英语量词概念和用法.doc

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量词:通常用来表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词,叫做量词。例如:a bag of (rice), a piece of (news), a cup of (tea) 量词特点:在英语中,有很多量词词组,例如:a group of,a flock of, a bunch of,a bundle of等等.量词词组粗略地归纳了以下的特点,具体表现为:特点一:英语量词词组所表示的数或量,大致可归纳为四种类型,即定量、不定量、大量和少量。1表示定量的量词词组,譬如:a couple of(两个、一对)a couple of days,a couple of players,a couple of times;a cupful of(一满杯)a cupful of jelly,a cupful of water;a portion of(一份客)a portion of duck,a portion of roast beef。2表示不定量的量词词组,譬如:a majority of(大多数大半)a majority of opinions,a majority of votes;an atom of(一点)an atom of food,an atom of truth;a spell of(一阵一段时间)a spell of fine weather,a spell of coughing。3表示大量的量词词组,譬如:a flood ofa flood of ink(洋洋大篇),a flood of tears(泪如泉涌);a heap ofa heap of earth(一堆泥土),a heap of customers(许多顾客);a mountain ofa mountain of debts(债台高筑),a mountain of difficulties(困难重重)。4表示少量的量词词组,譬如:a drop ofa drop of fever(有点热度),a drop of dew(一点露水);a particle ofa particle of feeling(一丝感情),a particle of dust(一点灰尘);a shadow ofa shadow of doubt(一点怀疑),a shadow of freedom(一点自由)。特点二:有些数量词组修饰可数名词,有些数量词组修饰不可数名词,还有些则两者均可修饰。1修饰不可数名词的量词词组,譬如:a bit ofa bit of English(一点英语),a bit of good advice(一些好意见),a bit of interest(一点兴趣);a shred ofa shred of evidence(一点证据),a shred of cloth(少量布),a shred of reputation(一点声誉),a sheet ofa sheet of glass(一块玻璃),a sheet of water(一片汪洋)。2修饰可数名词的量词词组,譬如:a cluster ofa cluster of flowers(一簇花),a cluster of spectators(一群观众),a cluster of bright stars(闪烁群星);a string ofa string of pearls(一串珠子),a string of curses(连续不断的咒骂),a string of excuses(一连串借口);a scram ofa scram of mosquitoes(一群蚊子),a scram of geese(一群鹅),a scram of children(一群孩子)。3修饰(不)可数名词的量词词组,譬如:a body ofa body of bees(一群蜜蜂),a body of cold air(一股冷空气),a body of facts(许多事实);a block ofa block of ice(一大块冰),a block of flats(一幢公寓),a block of houses(一排房子);a chain ofa chain of ideas(一系列想法),a chain of accidents(一连串事故),a chain of proof(一连串证据)。特点三:有些数量词组的搭配是固定的,而有些搭配则比较灵活。1搭配固定的量词词组,譬如:a barrel ofa barrel of beer(一桶啤酒),a barrel of crude oil(一桶原油);a basket ofa basket of eggs(一篮鸡蛋),a basket of apples(一篮苹果);a line ofa line of trees(一行树),a line of poetry(一行诗)。2搭配较灵活的量词词组,譬如:a piece ofa piece of paper(一张纸),a piece of furniture(一件家具),a piece of equipment(一台设备);a round ofa round of spirit(一巡酒),a round of diplomatic talks(一轮外交谈判),a round of toast(一片烤面包);a bar ofa bar of chocolate(一块巧克力),a bar of soap(一条肥皂),a bar of light(一束光)。 量词分类列举:常见的量词及搭配:1. 一般性的表示个数的量词:这一组中主要有piece, bit, item, article 等词,但piece具有独特的地位,在使用其他词的地方一般都可使用piece 代替之。比如:piece :a piece of meat/paper/bread/music/information/furniture/machinery, etc.一片肉/一张纸/一片面包/一首曲子/一条信息/一件家具/一台机器等bit :a bit of news/wood/advice/trouble, etc.一条消息/一块木头/一条建议/一件麻烦事等item:an item of news/crime/program/business, etc.一条新闻/一宗罪行/一个项目/一笔生意等article :an article of export/ furniture/ clothing/ luggage, etc.一宗出口/一件家具/一件衣服/一件行李等2. 以形状表示个数的量词:bar :a bar of chocolate/candy一块巧克力/一块糖bunch :a bunch of flowers/grapes/ keys一束花/一串葡萄/一串钥匙cake:a cake of soap/ice一块肥皂/一块冰cluster :a cluster of stars/flowers/animals一群星/一束花/一群动物comb:a comb of bananas 一串香蕉drop :a drop of rain/ blood 一滴雨/一滴血ear :an ear of corn/wheat一棒玉米/一穗麦子flight :a flight of stairs/arrows/sparrows一段楼梯/一阵箭雨/一群麻雀flock:a flock of workmen/criminals/boys一群工人/一伙罪犯/一群男孩head:a head of cabbage/cauliflower/sheep一头卷心菜/一块花菜/一头羊lump:a lump of sugar/coal/clay一块糖/一块煤/一块土spiral :a spiral of mosquito incense 一盘蚊香slice :a slice of meat/bread/beef一片肉/一片面包/一块牛肉swarm :a swarm of bees一群蜜蜂bevy a bevy of beauties/girls/ladies一群美人/一群女孩/一群女士gathering a gathering of friends一帮朋友clump :a clump of trees一丛树林pack:a pack of rascals/wolves一群流氓/一群狼3. 表示容积的词:bottle:a bottle of ink/milk/wine一瓶酒/一瓶牛奶/一瓶葡萄酒bowl :a bowl of rice/porridge 一碗米饭/一碗粥pail::a pail of water 一桶水glass:a glass of beer 一杯啤酒cup:a cup of tea 一杯茶handful a handful of soil 一抔土spoonful :a spoonful of oil 一汤匙油mouthful :a mouthful of snow 一口雪truckload:a truckload of steel 一卡车钢材a packet of cigarette一包烟4. 表示行为动态的量词:fit :a fit of laughter 一阵笑声peal :a peal of thunder 一阵雷声flash :a flash of light 一道闪电display :a display of force 一番武力展示
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