwiththeplanetearth Don tletyourindifferencetakeover Achievingsustainableenvironmentalism SectionA WriteanargumentativeessayGenerallyspeaking therearetwowaystoorganizeanargumentativeessayfeaturingcounter arguments namely theblockpatternandthepoint by pointpattern Intheblockpattern theauthorfirstlistsinBlock1allofthecounter argumentsandtheirrespectiverebuttals andtheninBlock2hepresentshisownarguments whichfunctionasasupplementtotherebuttalsinBlock1 andshowthathisthesishasbeencomprehensivelyconsideredanddiscussed tobecontinued BlockpatternIntroduction Explanationoftheissue ThesisstatementBodyBlock1 Summaryoftheotherside sarguments Rebuttaltothefirstargument Rebuttaltothesecondargument RebuttaltothethirdargumentBlock2 Summaryofyourownarguments Yourfirstargument Yoursecondargument YourthirdargumentConclusion tobecontinued Inthepoint by pointpattern counter argumentsaredealtwithonebyone Inotherwords theauthorlistsonecounter argumentandrebutsit andthenhelistsanothercounter argumentandrebutsit Point by pointpattern tobecontinued Point by pointpattern Body Statementoftheotherside sfirstargumentandrebuttalwithyourowncounter argument Statementoftheotherside ssecondargumentandrebuttalwithyourowncounter argument Statementoftheotherside sthirdargumentandrebuttalwithyourowncounter argument Introduction Explanationoftheissue Thesisstatement tobecontinued Conclusion Let slookatthefollowingexamplestoseehowtheblockpatternorthepoint by pointpatternisadoptedtooutlinetheessays FeelfreetoletboysandgirlsattendseparateclassesIntroductionThereissomeevidencethatsame sexclassesproducepositiveresultsamongstudents BodyBlock1Summaryoftheotherside sarguments Testscoresdon tshowanyadvantageforall girlorall boyclasses Separateclasses orseparateschools sendthemessagethatmalesandfemalescan tworktogether Examplefortheblockpattern tobecontinued Same sexeducationisakindofdiscriminationagainstboysorgirls Rebuttaltothefirstargument Researchisinconclusiveandsomeresearchesshowoppositeresults Rebuttaltothesecondargument Childrengettointeractwithmembersoftheoppositesexoutsideofschool forexample theiropposite sexparent brothersorsistersandtheirneighbors Rebuttaltothethirdargument Severalstudieshaveshownthatdiscriminationiswidespreadinmixedclasses tobecontinued Block2Summaryofyourownarguments Same sexclassesprovideabetterlearningenvironment Yourfirstargument Boysandgirlsbecomemoreconfidentintheirstudies Yoursecondargument Schoolchildrenhavemanyopportunitiesoutsideofschooltointeractwithoneanother Yourthirdargument Same sexclassescanbetterensureequaltreatmentofstudents ConclusionSame sexclassesorschoolsshouldbeencouraged tobecontinued Shouldchildrenbesenttoboardingschools IntroductionItismorehelpfultochildreniftheystayindayschoolsratherthanboardingschools BodyCounter argument1 Childrenareunderteachers supervisionallthetime Rebuttal Teachers supervisionisinadequate Counter argument2 Childrencanspendmoretimestudying Rebuttal Childrenmayidleawaytime Exampleforthepoint by pointpattern tobecontinued Counter argument3 Childrencan thaveeasyaccesstotheInternet thereforewon tbecomeaddictedtocomputergames Rebuttal Addictiontocomputergamesmaybeavoided butchildrenmaydevelopotherproblems ConclusionSendingchildrentoboardingschoolsisnotagooddecision tobecontinued Readthesampleessayandseehowitdevelopsinthepoint by pointpattern Topic Shouldchildrenbesenttoboardingschools Introduction Itismorehelpfultochildreniftheystayindayschoolsratherthanboardingschools Body Firstcounter argument Childrenareunderteachers supervisionallthetime Firstrebuttal Theindividualattentionachildgetsislittle tobecontinued Secondcounter argument Childrencanspendmoretimestudying Secondrebuttal Childrenmayidleawaytime Thirdcounter argument Childrencan thaveeasyaccesstotheInternet thereforewon tbecomeaddictedtocomputergames Thirdrebuttal Addictiontocomputergamesmaybeavoided butchildrenmaydevelopotherproblems Conclusion Sendingchildrentoboardingschoolsisnotagooddecision tobecontinued SampleEssay Children seducationhasalwaysbeenanissuethatdrawsthesocialconcern Asmanyparentsnowfacegreatworkpressure theythinkitagoodideatosendtheirchildrentoboardingschoolsandputthemunderthesupervisionofteachers However Idon tthinkthisisagoodidea Inmyopinion itismorehelpfultochildreniftheystayindayschools Thosewhosupportsendingchildrentoboardingschoolsbelievethatchildrencandevelopbetterlifeandstudyhabitsiftheyare tobecontinued supervisedbyteachersalldayslongandenjoyadvancedlearningfacilities However thismaynotbethecase Althoughteachersmaybehighly trainedandeducationalfacilitieswell provided therearesomanychildrenandrelativelysofewteachersinmostschoolsthattheindividualattentionachildgetsisverylittle Anotherideaheldbythesepeopleisthatchildrencanhavemoretimeforstudyandotheractivitiesiftheystayinboardingschools Theydon thavetospendmuchtimetravelingbetweentheirhomesandschoolseachday tobecontinued Butwhocansaythatchildrendospendthetimesavedonstudy oronothermeaningfulthings Theymayjustidleitaway Lastbutnotleast someparentsthinkthatkeepingtheirchildreninboardingschoolsisagoodwaytopreventthemfromplayingcomputergamesathome Yes it struethatchildrencannothaveeasyaccesstotheInternetinboardingschools butIdon tthinkitwisetoexertsuchcontrol Ifchildrenareconfinedtoboardingschoolsallthetimeanddeniedthechancetoexperiencedifferentthings itcancauseproblemsaswell tobecontinued Forexample childrenmaynotdeveloptheirabilitytocommunicatewithothers Toavoidchildrengettingaddictedtocomputergames parentsshouldspendmoretimeplayingwiththemandgivethemmoreloveandcare Allinall parentscan tjustleavetheirchildreninboardingschoolsfeelingrelaxedthemselves Familyeducation asanimportantsupplementtoschooleducation playsanindispensableroleinshapingchildren scharacters Istronglyrecommendthatchildrenattendadayschoolratherthanaboardingschool tobecontinued Writingpractice Directions Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsonthefollowingtopic Thetopichasanoutlinethatyoucanfollow Manornature whichismorepowerful PartI Introduction1 Peopleoftensaythatmancanconquerthenature 2 Ideeplybelievethatnatureta