英语宾语补足语用法详解.doc

Contents英语宾语补足语用法详解2一、概念2二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语2三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词3典例精析：4英语宾语补足语用法详解一、概念分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说，主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语，则很容易了解主语补足语。宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。句型：及物动词+宾语(n./pron.)+宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介词短语共7种表示法)该句型若变成被动语态，即将宾语提到句首作主语，原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用，所以改称主语补足语。例如：A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.此句中smoking是主语he的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语分词作主语(宾语)补足语时，若主语(宾语)与分词之间是主动关系，则用现在分词表示主动；如果主语(宾语)与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词表示被动。例如：He was heard singing in the next room.He was singing.主语he与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词singing。One of the glasses was found broken.One of the glasses was broken.主语one of the glasses与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词broken。Dont leave the water running while you brush your teeth.The water is running.宾语the water与补足语“淌”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词running。三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词要会使用分词作补足语，必须记住哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语。1.感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at(一感二听五看)及find等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。如：If you wave your book in front of your face，you can feel the air moving against your face.The air can be felt moving against your face，if you wave your book in front of your face.The next morning she found the man lying in bed，dead.The next morning the man was found lying in bed，dead.2.表示“致使”动词get，have，leave等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。-Good morning. Can I help you？-Id like to have the package weighed，madam.3.表示“意欲；命令”的动词如like，want，wish，order等常接过去分词充当补足语。如：You must tell us exactly what you would like done.你必须准确地告诉我们该做什么。The father wants his daughter taught the piano.这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。I wish it done quickly.我希望很快将此事做完。注意：set，start，catch常跟现在分词作宾语补足语，make常跟过去分词作宾语补足语。如：Set sb.thinking，start sb.coughing，He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself heard.典例精析：1.I smell something_in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute？A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt答案：A。解析：smell something burning“闻着什么东西在燃烧而发出糊味”强调这个动作正在进行。burning作宾语补足语。Something burnt“烧焦了的东西”表示一种状态。所以选A。2.After a knock at the door，the child heard his mothers voice_him.A.calling B.called C.being called D.to call答案：A。解析：hear sb.doing sth.意为“听到某人在做某事”。动词+ing表示主动，the child heard his mothersvoice calling him表示“孩子听见他母亲喊他”。Hear sth.done表示“听见某事被做了”。所以选A。3.Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English_in a short period.A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve答案：A。解析：have sth.done表示“使某事被做”，have her written English improved“使她的书面英语得到提高”。动词+ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动。Have sb.doing sth.意为“使某人一直在做某事”表主动。Have sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”表主动，do前必须省略to。所以选A。4.-Did Peter fix the computer himself？-He_，because he doesnt know much about computers.A.has it fixed B.had fixed it C.had it fixed D.fixed it答案：C。解析：have sth.done表示“使某事被做或请别人做某事”，动词+ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动。由because he doesnt know much about computers可判断出，他找别人维修了电脑。所以选C。