高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 专题一 第2课时 高瞻远瞩-锁定主旨大意类题目课件.ppt

第2课时高瞻远瞩 锁定主旨大意类题目 怎么考主旨大意类题目主要考查全文的主旨大意 段落的中心思想 作者的写作目的和文章标题 常见的设问方式有 1 Themainidea keypointofthispassageisthat 2 Thepassageismainlyabout 3 Thebesttitle headlineforthispassageis 4 Thetopic subjectdiscussedinthispassageis 5 Fromthepassagewecanlearn concludethat 6 Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith 7 Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage 8 Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage 怎么学在平时的阅读练习中 注意文章的体裁 把握作者的写作目的与思路 学会抓主题句 主题段 关注文章的首段 尾段 每段的首句和尾句等 另外 掌握略读与细读的基本技巧 学会积累 寻找关键词像themostimportant finally等 像概括类词therefore inaword等 怎么解做此类题目时做到 1 高瞻远瞩 不可以偏概全 不可以个人的思想代替作者的思想 2 在了解全文大意的基础上 仔细考虑选项内容与文章主题有没有联系 3 看选项内容对文章概括得是否正确 4 要注意选项中所给出的题目范围是否过大或过小 要避免以下三种错误 概括不够 过度概括 以事实细节替代概括性强的大意 5 找主题句的四个小窍门 段落中出现表转折的词语 如however but infact actually while onthecontrary incontrast等 时 其后的句子很可能是主题句 首段出现疑问句时 对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句 作者有意识地反复强调的观点 通常是主旨 反复出现的词语 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词 表示总结或结论的词或短语有therefore thus inshort conclude inconclusion等 典例剖析1 体裁 说明文话题 房子与健康词数 380时间 8 2015 新课标全国卷 B Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating forpeopleareoftenlessself conscious 难为情 whenthey reinpoorlylitplaces andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood Ifyourhomedoesn thaveenoughwindowlight getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness Mindthecolors Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites Inonestudy peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry Sowhenit stimetorepaint goblue Don tforgettheclock ortheradio Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories 卡路里 permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals Beginkeepingtrackofthetime andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes Andwhileyou reatit actuallysitdowntoeat Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown turnonrelaxingmusic Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal Downsizethedishes Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12 inchplateinsteadofa10 inchplate Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone totalintake 摄入 jumpsby14percent Andwe llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort wideglassthanatall skinnyglass 语篇解读 这是一篇科普说明文 短文主要说明了人的食量与房子粉刷的颜色 灯光的明暗等有着密切的关系 它们对人的身材会产生一定的影响 1 Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout A theirhomecomfortsB theirbodyshapeC housebuyingD healthydiets答案B 推理判断题 短文主要说明了饮食与室内光线 墙壁的颜色 餐具的尺寸及进餐的速度等有着密切的关系 显然这对于那些注重体型的人是有所帮助的 故答案为B 2 Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople A digestfoodbetterB reducefoodintakeC burnmorecaloriesD regaintheirappetites答案B 事实细节题 根据第三段 peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom 可知 蓝色的用餐环境有助于减少食物摄入量 因此B项正确 3 Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes A Eatquickly B Playfastmusic C Usesmallerspoons D Turndownthelights 答案C 事实细节题 由第四段第二句可知 进餐快的人比进餐慢的人每顿饭多消耗70卡路里的热量 由此可知A项错误 由第四段倒数第二句中的 turnonrelaxingmusic 可知B项不对 而由第二段首句中的 turnupthelights 可知D项也是错误的 根据最后一段 whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone totalintakejumpsby14percent 也可直接推知答案为C 4 Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext A IsYourHouseMakingYouFat B WaysofServingDinnerC EffectsofSelf ConsciousnessD IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing 答案A 标题归纳题 短文首句即为主题句 房子可能影响住户的身材 接下来从房子的颜色 室内灯光等方面说明了对饮食的影响 用A项作标题 既能总括全文 又能吸引读者 典例剖析2 体裁 议论文话题 社会生活词数 266时间 5 2014 重庆卷 E It sgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment Theypay 5foracaramelbrul elattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks It sundeniablethatbehaviorcomesfromourinnerdispositions 性情 butinmanyinstanceswealsodrawinferencesaboutwhoweare assuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBem byobservingourownbehavior Wecanbestrangerstoourselves Ifweknewourownminds whywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior Ifourmindswereanopenbook wewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes Actually weoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare Moreover wedon tjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacter weinfercharactersthatweren ttherebefore Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresaroundus whichwefailtorecognize Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidn t Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus Weshouldnotmistakenlybelievethatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmake peoplebecomewhattheydo thoughitmaynotbeincompliance 符合 withtheirtruedesires Therefore weshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegut sadvice Wearewhatwepretendtobe sowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe 语篇解读 本文讲述了人的性格和态度决定人的行为 5 Accordingtothepassage personalitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedto A determineone sbehaviorB reflectone stasteC influenceone ssurroundingsD resultfromone shabits答案A 事实细节题 根据文章第一段中 It sgenerallybelievedthat andattitude 可知性格和态度决定一个人的行为 故选A 6 WhichofthefollowingwouldDarylBemmostprobablyagreewith A Thereturnofawalletcanindicateone shonesty B Akindpersonwillofferhisseattotheold C Onerecyclesplasticstoprotecttheenvironment D Onebuyslatteoutoftrueloveofcoffee 答案A 推理判断题 根据文章第二段中 It sundeniablethat aboutwhoweare 可知拾金不昧表明人的诚实 故选A 7 Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage A Wefailtorealizeourinnerdispositions B Wecanbeinfluencedbyoutsidepressures C Ourbehavioristheresultofourtruedesires D Ourcharacterscanshapeoursocialrelationships 答案B 推理判断题 根据画线句子可知如果我们不重复利用的话 妻子和邻居会反对 可以推出我们会受外界压力的影响 故选B 8 Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage A Personalitiesandattitudes B Preferencesandhabits C Behaviorandpersonalities D Attitudesandpreferences 答案C 主旨大意题 根据文章第一句话 It sgenerallybelievedthat andattitudes 可知这是本文主题句 所以本文讨论了性格和行为的关系 故选C