动词-ing形式做句子的各种成份(一).doc

动词-ing形式做句子的各种成份 （一）一、动词-ing形式做主语1、现在分词做主语表示事物化、抽象化的概念。强调：现在分词做主语时谓语一律用单数。Eg: Talking is an art.Eg: Tearning English well is not easy.2、it做形式主语的情况Its no good/use doing sth. 做是没有用的Its useful/useless doing 做是有/没有用的There is no doing sth.Eg: It is no use crying after knowing the result.Eg: It is no good playing games.二、动词-ing形式做表语动词-ing形式做表语，一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作。1、句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词/抽象的习惯性动作。（主语和表语的位置可以互换）Eg: My hobby is playing games.-Playing games is my hobby.Eg: One of his bad habits is speaking loudly. -Speaking loudly is one of his bad habits.Eg: Your task is studying hard.-Studying hard is your task.与现在进行时的区别：He is flying.(现在进行时，就不能转换成-Flying is he)2、表示主语的某种性质或状态，描述主语的特征，相当于形容词，故不能与主语互换。系动词：be动词、感官动词、get/become等。Eg: This film is interesting.Eg: Todays weather is nice.Eg: The song sounds good.(主语一般为物：moving surprisingpromising有希望的)三、动词-ing形式做宾语1、作动词的宾语某些动词后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式。allow cannot help consider risk suggest forbid protect(from)阻止 admit advise allow avoid delay推迟 enjoy escape逃脱 finish give up imagine mind practiseEg: I tried to avoid making mistakes.Eg: I suggest having a rest.2、作介词的宾语是一些固定的短语搭配：be/ get/ become used to习惯于, look forward to, insist on, be succed in, be fond of, be interested in, be worth, devoteto, stick to, lead to and so on.Eg: The book is worth reading.Eg: I am used to getting up early.四、作宾语补足语1、动词-ing形式可以在感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和宾语一起构成复合宾语。（表示动作的正在进行，状态正在持续）Eg: I watched a student picking peaches when I crossed the school.Eg: When I came into classroom, I heard someone singing.3、动词-ing形式也可以用在使役动词have get leave keepset send等动词后作宾语补足语。（宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。）Eg: Dont have your students doing homework all the time.五、动词-ing形式做定语1、表示被修饰词的某种用途,一般放在所修饰词的前面。阅览室 reading room 吸烟室 smoking room 洗衣机 washing machine 写字台 writing desk3、起形容词作用的动词-ing作定语时，含有主动和进行的意思。(1) 单个的分词放在所修饰名词的前面Eg: I walked quietly in order not to wake the sleeping bird.(2) 短语放在所修饰的名词后面Eg: I know the bird sleeping in the tree.-I know the bird which is sleeping in the tree.Eg: It lived in a tree facing my house.-It lived in a tree which faced my house.