非谓语动词语法讲解.doc

非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。三、非谓语动词的时态和语态 一般式 完成式 进行式不定式 主动to do to have done to be doing 被动to be done to have been doneing 形式 主动doing having done 被动being donehaving been done过去分词 被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如：_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk(分析)a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选Bb. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.Its important for us to learn English well. Its kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：Its no good / use doing sth. Its useless doing sth. There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如：My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.（主表语要用同一种形式）2、 分词作表语记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise (使某人吃惊)， surprising (令人吃惊)， surprised (主语)感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite (激动)，astonish (惊奇)，shock (震惊)，scare (惊恐)，disappoint (失望)，move（感动），如：The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.3、 在seem / appear (似乎，好像)， prove/ turn out (被证明是)， remain (仍然是，尚待)等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。如：He seemed (to be ) very happy.非谓语动词练习题精选1.She pretended me when I passed by.A. not to see B.not seeing C. to not see D.having not seen2. -Have you decided when ? -Yes, tomorrow morning.A. to leave B.to be leaving C.will you leave D.are you leaving3.Last summer I took a course on .A.how to make dresses B.how to be made dressedC.how dresses be made D.how dresses to be made4.Mr.Smith warned his daughter after drinking.A.to never drive B.never driving C.never to drive D.never drive5.They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow6.John was made the truck for a week as a punishment.A.washing B.to wash C.wash D.to be washing7. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to .A.sit B.sit on C.be sat D .be sat on8.It is easy these questions.A.answer B.to be answered C.for answering D.for her to answer9._is easier than doing. A.To talk B.Talk C.Talking D.Talks10.Dont forget your lawyer this weekend.A.meeting B.to meet C.having met D.met11.I am afraid I forget you before. A.to meet B.meeting C.meet D.met12.My pen is rather old, but it is all right for me to .A.write B.write with C.be written D.be written with13.He doesnt know to say or not.A.if B.either C.whether D.if he will14.The doctor advises less and more exercise.A.to eat ; to take B.eating; to take C.eating; taking D.to eat ;taking15.-What are you going to do this afternoon? -Im thinking of to visit my aunt.A.go B.going C.having gone D.my going16.The deer was lucky that it just missed .A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch17.You should keep on English every day.A.to practise to speak B.to practise speaking C.practising to speakD.practising speaking18.The student doesnt mind when he speaks English.A. A.being laughed B.being laughed at C.to be laughed D.laughing at19.The sentence needs .A.improve B.improving C.improved D.an improvement20.Have you used a bag? A.sleeping B.sleep C.asleep D.slept21.Little Tom could do nothing but .A.waited B.waiting C.wait D.to wait22._made her mother angry.A.Helens married Jack B.Helens marrying JackC.Helens has married Jack D.Helens marrying with Jack23.The problem is worth .A.discussing B.to discuss C.discussed D.to be discussed24.He has never spent a day.A.more worry B.most worrying C.more worrying D.most worry25.Most of the people to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invited C.being invited D.inviting26.The news sounds .A.encouraging B.encouraged C.encourage D.to encourage27.-Good morning.Can I help you? -Id like to have this package , madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed28._anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.A.Not known B.Known not C.Knowing D.Not knowing29._to the party, Joan was greatly hurt.A.Having not been invited B.Not having been invitedC.Having not invited D.Not having invited30._by a policeman, the children crossed the street safely.A.To lead B.Lead C.Leading D.Led31.The boy _a blue jacket is Johns brother.A.wear B.wore C.wearing D.wears32._English is quite different from written English.A.Spoken B.Speak C.Spoke D.Speaking33.He is from an_country.A.English-spoken B.English-speaking C.speaking-English D.English-speak34._their lessons, they went to the cinema.A.Finishing B.Had finished C.Finished D.Having finished35._he had won the first prize, he felt very happy.A.Know B.Known C.Knowing D.Being known36. 36.As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers by her mother.A.buying B.being bought C.were bought D.bought37.The old scientist has been invited to a party _ next Monday evening.A.holding B.hold C.being held D.to be held38.The building now will be used as our reading room.A.built B.to be built C.being built D.is built39.I advised at once.A.him to starting B.him to start C.to starting D.to start40.You shouldnt allow games near the classroom, for its too noisy.A.student playing B.to play C.students to play D.to playing41.The students are kept busy their lessons.A.to review B.review C.reviewing D.on reviewing42.I knew he didnt listen to me, but I went on to get him in the proposal.A.hoping; interesting B.to hope; interesting C.hoping; interest D.hoping; interested43.We cant get the car .We need someone us.A. A.to go; to help B.going; to help C.going; helping D.gone; helping44.I prefer to watch football.A.to play B.to playing C.rather than play D.than to play45.The day we had looked forward to at last.A.coming B.come C.came D.comes46.I hope youll succeed this task.A.finishes B.to finish C.finish D.in finishing47.He couldnt open the front door, so he tried the back door.A.push B.to push C.pushed D.pushing48.I dont want that sort of thingA.keep happen B.keep happening C.to keep happen D.to keep happening49.My watch wants .It doesnt the right time.A.to repair; tell B.being repaired; say C.repairing; speak D.repairing; tell50.The doctor advised him to give up ,but he refused so.A.to smoke; doing B.smoking; to do C.to smoke; to do D.smoking; doing51._very small, computers are widely used.A.Because B.As C.Since D.Being52._many times, but he still couldnt understand it .A.Having been told B.He had been told C.Though he had been told D.Having told53._to the left and youll see the post office.A.To turn B.Turning C.Turned D.Turn54.When ,ice changes into water.A.to heat B.heating C.heated D.they are heated55._with his brother, he is not so clever.A.Compare B.To compare C.Comparing D.Compared56.Asked if he could come to the party that night, .A.nobody said anything B.they didnt get an answer from himC.nothing was said by him D.John nodded his head and left the room57.Lessons easily are soon forgotten.A.to learn B.learn C.learned D.learning58.Among these ships are none to us .A.belonged B.to be belonged C.belonging D.belongs59.-Who were those people with the bananas?-A group itself the League for Peace.A.calling B.calls C.called D.is called60.The television is a machine.A.newly-inventing B.newly-invented C.newly-invent D.newly-invention